• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the electrical properties of the buccal area using facial surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods : This research was conducted on 44 healthy participants irrespective of their sex. Surface electrodes were attached to the midpoints of three imaginary lines connecting ST4 (Dicang) to ST6 (Jiache), ST4 to SI18 (Quanliao), and ST4 to the center point of SI18 and ST6. Then, the participants were trained in the movement that included a comprehensive action of buccal area. While the participants were performing the motion, sEMG values ($E_1$, $E_2$, $E_3$) and the distance change of the three imaginary lines ($D_1$, $D_2$, $D_3$) were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0. Results : Significant differences were observed in the distance changes ($D_1$>$D_3$, $D_2$>$D_3$) and sEMG values ($E_1$<$E_2$<$E_3$). Moreover, there were positive correlations between $D_1$ and $E_1$, $D_2$ and $E_2$. Conclusion : We suggest that the measurement at ST4 to the center point of ST6 and SI18 with this motion would be adequate to check the electrical characteristics of the buccal area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

This paper is a study on city brand development which is increasingly interested as a means to enhance the attractiveness of the city. the previous research, the design of city brand identity was an application from the internal stakeholder's point of view related to the metropolitan government. However, in the present study, we tried to take a external approach that perceptions and designs city brands from the related to the consumer. For the purpose of research, based on previous studies, we extracted three images of leading, stable and amusing city brand images and prepared three scenarios for the imaginary city as experimental stimuli. The results showed that the overall city brand attitude, residence intention, and tourism intention to the imaginary city were significantly different according to the leading, stability and amusement brand image. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to continuously effort the development of city brand image which is perceived by consumers in order to differentiate city.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

To evaluate the applicability of dielectric constant measurement method on the geoenvironmental investigation of subsurface contaminated by landfill leachate, the analysis on dielectric characteristics of sand containing contaminated pore water by landfill leachate was performed. The separate real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were investigated in the frequency range of 75kHz to 12MHz. The real part of dielectric constant increased at the lower frequency wherea the real part of dielectric constant decreased at the higher frequency as the concentration of leachate increased. These results can be explained by the frequency dependence of space charge polarization and orientation polarization. The imaginary part of dielectric constant on the contaminated sand with leachate increased with their concentration for whole frequency range. These results are caused by the increase of energy loss due to the enhancement of conduction in soil with leachate concentration. The results in this study indicate that the dielectric constant measurement method has potential in evaluating the contaminated soil and pore water by landfill leachate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the spatial expression characteristics of Philipstock from a heterotopic perspective in the background of the times of modern people struggling to live in the era of an infectious disease called COVID-19 along with the era of the 4th industrial revolution. As for the research method, a total of 11 places were selected, focusing on the completed works of interior space from 2015 to the present, when they are more active after retirement, to find out the characteristics of spatial expression through literature and case studies. As a result, the spatial expression characteristics of narrative that only space has were the most frequent, and it was found that the characteristics of imaginary space and fantasy, which are the form of overlapping time to express a place, were interrelated. Philip Stock's design method, which uses narrative, fantasy, and imaginary spatial characteristics, can be seen as sufficiently representing heterotopic characteristics and can be used as another design methodology when designing a new space.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.237-245
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• 2007

When reviewing animation based on a mythical motive, the mythical imaginary power has been dependent only on audio visual senses thereby resorting to a fantasy nature regardless of reality, or there has been too much emphasis on an educational message and animation has been utilized as a conflicting composition between good and evil. Therefore, this thesis reviewed 1) whether the author's consciousness was reflected in animation according to the contemporary interpretation of mythical imaginary power and 2) whether the author included an internal meaning of a universal subject by having a short animation that was produced by actively utilizing a mythical motive as a text. Also, based on the analysis, the study deduced the conclusion that the most important thing in animation based on a mythical motive is the author's consciousness that reinterprets the theme of 'universality' from a contemporary perspective before expressing the mythical objects through the senses such as by a brilliant image and sound. The products of such an analysis are supposed to solve the problem over how mythical factors need to be applied and utilized in creating animation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.435-449
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• 1998

In this article we have introduced a Bayes criterion for the variable selection in multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). The criterion is a default Bayes factor for the comparision of homo/heteroscadasticity of the multivariate normal means. The default Bayes factor is obtained from a development of the imaginary training sample method introduced by Spiegelhalter and Smith (1982). Based an the criterion, we also provided a test for additional discrimination in MDA. The advantage of the criterion is that it is not only applicable for the optimal subset selection method but for the stepwise method. More over, the criterion can be reduced to that for two-group discriminant analysis. Thus the criterion can be regarded as an unified alternative to variable selection criteria suggested by various sampling theory approaches. To illustrate the performance of the criterion, a numerical study has bean done via Monte Carlo experiment.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

