• 무역학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.53-76
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• 2017

선화증권의 위기문제를 해결하기 위해 국제적으로 전자선화증권의 도입을 위해 노력하였고 해상운송장의 사용을 권고하여 왔다. 전자선화증권을 도입하기 위한 이러한 많은 노력에도 불구하고 전자선화증권이 실무에 도입되어 사용되지 않고 있는 상황에서 미주와 유럽에서는 해상운송장을 사용함으로써 실무적으로 선화증권의 위기문제에 대처하여 왔다. 그러나 한국, 중국, 일본에서는 해상운송장의 도입보다는 권리포기 선화증권을 이용함으로써 선화증권의 위기문제에 대처하는 실무관행이 이루어지고 있다. 권리포기 선화증권은 그 이름과 달리 선화증권의 유형으로서 법적으로 인정받을 수 없다는 문제점을 안고 있으며 권리포기 선화증권의 사용유형에 따라서 각국 법원의 판결내용도 상이하게 나타나고 있어 이에 대하여 실무적으로 유의할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 권리포기 선화증권과 관련된 판례를 분석하여 유의사항을 도출함으로써 권리포기 선화증권의 이용에 따른 분쟁을 사전에 예방할 수 있도록 하는데 그 연구목적이 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.183-203
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• 2017

Two solution approaches have been suggested globally to solve the crisis of bill of lading; that is to say, electronic bill of lading and sea waybill. Electronic bill of lading is not unsettled as a solution to solve the crisis of bill of lading but sea waybill is used on a global basis to do so. The surrendered bill of lading is applied for practical usage instead of sea waybill in a short voyage among Korea, China, and Japan, owing to faster delivery at destination and lower cost than bill of lading. To surrender the original bill of lading, the consignor should submit all originals with a request letter to the carrier of goods with necessary surrender charges, if any, in doing so. Once after receiving the original bills of lading consisting of normally three originals but in some cases five, the carrier stamped "Surrendered" on the front of original bills of lading and sent a message to his counterpart at the port of destination, stating that the original bill of lading surrendered at the port of shipment and the consignee can take delivery of the goods without production of the original bill of lading at destination. The legal regime of the surrendered bill of lading is not settled as it is not considered legally as bill of lading, and the decisions rendered by each nation's courts are different according to the usages of the surrendered bill of lading. The purpose of this paper is to prevent the disputes between parties with regard to the surrendered bill of lading by studying the causes and precautions of disputes in relation to the surrendered bill of lading.

• 미국학
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2019

This paper suggests a genealogy of romance in Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker, A Gesture Life, and The Surrendered. A flexible textual performance and literary strategy spanning issues of beauty and love, romance in Lee registers the writer's distinctive diasporic negotiation with sites of departure and arrival, in particular with traumatic histories of the m/other country. Native Speaker resolves the crisis of public immigrant love within the compromise in the domestic melodrama. As Lee turns to the scenes of historical trauma in the twentieth century transpacific, romance becomes a key strategy through which his aestheticized framing and deframing of comfort woman is performed and the Korean War finds odd comfort in the aesthetic energy of perverse care in Italy. Through the dehistoricizing movement outside of the historical into the realm of myth and nostalgia, Lee's diasporic romance breaks away from mandates of representation and works within the excess of mistranslation.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.141-164
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• 2021

The Khitans were a Turco-Mongol clan who dominated China north of the Yangtze River during the early mediaeval period. They adopted and then adapted many of the cultural traditions of their powerful neighbours to the south, the Song Chinese. However, before their absorption into the Mongol Empire in the late 13^th century they proved pivotal, firstly in the eastward expansion of the armies of Chinggis Khan, secondly, in the survival of the Persian heartlands after the Mongol invasions of the 1220s and thirdly, in the revival and integration of the polity of Iran into the Chinggisid Empire. Da Liao, the Khitans, the Qara Khitai, names which have served this clan well, strengthened and invigorated the hosts which harboured them. The Liao willingly assimilated into the Chinggisid Empire of whose formation they had been an integral agent and in doing so they also surrendered their identity but not their history. Recent scholarship is now unearthing and recognising their proud legacy and distinct identity. Michal Biran placed the Khitans irrevocably and centrally in mediaeval Asian history and this study emphasises their role in the establishment of the Mongol Empire.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.231-256
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• 2016

This paper presents a case study of the Muslim diaspora through comparative analysis of Islamic tombstones from the Southeast Coast of China under Mongol rule. The locations of the nisbas in the Islamic tombstones are widely dispersed, covering Xinjiang, Transoxiana, Iran, Khorasan, Khwarazm, Armenia, Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. Unexpectedly, we did not find a single named location from India or Southeast Asia. It is well known that notable descendants of distinguished families traditionally produced officials, intellectuals, and wealthy merchants, and surrendered to the Mongols during the war against the Qara Khitai Khanate and the Khwarazm Empire. There were a great number of appointed officials with Muslim names in the Jianghuai (around Lower Yangtze) and Fujian regions. This is consistent with the concentration of epitaphs written in Arabic on the southeast coast of China. The frequent use of the specific tradition of the prophet Muhammad associating the death of the exile with martyrdom in Islamic tombstones in Quanzhou, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou indicates that the Muslims in these port cities eventually established an interregional or diasporic identity of Muslim foreighners whoimmigrated into the region.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제32권
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• pp.63-79
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• 2013

