• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2011

본 연구는 2009년도에 전국에서 출하된 한우 암소 및 거세우 69,159두를 대상으로 등지방두께가 도체등급요인 및 경락가격에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 평균 등지방두께는 거세우(12.57 mm)가 암소(11.93 mm) 보다 높았으며, 암소의 77.52%가 등지방두께 4-15 mm 구간에, 거세우의 85.91 %가 등지방두께 4-18 mm 구간에 속하였다. 암소 및 거세우의 도체중(평균, 315.5 kg과 413.2 kg)과 배최장근면적(평균, 76.73 $cm^2$와 86.23 $cm^2$)은 등지방두께가 높아짐에 따라 증가 하였으며(p<0.05), 육량등급은 C등급으로 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 평균 근내지방도는 거세우(5.29)가 암소(3.83)보다 우수하였으며 등지방두께 21 mm까지 증가하였고(p<0.05), 22 mm 이상부터 감소하였다. 암소 및 거세우의 평균 성숙도는 각각 6.11과 2.12로 암소의 골화 정도가 높았으며 평균 육색은 4.85 및 4.67 로써 비슷한 수준이었다. 암소의 평균 육질등급은 1등급과 2등급의 중간 수준(평균 3.55)이었고 거세우는 1등급과 $1^+$등급의 중간 수준(평균 2.58)으로 등지방두께가 21 mm까지 육질등급은 향상되었으나(p<0.05), 22 mm 이상부터 암소는 2등급 수준으로 거세우는 1등급 수준으로 낮아졌다. 암소도체 kg당 경락가격은 등지방두께 13-15 mm 구간에서 14,970원으로, 거세우는 등지방두께 10-12 mm 구간에서 17,318원으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 도체 kg당 경락가격은 암소는 등지방두께 18 mm이상, 거세우는 15 mm이상에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소되었다. 특히, 거세우의 경우 도체 경락가격은 등지방 두께 15 mm 이상에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. $1^{++}$등급 출현율은 암소는 등지방두께 19-21 mm 구간에서 7.33%, 거세우는 22-24 mm구간에서 25.04%로 가장 높았다. 육량 A등급은 등지방두께 4-6 mm구간에서 암소 및 거세우 각각 55.67%와 93.33%로 가장 높았다. 암소 및 거세우의 등지방 두께는 육량지수와 각각 $-0.97^{**}$ 및 $-0.96^{**}$로써 상관관계가 높았으며 근내지방도와 각각 $0.20^{**}$ 및 $0.14^{**}$ 상관관계가 있었고 육질 등급($1^{++}$등급 = 1, 3등급 = 5)과의 상관관계는 $-0.15^{**}$로 같았다. 본 연구에서 한우도체의 등지방두께는 도체등급 요인 및 도체가격에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되어 금후 한우도체의 등지방 감소를 위한 다양한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2005

참외 무가온 재배시 보온부직포를 이용하여 보온재배 하고 있으며 한번 구입한 보온부직포는 보온력과 관계없이 장기간 사용하고 있다. 본 시험은 참외 무가 온 재배 시 보온부직포의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 보온 부직포의 이중피복에 따른 보온효과, 생육, 품질 및 수량성을 구명하기 위하여 정식 전부터 4월 20일까지 보온부직포를 9+3온스, 6+6온스 그리고 6+3온스로 이중으로 덮어 12온스와 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 터널내 야간 온도는 913온스 처리구에서 가장 높았고 6+6온스, 6+3온스 그리고 12온스 순이었다. 생육은 12온스에 비하여 이중피복구에서 초장, 엽수, 일비액량 등 생육이 우수하였으며 특히 9+3온스 처리구에서 가장 좋았다. 과중. 과육두께, 당도, 상품과율 및 수량 등은 처리간 차이는 없었으나 발효과 발생율은 12온스의 $32.9\%$에 비하여 9+3온스, 6+6온스, 6+3온스 이중피복 처리구에서 각각 $19.6\%,\;10.2\%,\;16.6\%$ 감소하였다. 10a당 수량은 12온스의 2,260kg에 비하여 9+3온스에서는 $7\%$ 증가하였으나, 6+6온스 및 6+3온스에서는 각각 $3\%,\;13\%$ 감소하였다. 소득은 12온스의 4,499천원에 비하여 9+3온스에서는 $13\%$, 6+6 온스 $3\%$증가한 반면 6+3온스에서는 $10\%$ 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 참외 무가온 재배시 보온효과, 품질, 경제성분석 결과 보온부직포를 12온스 한 겹으로 덮는 것보다는 9+3온스나 6+6온스 등과 같이 이중으로 피복하는 것이 좋은 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 1995

토양수분정도가 보리의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 보리의 가공이용에 적합한 양질의 원맥생산을 위한 토양수분기준설정의 기초자료로 활용코자 직경 52cm 높이 55cm인 대형 플라스틱 폿트에 사양토를 충진하여 강우차단시설을 갖춘 개폐형 하우스에 완전임의 3반복으로 배치한 뒤 올보리와 강보리 두 품종을 폿트당 40주의 밀도가 되도록 파종하였다. 토양수분장력이 각각 -0.05bar, -0.2bar, 0.5bar, -1.0bar, -5.0bar, -10.0bar에 도달되었을 때 토심 10cm주위가 충분히 젖어 장력이 0으로 될 때까지 관개를 하는 방법으로 토양수분을 조절하여 시험을 수행하였다. 토양수분장력은 micro tensiometer와 gypsum block을 토실 10cm에 설치하여 측정하였다. 분얼기로 부터 황숙기까지 토양수분을 조절 처리하여 재배한 보리의 생육특성 및 종실의 이화학적 특성을 조사한 곁과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양수분 스트레스가 장력 -1.0bar이하로 될 경우 간장과 절간장이 현저하게 짧아지고 간경이 작아지며 엽폭과 엽장이 크게 짧아지는 경향이였다. 2. 토양수분장력이 -0.5bar이하로 떨어지면 엽면적이 크게 감소하는 경향이나 주간의 지엽 및 제1엽중에 함유된 엽록소의 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 3. 뿌리활력은 토양수분스트레스가 증가할수록 대체로 떨어지는 경향이였으며, 품종별로는 올보리가 토양수분장력 -0.05bar구에서 뿌리활력이 가장 좋았으나, 조강보리는 장력 -0.05bar에서는 활력이 현저하게 떨어지는 반면, 장력 -0.2bar에서 가장 높은 활력을 보여 올보리보다 습해에 약한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 토양수분스트레스 증가에 따른 화분활력저하는 올보리에서는 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았으나, 조강보리는 토양수분장력이 낮아질수록 현저한 감소를 보였으며, 주간의 불임율은 토양수분장력 -10.0bar이하에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 5. 이삭무게는 토양수분장력이 -1.0bar이상으로 될 때 올보리가 1.0~2.5g/ear, 조강보리가 0.5~1.7g/ear의 무게분포가 주를 이루고 있으나, 장력 -5.0/bar이하로 토양수분스트레스가 심한 처리구에서는 대부분 1.3g/ear이하의 가벼운 이삭이 주종을 이루웠다. 6. 곡립의 무게는 토양수분장력이 1.0bar이상으로 적습 범위일 때 올보리가 31~50mg/kernel, 조강보리가 21~45mg/kernel의 범위로 분포하고 있으나, 토양수분스트레스가 큰 장력 -5.0bar이하에서는 곡립무게가 현저히 떨어지는 경향이었다. 7. 곡립의 크기는 올보리와 조강보리 공히 2.2~2.6mm범위로 곡립분포를 보였으나, 토양수분스트레스가 심해질수록 이 범위이하의 작은 곡립이 증가하는 경향이었다. 8. 토양수분장력 -0.2bar를 관개시점으로 토양수분을 조절해 주었을 때 종실수량이 가장 많았고, 수분장력이 -1.0bar이하로 떨어지면 수량이 크게 감소하는 경향이었다. 9. 종실분의 조단백함량, 최고점도(Max. viscosity), 굳음성(Consistency) 및 ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량은 토양수분 장력이 낮아질수록 증가하는 경향이며, 특히 토양수분장력 -5.0bar이하일 때 현저한 증가를 보였고, 호화온도(Gelatiantion temp.)는 토양수분장력이 낮아질 수를 감소하는 경향이었다. 10. 