Main cause of low back pain is a poor posture. Most low back pains are due to a poor posture. The poor posture induces muscle tension and finaliy low back pain. The poor posture arehabitually trained from the childhood by the environmetal factors. In general, maintaining good posture during working and sleeping hours are the first line of defence against back pam. (1) Supine posture is the easiest posture that relaxes and fixes muscles. Supine posture is thus a starting position for on exercise. Lying down releases the weight pressures of head and shoulder and thus body can be relaxed and extended which are helpful for treating back pain. However, supine posture can increase the pressure in ribcage posture aspect and disphragram due to visceral oragans. (2) Sitting in one position for a long time results in fatigue and relaxation of spinal muscies. Finally, body strength is weakened and sitting posture will become poor. If this poor posture continues for a longer time, pain will be accompanied due to overelongation of muscle ligaments. The habitual poor posture could induce intervertebral disc distortion. If the intervertebral disc is damaged, sitting in one position or movement causes pain. (3) Abnormal lumbar curve induces the tention of abdominal muscle and paravertebral muscle groups as well as tention of lower limb muscle group connected to pelvis. For a person with weak body strength, muscle relaxation increases curvature in lumbar, chest and cervical regions. This will induce a pelvic anterior tilting of the imaginary line between A. S. I. S. and P. S. I. S. Hip joint extensor muscle acts on releasing the pelvic anterior tilting. Contrections of hamstring muscle and femoral muscle recover the imaginary line between A.S.LS. and P.S.I.S. from pelvic anterior tilting. thus, contraction of rectus abdominis muscle are required to maintain the normal lumbar curve.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

While Compton imaging is recognized as a valuable 3-D technique in nuclear medicine, reconstructing an image from Compton scattered data has been of a difficult problem due to its computational complexity. The most complex and time-consuming computation in Compton camera reconstruction is to perform the conical projection and backprojection operations. To alleviate the computational burden imposed by these operations, we investigate a rebinning method which can convert conical projections into parallel projections. The use of parallel projections allows to directly apply the existing deterministic reconstruction methods, which have been useful for conventional emission tomography, to Compton camera reconstruction. To convert conical projections into parallel projections, a cone surface is sampled with a number of lines. Each line is projected onto an imaginary plane that is mostly perpendicular to the line. The projection data rebinned in each imaginary plane can then be treated as the standard parallel projection data. To validate the rebinning method, we tested with the representative deterministic algorithms, such as the filtered backprojection method and the algebraic reconstruction technique. Our experimental results indicate that the rebinning method can be useful when the direct application of existing deterministic methods is needed for Compton camera reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 1996

This paper deals with on the efficiency questions of the left-turn prohibit at an isolated intersection and a corridor with 5-phase signal system. Its objectives are three-fold ; (1) to analyze the efficiency of the left-turn prohibit with the use of an imaginary network, (2) to evaluate various factors under consideration in decision making on the left-turn prohibit, (3) to provide a framework for estimating and evaluating overall impacts of the left-turn prohibit in traffic network. the major findings using an imaginary network and computer packages such as MINUTP, TRANSYT-7F and STATGRAPH are followings. First, left-turn prohibit reduces cycle length by 33 seconds and delay time per vehicle by 36 seconds at an isolated intersection, and cycle length by 31 seconds and delay time per veicle by 43 seconds along a corridor. Second, total vehicle mile of travel and total travel time at an isolated intersection seem up to increase 38.85 miles(57.36km), 14.4 hour on the average, Regarding to a corridor, total vehicle mile of travel is increased by 50.14 miles(80.22km), but total travel time is decreased by129.9 hours. Third, the efficiency of left-turn prohibit are affected the following eight factors including left-turn volume(veh/hr) and ratio(%), average delay time per vehicle(sec/veh) and others. Finally, several simple and multiple regression models to evaluate the impacts on the left-turn prohibit are formulated from the above eight factors. It can be expected that these models will take an important role in decision-making of left-turn prohibit.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.175-182
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• 2020

In this study, we introduced the technique of matching classical music using deep learning to design soundscape that can help the viewer appreciate painting and proposed an evaluation index to evaluate how well matching painting and music. The evaluation index was conducted with suitability evaluation through the Likeard 5-point scale and evaluation in a multimodal aspect. The suitability evaluation score of the 13 test participants for the deep learning based best match between painting and music was 3.74/5.0 and band the average cosine similarity of the multimodal evaluation of 13 participants was 0.79. We expect multimodal evaluation to be an evaluation index that can measure a new user experience. In addition, this study aims to improve the experience of multisensory artworks by proposing the interaction between visual and auditory. The proposed matching of painting and music method can be used in multisensory artwork exhibition and furthermore it will increase the accessibility of visually impaired people to appreciate artworks.