• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.389-396
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to design an auto showering system regarding bed type for old people or bedridden patients. Background: The rapid growth concerning the aging population leads to an increase in elderly bedridden patients living in senior care centers and hospitals where care givers have difficulty bathing older people with limited mobility. Method: In this study, a showering equipment for experiment was based on anthropometric and researching existing products. The nozzle position was optimized by showering tests and simulations using showering equipment. Results: The problems regarding the existing products were analyzed and the nozzle position was optimized through showering tests. The number, position, and spraying angle of the nozzle were optimized through showering simulations. The automatic showering system concerning bed type was designed by considering their results. Conclusion: When designing an automatic showering system, the most important design element involves determining the position of nozzle and angle of water injection and the number of nozzles. The system was developed by applying the results through user centered-research. Application: The user centered-research for developing products was applied directly in order to develop automatic baths, showering products etc. Furthermore, it was also available to be applied towards senior friendly products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find sensitive indicator of food intake and specific food group related to cognitive function and to analyze the pathway among factors affecting food intake and cognitive function of the aged. 179 people over 50 years old were investigated and all the data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 package. Food frequency was more sensitive indicator to show the relationship between food intake and cognitive function of the aged than the numbers of standard amount of food eaten. Consumption of grains and starch, meat, fish, eggs and beans were strongly related to cognitive function of the aged and intake of vegetables and fruits also have relationship with it. Moreover, the more frequent eating the carbohydrate and the protein, the higher the cognitive level of the aged. Age, education period, income, blood pressure, duration after retirement, frequency of physical activity and BMI were correlated with food intake and cognitive function of the aged. Among them, age and frequency of physical activity were most strongly correlated with food intake, and education period with cognitive function of them. This investigation shows that more stable intake of carbohydrate and protein containing foods need to be supplied to low income aged and the importance of physical activity of the aged must be emphasized with food intake for better life of the aged.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2021

In this paper describes the research and development of a pipe robot for pipe rehabilitation construction of old water pipes. After the water supply pipe construction, the pipe is leaking, damaged, and aging due to corrosion. Eventually, resistance to the flow of water in lower supply efficiency and contaminated water such as rusty water, finally in various consumer complaints. In order to solve this problem, rehabilitation construction robot technology is required to secure the construction quality of pipe rehabilitation construction and restore the function of the initial construction period. The developed pipe rehabilitation construction robot required a hydraulic actuator for high traction and was equipped with a small hydraulic supply device. In addition, we have developed a hydraulic cylinder and a link system that supports the pipe inner diameter to develop a single pipe robot corresponding to 500 to 800mm pipe diameter. The analysis and experimental verification of the driving performance and unit function of the developed pipe reconstruction robot are explained, and the result of the integrated performance test of the pipe reconstruction robot at the water supply pipe network site is explained.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

Macrophages play an important role in the first line of immunologic effects against tumor cells. The effects of nonsaponin red ginseng (NSRG) components on macrophage functions like tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity, and NO production in young (8-weeks-old) and aged (82-weeks-old) male C57BL/6 mice were assessed in vitro, respectively. The treatment of tumor cells (melanoma B16 cells) with the supernatants of NSRG-treated macrophages resulted in an increase of cytotoxicity at 300 $\mu$g/ml in the aged mice, whereas the supernatants did not have a cytotoxic effect in the young mice. It was observed that the supernatants induced the increase of tumor cell proliferation at 150 $\mu$g/ml in the young mice, suggesting that the supernatants contain growth factors rather than cytotoxic molecules. In addition, NSRG alone had a direct cytotoxic effect on the B16 tumor cells. NSRG had no effect on the NO production by the macrophages in the young mice, while it significantly increased the level of NO release in the aged mice. There was no difference in the phagocytic activities of the macrophages by NSRG in both groups of mice. These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on the macrophage functions in young and aged mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.105-116
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• 2004

Objective : In this study, we used the aged bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) rats were used to measure the effect of Bupleuri Radix (Si-Ho) on the brain ischemic injury, because aging is an important factor in storke, Method : The brian ischemic injury was induced by temporary closing of carotids on both sides in a low blood pressure state. Bupleuri Radix (Si-Ho) was orally administered in 18-month-old BCAO rats. Result : The Ischemic Damaged Hippocampus and HSP expression were analyzed by the immunohistochemical staining and the result were as follows: 1. The low numbers of pyramid cells in the hippocampus CA1 area for the ischemically injured experimental group rose to numbers simillar to those of the control group. 2. The thin neuronal cell layer in the hippocampus CA1 area for the ischemically injured experimental group returned to thickness simillar to those of the control group. 3. The normalized optical density of HSP70 expression was suppressed in CA2, DG and CA1 expression was significantly suppressed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results suggested that Bupleuri Radix (Si-Ho) has a neuroprotective effect by reducing neural cell injury in the initial ischemic state.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-64
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• 1999

The relations between micorfloral compositions and environmental factors of 32 Korean infants were sought through statistical analysis after examination of fecal bacterial and questions to their mothers about feeding experiences at three different times for each subjects, about one week after birth, before weaning (2-3 months after birth), and after weaning 95-7 months after birth). The majority of mothers fed their infants cereal foods after the age of 4 months and began weaning with fruit juice and commercial weaning foods. Defection frequencies and fecal pH of infants decreased significantly during the examination period and 37.5% of total infants in fecal samples increased significantly during the examination period, which means that the kinds of bacterial genera increase with aging of infants. Frequencies of streptococci were significantly higher in infants fed delivered by Caesarian section than infants delivered naturally. Frequencies of clostridia were significantly higher in infants fed with cereal food before 4 months of age than after 5 months. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher frequencies of veillonella at about 1 week old. They also showed significantly higher frequencies of clostridia before weaning than the infant fed with no probiotics, but significantly lower frequencies of C. perfringens before weaning. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher number of streptococci at the age of about 1 week and significantly higher numbers of total aerobes before weaning, but significantly lower numbers of bacteroides after weaning than their counter parts. The fecal pH was directly proportional to the number of clostridia, klebsiella, and total aerobes at about 1 week after birth, to the number of E. coli before weaning, and to the number of streptococci and clostridia after weaning. Fecal pH had a negative relationship to the total number of anaerobes in 1-week-old infants. The infants that had diarrhea during lactation showed higher frequencies of bacteroides before weaning than those that didn't.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