수분이용효율은 올보리가 토양수분장력 -0.5bar, 조광보리가 토양수분장력 -1.0bar유지구에서 가장 높았고 이 범위보다 높거나 낮을 경우 효율이 떨어지는 경향이었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direction and strategy of education for sex role concepts of children on the basis of factor analysis of the present situation in sex role concepts and their formation. Although some maintain that sex role concept of our society has been changing slowly, the traditional sex role concept still dominates and is potentially immanent. the analysis of present condition of our society indicates that the formal as well as informal education are facing with various crucial problems in providing the direction of behavior demanded for carrying out the role. The close analysis of the three theories, psychoanalytic theory , social learning theory, cognitive development theory, lends a support to the laim of the study that cognitive development theory provide an integrated frame of reference for us to see the sex role education analytically Furthermore, the factors which are found to have influences on the formation of sex role have been analyzed in three areas: Family, School and society. 1)The factors in family such as parental behavior of upbringing and their concepts of sex role have a direct relationship with the nature of sex tole concept of children. Therefore, the first step to make children to habe a new type of sex-role conception appropriate for modern societies is to change that of parental conception and attitudes. 2)the quantitative as well as the qualitative aspects of school education showed no exceptional trend from the dominant conception of the society, although school are expected to lead the society as formal education institution rather than just reflect the society. The educational activities and contents such as the conceived goal of education for eoch sex, textbook constitation, teaching behavior and sex-role concepts of teacher are found to be still dominated by the traditional sex-role assumption. 3) The social factors that have direct relationship with children's sex-role formation are social and cultural, which include social milieu, condition of employment, family structure and mass-media. Since family and school do not educate the young in a social vacuum. their educational function of sex-role formation are doomed to be limited and determined by these social factors. Unfortunately, the analysis of present conditions showed the dominance of traditional types of sex-role concepts in all these social factors. The education of sex-role concept for children should be treated as one of the most crucial value problems related with many other important problems, such as direction and patterns of behaviors of each sex, the degree of self-development and capabilities, and consequently human right, equality, humanization and the quality of happiness. Neverthless, the analysis of researches on sex-role education which have been surveyed in this study lead to a conclusion that concerted effort to change the education, formal as well as informal should be provided in every aspect of social life. If the sex role education of the past has aimed at the "feminization"of girls which indoctrinate girls into a limited and fixed role of house wives, the new education in the future should be directed foward "humanization" of both sexes which opens the diversity of roles for both boys and girl on equal levels and provide future possibilities in accordance to their individual capabilities and interests.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 1995

This study investigated the effects of education program conducted through individual home visit by CHPs, which was developed ,by the operational re-search technique for families of dementia patients. (Yeo Shin Hong et at,1994) The study was conducted in the form of a primary experimental design with 43 people as subjects, including dementia patients and family member in several Myon areas of Chungcheong Namdo between June 10 and August 20, 1994. The data was collected by questionnaires through the home visit by the CHPs. The results of study are as follows. 1. There is no difference in the quality of life between before and after the education program. 2. Role stress 'before the education program' was significantly different than 'after the education program'. 3. There was no difference in the feeling of burden between before and after the education program. 4. There was a significant difference in the abnormal behaviors of patients between before and after the education program. 5. The knowledge of dementia by the patient's family increased significantly after the education program, compared to that of 'before the education program'. 6. There was a significant difference in the attitude of family members toward the education program on dementia between before and after the education program. 