• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

With the increasing market share of retailer brands, many authors have paid considerable attention to retailer brands. Before market liberalisation in 1996 in Korea, retailer brand market was led by the supermarket retailing format, although the first retailer brand product was developed by the department store format. In parallel with the entry of foreign multiple retailers, the retailer brand market has experienced rapid growth. Particularly, the expansion of Tesco UK with well-established retailing know-how into Korea has encouraged Tesco Korea to actively get involved in retailer brand program. As a result, Tesco Korea has led retailer brand market in the Korean marketplace. The research starts with the question of why Tesco Korea has achieved such a higher retailer brand share. Accordingly, this study is to explore how Tesco UK has transferred its own retailing knowledge into Tesco Korea, in terms of retailer brand program development. In order to explore why the retailer brand share of Tesco Korea is higher than that of its counterparts, the author adopted in-depth interview with prepared-questions and store observation as a research methodology. To examine working process as well as information flows within Tesco Korea and from UK to Korea, in-depth interview method is one of the most suitable research methodologies, because of the difficulty of quantifying information or data related to work flows. In addition, to increase the validity of information, the researcher had interviews with Tesco Korea supplier and store personnel. Based on these research techniques, this research explored how Tesco UK has influenced or advised Tesco Korea, particularly, from the point of view of knowledge transfer. Since the entry of Tesco UK into Korea as a joint-venture, the retailer brand market share of Tesco Korea has continuously increased. It would be expected that Tesco UK has helped Tesco Korea to settle down in the Korean market. During interviews with Tesco and a Tesco supplier, the researcher found that Tesco Korea has obviously taken an advantage of retailing know-how created by Tesco UK. Furthermore, the retailer brand development and handling process of Tesco Korea has been operated with the help of Tesco UK. This might mean that Tesco UK has directly or indirectly an impact on the improvement of Korean retailer brand development skills. As a mechanism to transfer retailing knowledge developed in the home market into the host market, one of the international retailers, Tesco UK has adopted many different ways such as annual meeting, trading meeting to import or export own retailer brand products, offering of operation manual developed by Tesco UK and buyer cooperation between Tesco UK and Korea, in order to share information. Through these communication techniques, the knowledge of Tesco UK has been transferred to Tesco Korea. This research accordingly suggests that retailer brand market share is apparently related to how sophisticated or advanced the knowledge of the retailer brand development and handling process of retailers are. It is also demonstrated by this research that advanced development and handling skills make a considerable contribution to increasing retailer brand share in markets with a lower share or no presence of retailer brands.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.E1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

This paper presents an overview of the UK Hydrocarbon Monitoring Network and summarises some of the lessons learnt from running and automated VOC monitoring network in th UK. The paper will describe the operation of the network and the Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC) procedures used to ensure that the data qality objectives are met. The provision of accurate measurements of ambient air pollutant concentrations is a valuable and high-profile service of Governments, assisting policy decisions and allowing members of the public to be well-informed. The need for such measurements has been increased in the UK by the National Air Quality Strategy and European Air Quality Directives, with the National Networks playing a central role in delivering the information. The Hydrocarbon Network provides measurements directly in support of monitoring requirements for benzene and 1,3-butadiene, and of 23 other hydrocarbon species important for their role in ozone and secondary particulate formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.18-18
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• 1996

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

In the UK, a person or organisation that creates risk is required to manage and control that risk so that it is reduced 'So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable (SFAIRP).' How the risk is managed is to be determined by those who create the risk. They have a duty to demonstrate that they have taken action to ensure all risk is reduced SFAIRP and must have documentary evidence, for example a risk assessment or safety case, to prove that they manage the risks their activities create. The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) does not tell organisations how to manage the risks they create but does inspect the quality of risk identification and management. This paper gives a brief overview of where responsibility for occupational health and safety lies in the UK, and how risk should be managed through risk assessment. The focus of the paper is three recent major UK incidents, all involving fatalities, and all of which were wholly avoidable if risks had been properly assessed and managed. The paper concludes with an analysis of the common failings of risk assessments and key actions for improvement.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

Objectives : Traditional medicine(TM) of East Asia has been taking its status as part of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in the UK. However, the efficacy and safety issues make it hard to be accepted in the healthcare system. The aim of the research is to find out the current status of TM of East Asia in the UK and to discuss some issues around its acceptance as formal healthcare method. Methods : Articles, books and regulations related to the acceptance of TM of East Asia were analysed and the internet websites were visited such as Westlaw UK for legal materials, government websites for formal documents, and some UK-based associations. Keyword searches were followed and the essential parts from the articles and documents were generalised for the analysis and discussion. Results : Issues over TM of East Asia include identity as medicine, efficacy and safety, and the statutory regulation can be a measure for the acceptance. Osteopathy and chiropractic therapies came under statutory regulation among the CAM in the UK. Conclusions : TM of East Asia could be under the statutory regulation in the near future. Efficacy and safety issues are the challenging barrier. However, the approach from the viewpoint of TM of East Asia is necessary for development and good practice. The simplified registration procedure for traditional herbal medicinal product in EU can be the model. Education, evaluation, assessment and managing quality of practice are essential for the standard care and formal regulation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.591-597
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• 2003

Human urokinase kringle domain, sharing homology with angiostatin kringles, has been shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis, which can be used for the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and retinopathy. Here, the expression of the kringle domain of urokinase (UK1) as a secreted protein in high levels is reported. UK1 was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 by fusion of the cDNA spanning from Ser47 to Lys135 to the secretion signal sequence of ${\alpha}-factor$ prepro-peptide. In a flask culture, the secreted UK1 reached about 1 g/l level after 120h of methanol induction and was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. Amino-terminal sequencing of the purified UK1 revealed that it was cleaved at the Ste13 signal cleavage site. The molecular mass of UK1 was determined to be 10,297.01 Da. It was also confirmed that the purified UK1 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, or epidermal growth factor, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that a P. pastoris sytem can be employed to obtain large amounts of soluble and active UK1.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 1997

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of renal denervation on diuretic action of UK 14, 304, $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Agonist, administered into the vein and the carotid artery in dog. The diuretic action of UK 14, 304 administered into the vein or the carotid artery was reversed to the antidiuretic action by renal denervation, this time, the decrease of N $a^{+}$excretion amounts in urine ( $E_{Na}$ ) and the increase of N $a^{+}$ reabsorption rates in renal tubule ( $R_{Na}$ ) were exhibited. This results suggest that central diuretic action of UK 14, 304 is mediated by renal nerves and the antidiuretic action of UK 14, 304 in denervation kidney is caused by the increase of N $a^{+}$reabsorption rates ( $R_{Na}$ ) in renal tubules in dog.n dog.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.23-23
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• 1994

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 1997

We report the operation of a self-adaptive vector phase conjugate laser (VPCL) oscillator which compensates intracavity polarization distortion and wavefront aberration simultaneously. The VPCL in Nd:YAG gain media produce an output with energy of 125mJ in a 20ns single-longitudinal-mode pulse at 10Hz, which is unaffected by intracavity polarization distortion.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20.2-20.2
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• 2006