The relations between micorfloral compositions and environmental factors of 32 Korean infants were sought through statistical analysis after examinaton of fecal bacterial and questions to their mothers about feeding experiences at three different times for each subjects, about one week after birth, before weaning (2-3 months after birth), and after weaning 95-7 months after birth). The majority of mothers fed their infants cereal foods after the age of 4 months and began weaning with fruit juice and commercial weaning foods. Defection frequencies and fecal pH of infants decreased significantly during the examination period and 37.5% of total infants in fecal samples increased significantly during the examination period, which means that the kinds of bacterial genera increase with aging of infants. Frequencies of streptococci were significantly higher in infants fed delivered by Caesarian section than infants delived naturally. Frequencies of clostrida were significantly higher in infants fed with cerealfood before 4 months of age than after 5 months. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher frequencies of veillonella at about 1 week old. They also showed significantly higher frequencies of clostridia before weaning than the infant fed with no probiotics, but significantly lower frequencise of C. perfringens before weaning. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher number of streptococci at the age of about 1 week and significantly higher numbers of total aerobes before weaning, but significantly lower numbers of bacteroides after weaning than their counter parts. The fecla pH was directly proportional to the number of clostridia, klebsiella, and total aerobes at about 1 week after birth, to the number of E. coli before weaning, and to the number of streptococci and clostridia after weaning. Fecal pH had a negative relationship to the total number of anaerobes in 1-week-old infants. The infants that had diarrhea during lactation showed higher frequencies of bacteroides before weaning than those that didn't.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.36-42
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• 2022

Whereas the necessity for recycling and reuse is being emphasized owing to the depletion of resources and waste disposal problems caused by the continuous development of the industry, the importance of remanufacturing has been highlighted recently. Re-manufacturing involves a series of processes in which failed disposal or aging goods are recovered to a state similar to that of a new product. In this regard, machine tools, which are large structures, can achieve the effect of remanufacturing. Among the various elements constituting the machine tool, the main spindle portion that affects the processing precision is critical. Therefore, this study is conducted to derive improvement measures for the main axis of an old Miller planner via reverse engineering and central composite design, which is one of the core processes of remanufacturing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2020

This study is to help produce highly comfortable and wearable and footwear based on the establishment of basic data for manufacturing elderly footwear patterns and products. For this, a survey of 207 women in their 20s and 60-70s was conducted to identify the wearing of shoes, inconvenience areas, purchase practices and footwear preferences by age group. The results are as follows. First, the average age of the young female group was 22.5 years old, the elderly female group was 68.8 years old, and the average shoe size was 236.3 mm for the young female group and 238.3 mm for the elderly female group. Second, young women wore shoes for a longer time than elderly women, resulting in swollen and numb legs, hardened soles, uncomfortable toes and sore heels. However, elderly women felt more uncomfortable wearing footwear than young women. They suffered pain in the joint area, heal and toe areas as well as had more toe deformations due to aging. Third, all age groups preferred athletic shoes and loafers as well as purchases from footwear brand stores and department stores. The elderly spent more money on shoes, longer time to buy and valued the feeling of wearing, whereas the young considered design first. Fourth, both age groups prefer low-heels and natural leather, the young preferred to wear various types of shoes; however, the elderly are found to desire shoes that are comfortable and stable in both form and wearing.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2019

Background: Factors affecting oral function include tooth number, oral muscle strength, and oral diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among oral environment, muscle, and microbiology. Methods: Fifty-six elderly individuals in a day care center were included in the study. The survey regarding tongue and lip muscle strength and oral microorganisms was conducted from November to December 2018. Results: Tongue and lip muscle strength were greater in men than women (p>0.05). Tongue muscle strength was greater in the ${\leq}80-year-old$ group ($34.94{\pm}9.85$) than the ${\geq}90-year-old$ group ($25.57{\pm}7.54$) (p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength and lip muscle strength were greater in the ${\geq}15$ functional teeth group ($34.08{\pm}9.31$ and $9.25{\pm}1.63$, respectively) than in the <15 functional teeth group ($28.08{\pm}7.53$ and $7.76{\pm}1.51$, respectively) (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with functional tooth number, denture use, and tongue muscle strength. The number of functional teeth was positively correlated with tongue muscle strength, lip muscle strength, and oral microorganisms. Denture use was negatively correlated with tongue and lip muscle strength. Tongue muscle strength was significantly correlated with lip muscle strength. The number of Eubacterium nodatum was higher in men than women. The number of Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis was higher in the groups with ${\geq}15$ functional teeth, denture use, and greater tongue and lip muscle strength. The number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in the group that uses dentures and with greater tongue strength. Conclusion: Oral microbiology is more important in oral environment and management than oral muscle function. The correlation between oral muscle and oral microorganism requires further study. Therefore, oral care training should be conducted to improve the oral care practice of elderly individuals, maintain oral health through oral care, and prevent the decrease in saliva secretion by aging.