7. The results of analysis on the coefficient relationship of various variables showed that the age of patients and family members have a significant correlation with role stress(p=.01). 8. In the subjective evaluation of family members on changes in actual nursing actions and the improvement of knowledge and technique in terms of daily living, (including abnormal behavior of patients, adjustment of environment for patients, activity programs for patients, communication technique with patients, ensuring the safety of patients, clothing, meals and elimination, 60-65% of family members responded that their knowledge had increased. As for improvement in techniques for each item, the technique for communication with patients showed the greatest improvement while the action program method for patients showed the least change. As for the nursing service provided to patients, most respondents showed a positive change. The specific items for which more than 80% respondents answered positively were as follows : recognizing the demand of patients, getting patients to do simple house works, talking softly and gently, removing dangerous things, preparing comfortable clothes that are easy to put on and take off, and limiting water consumption at night. As a result of study, the following suggestions can be made. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of an education program developed and applied for dementia patients and family members in the community. This needs to be compared with a similar study conducted in the urban setting. In addition, a community service program (ex : nursing hem and shelter) including the application of the education program should be developed and the study done to investigate its effect.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide the conservation management direction about cultural landscape of the traditional villages in the area of Huizhou through the importance-performance analysis. The results of the survey on the importance - performance of 261 people who had many visits to various cultural landscapes of Huizhou villages such as Hongchun, Sidichun etc. are as follows. It was appeared that the item of 'good air' is the highest level of importance and satisfaction and is best condition. The item of 'historical conservation' is the high level of importance, but the level of satisfaction is low, so continuous improvement is necessary. The item of 'Old garden conservation' has high satisfaction but low importance, so it needs to improve its importance through subsequent improvement. The item of 'Keeping of old cemetary and old tower' has low importance and satisfaction but it is above average, so continuous maintenance is needed. The items of 'Preservation of stone gate' and 'Preservation of famous man's birth house' all have slightly higher satisfaction and lower importance. Both items are highly satisfied with their importance, so they should avoid excessive efforts and maintain the present status. Satisfaction with the item of 'water environment and water quality' was the lowest, and the problem of the present condition is the most serious, and a major improvement is needed. The importance and satisfaction of 'Commercial development of old villages' was the lowest among all items. This item is causing serious problems and should provide an overall improvement way to drastically improve the importance and satisfaction. Concentration is necessary to improve the environment of the whole villages, to protect the ecological plants and animals in old villages, to transfer and improve the culture of old villages, to maintain sustainability of the villages, and to protect old temple and old rock in old villages. As the level of satisfaction with sustainability is the lowest in the part of 'Concentrate here', there is a great concern about sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on sustainability and concentrate on sustainable development.