Tar Baby, Toni Morrison's fourth novel re examines the problem that black characters face in negotiatiating a place for themselves within a dominant culture, with respect to their own history and culture. The novel critiques the dominant socio economic and commodifying cultural space from which the black woman seems to have no escape. Jadine is a colonized subject, for as a fashion model she has surrendered to an aesthetics of commodification, and as a student of art history, she has internalized the capitalist ethic of the white culture industry. Though she has ensured her freedom, Morrison's critique of her separation from her family and culture is unmistakable. Interwoven with her narrative is Son's predicament, the stereotype of a black racist and her 'lover'. The novel ends with him at the crossroads of culture, yet signaling his passage to freedom through resistance. The paper arguments how Toni Morrison has envisioned the welfare of African American community by reconstructing the role of new black generation, as represented by Jadine and Son, whose new journey towards their self fulfillment just not only bring their personal freedom but also regenerates African American community by resisting dominant commodifying cultural.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.667-670
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• 1973

It has been studied over 500 cases of hypnotic susceptibility test and among them performed 15 cases of periodontal treatment under hypnoanesthesia. Conclusions were obtaines as following ; 1) The patients with chronic periodontal disease were surrendered more easily to the operator than those with acute periodontal disease. 2) bleeding was occurred much more than in drug anesthetic state and less in waking state. 3) The different depth of hypnotic state was needed to the different individual. 4) The post-operative pain did not occurred by the operators suggestion. 5. Those operation brought more rapid healing of wounds.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.203-225
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• 2008

본 연구는 입양으로 자녀를 포기한 미혼모들이 경험하는 슬픔에 대한 외적통제소, 자아존중감, 사회적지지, 입양결정과정의 영향력의 정도와 자녀관계, 슬픔대처행동에 따른 집단 간 차이를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 자녀를 입양 보내고 난 후, 미혼모 보호시설 퇴소 직전의 159명의 미혼모들의 설문자료를 다중회귀분석과 t검증을 통해서 분석하였다. 연구결과 외적통제소가 높을수록, 입양결정을 후회할수록, 미혼부의 지지가 높을수록, 미혼부의 입양 압력이 높을수록 슬픔을 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 출산 후 자녀 및 슬픔대처행동 특성에 따른 t검증에서는 수유, 이별식, 타인에게 슬픔표현, 홀로 슬픔 표현, 자녀와의 만남에 대한 기대여부에 따라서 집단 간 슬픔의 차이가 나타났다. 이를 기초로 미혼모들의 미혼모 보호시설에 머무는 기간 동안 내적통제소를 강화시키는 실천개입을 해야 하며, 미혼부와의 관계에서 해소되지 않는 감정들을 좀 더 면밀하게 다루어줄 필요성이 제기된다. 또한 퇴소 전 슬픔의 감정을 충분히 해소하고, 표현할 수 있는 개입이 이루어져야 하며, 입양결정에 대한 충분한 탐색과 입양결정을 번복한 집단에 대한 차별화된 개입이 제공되어야 할 것이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.171-194
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• 2005

The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading were drafted by the Comite Maritime International(CMI) and related specifically to EDI transfers of negotiable bills of lading. The CMI Rules are contractual in nature and the application of the CMI Rules is strictly voluntary. The method adopted in the CMI Rules to enable negotiation of the rights to cargo in a controlled method is based on the introduction of the ‘Private Key’. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. In Japan, through TEDI Project, the RSP Model is introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC(Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to analyze comparatively the CMI Rules and Bolero Bill of Lading and RSP Model of TEDI and to find the implications in this case study for quick introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

조선후기 민심을 업고 반군이 등장하게 된다. 홍경래는 지역, 신분적 차별 등을 내세워 불만세력들을 규합하여 관군과 전투를 벌이게 된다. 초전에 가산군수 정시에게 항복을 권하고 함께 반란에 참여하기를 강요하였으나 정시는 죽음으로 거부하였다. 주변 관리들은 항거하지 않고 반군에 항복하는 행태를 보였다. 홍경래의 난이 평정되었을 때 가장 피해를 본 부류는 홍경래의 선전선동에 속아 가담한 백성 2천여 명의 죽음이었다. 반란 초기에 관군의 책임자들이 적극적으로 방어하였다면 무고한 백성들의 죽음은 없었을 것이다. 반군에게 항복을 거부하고 죽음으로 대항한 가산군수 정시에 대해 역사적 재조명이 필요하다.