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Photoreversibility, a reversion of the inductive effect of a brief red light pulse by a subsequent far red light pulse, is a property of photo responses regulated by the plant photoreceptor phytochrome B. Plants use photoreceptors to sense photo signal and to adapt and modify their morphological and physiological properties. Phytochrome recognizes red light and far red light and plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development. METHODS AND RESULTS: The reversal responses of growth and fruiting characteristics were investigated to increase the yield of oriental melon (Cucumis Melo L. var. Kumsargakieuncheon) by means of controlling light quality in a plastic house. Red (R:660nm) and far red (FR:730nm) lights were subsequently irradiated on the whole stems and leaves of the oriental melon plant during growing periods, using red and far red LEDs as light sources, from 9:00 PM daily for 15 minutes. The intensities of R and FR light were 0.322-0.430 μmol m-2s-1 and 0.250-0.366 μmol m-2s-1, respectively. Compared to R light irradiation, combination of R and FR light irradiation increased the length of internode, number of axillary stems, number of female flowers, and fruit number of oriental melons. The results of treatment with R were similar to R-FR-R light irradiation in terms of length of internode, number of axillary stems, number of female flowers, and number of fruits. When FR treatment was considered, R-FR and R-FR-R-FR light irradiation had similarities in responses. These reversal responses revealed that oriental melon showed a photoreversibility of growth characteristics, flowering, and fruiting. CONCLUSION: These results suggested the possibility of phytochrome regulation of female flower formation and fruiting in oriental melon. The fruit weight of the oriental melon was the heaviest with the R light irradiation, while the number of fruits was the highest with the FR light. With the FR light irradiation, the fruit weight was not significantly higher compared to that of the control. Meanwhile, the yield of oriental melon fruits increased by 28-36% according to the intensities of the FR light due to the increases of the number of fruits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1983

For the purpose of implementing health and nutrition education for college women, we investigated changes in height, weight, and daily living schedule, as well as the relationship between energy intake and expenditure, and food and nutrients intake levels for the six years from 1977 to 1982. A special form of questionaires was prepared and distributed to well-trained subjects (total 213) in order to find out their general characteristics, daily living schedule and dietary intakes. The recovery of questionaires distributed to each subject was 90%. Then the quality of their living, energy balance, nutrient intake and food intake were evaluated and the F-test was used to test the statistical significances. It was found that : 1) The range of weights and heights of subjects were between 48-50 kg, 157-161cm respectively over the 6 year period. 2) In daily living schedule, that is, the average physiological activity time including sleeping ranged from 760 to 801 minutes. Free time decreased gradually, from 318 minutes per day in 1977 to 275 minutes in 1982. Average time for study and for house work was 196-280 minutes and 68 - 157 minutes respectively for 6 years, and study time was significantly varied in each year. 3) The energy intake of the subjects averaged 1762 Kcal, whereas the expended energy was 1892 Kcal. In the energy balance determined by the relationship between energy intake and expendituye, the ratio of subjects who maintained a negative energy balance gradually increased from 53% (1977) to 64%(1982). 4) The average nutrient intake was higher than the recommended dietary allowance except for calorie (1997 - 1982), calcium (1979) and iron (1979, 1980). The total calorie intake was composed of 59-63% carbohydrate, 19 - 24% fat and 15 - 18% protein Of the total protein intake the percentage of animal was 47 -51% for six years, showing acceptable nutritional status. 5) The average total food intake of the subjects increased from 1,080 g (1977) to 1,184g (1982), but this was not a significant difference. Cereal composed the highest proportion among the total food intakes, and rice intake was 58-78% of cereals. Cereal was followed in decreasing order by vegetables, dairy products, fruits, meat and fish products. The option available for the selection of cooking methods as well as the selection of food item was limited, so there were few changes over time.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

Recently, agricultural lands have decreased sharply, which was caused by huge housing site, urbanization, land consolidation, and road construction etc. In particular, Yangju city near Seoul city has the most severe land use change in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed changes of land use, soil properties, and soil information in order to provide the basic soil information and soil management practices in this city. The area of crop cultivated land in Korea (2015) reduced by 12,090 ha compared to ones from the previous year (2014). The paddy field decreased by 25,421 ha but, upland field increased by 13,331 ha. One of the reasons for the reduction of the paddy field was converting paddy field to upland (20,916 ha) > others (3,056) > building (2,571) > public facilities (847) > idle land (217). But, reasons for increase of upland field were switching paddy to upland (20,916 ha) > land developed (634). The main reason of converting paddy field to upland was changing from rice to more profitable speciality crops or pulses. The cropland area (paddy fields, upland, orchard) of Yangju city reduced by 1,412 ha (2015/2014). The ratio of cropland area in each city reduced by 22.9% dramatically compared 2015 to 1999. The paddy fields located in alluvial plains in Yangju city were changed into upland or green house. The drainage classes of soil have been deteriorated because the flows of water were intercepted by road construction and other disturbance to water flows. In particular, paddy fields have been changed to not only upland, orchard, greenhouse cultivation but also to fallow and soil dressing on paddy in Yangju city. To analyze result of soil survey of Yangju city, 858 soil codes (soil phases) were used and the area was 105.17ha. The number of soil series increased from 60 to 65, and that of soil phase increased from 105 to 124. The largest increased area was Noegog soil series. 125.7ha of Neogog soil series was incorporated from the existing Sachon, Yecheon and Eungog soil series. The soil suitability class of paddy field in Ogjung huge housing site of Yangju city was the 4th grade for 32.6% of the area. The soil suitability classes of upland were 2nd and 3rd grade for 72.4% of the area. Farm land with high quality should be conserved by related law.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.78-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the emergency health care utilization using status according to income class. The target was the 2011 data out Korea Health Panel's raw data. 2011 data composed of total 17,035 people from total 5,741 households. This study set total 1,101 adults over full-20-years old having used an emergency health care utilization as its analysis target. In order to find out the number of emergency health care utilization use according to income class and the influential factors on emergency health care utilization cost, this study conducted the multiple regression analysis. And in order to more accurately analyze the emergency health care utilization use status depending on the income class and the features of emergency health care utilization use status, this study developed Models. As the result, this study found following findings. First, as the income class was lower, the gender was male, the age was lower, and the user has spouse, the user was not a business owner or a paid worker, the user is a house owner, the emergency medical facility type was a clinic, the means of transportation was others rather than 119 ambulance, the reason visiting emergency medical facility was belonged to others rather than accidents or poisoning, then the number of emergency was increased. Second, as the user was in higher income class, received the health insurance benefits, the using medical facility was general hospital, used 119 ambulance more often, stay days in emergency was shorter, then health care utilization cost was increased. In this study investigating the data out of Korea Health Panel, it was found that while the number of emergency health care utilization use was increased in the lower income class, but the emergency health care utilization cost was increased for higher income class. It is considered that this finding was caused from the facts that lower income class was more often exposed to dangers for physical health, so the number of emergency health care utilization use was increased, but their health care utilization cost was decreased because of their economic burdens against various examinations and their difficulties to pay such costs, comparing to that of higher income class. Therefore, in order to solve unequal problem of emergency health care utilization use between lower and higher income classs, it is required to set suitable solutions like the disease prevention effort by facilitating national health check-up programs, the enhancement of public health services in quantity and quality, the emergency health care utilization securing policy at using medical facilities, the promotional, educational activities about emergency health care utilization delivery system, the enhanced accessibility of emergency health care utilizations and emergency medical facilities.