• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.118-118
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• 2015

플렉서블 기판을 기반으로 하는 휴대용 기기는 다양한 형태로 가공이 가능하고 가벼워 휴대가 용이하며 충격에 강하여 내구성이 좋은 장점을 가지고 있으나 플렉서블 전극 개발이 어려운 문제가 있다. 플렉서블 전극으로 그래핀, 은나노선, 금속메쉬 등의 다양한 재료, 구조에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있으며 특히 은나노선 전극은 공정이 단순하고 투과도 및 전도도가 비교적 우수하녀 가장 강력한 후보재료로 알려져 있다. 그러나 은나노선은 표면거칠기가 매우 크고 헤이즈가 발생하여 OLED 디스플레이용 전극으로 응용시 화면의 선명도가 떨어지며 은나노선 네트워크 형성시 은나노선간의 접촉저항이 증가하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근 산화그래핀을 적용하여 은나노선의 투과도, 전도도, 표면거칠기를 개선하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 은나노선과 산화그래핀 나노복합체를 형성하고 플렉서블 기판에 전사하는 공정방법을 통해 투명전극을 형성하였고 산화그래핀이 포함되지 않은 전극과 비교하여 전극의 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 주사전자현미경 측정을 통해 플렉서블 기판에 포함된 산화그래핀-은나노선 전극의 구조적 특성을 조사하였고 면저항측정을 통해 산화그래핀 처리로 인해 전기적 특성이 개선되는 결과를 확인하였다. 전도도 개선의 원인을 조사하기 위해 라만, XPS, 투과도 측정결과를 분석하여 그래핀에 포함된 pyridinic 질소가 감소하고 quaternary 질소가 증가하며 이로 인해 defect sites의 수가 감소하는 결과를 확인하였다. 산화그래핀과 은나노선의 접합부분에서 산화그래핀의 quaternary 질소가 증가하고 산화그래핀에 전하밀도를 증가하여 전도도를 향상하였다. 투과도 측정을 통해 은나노선의 가로방향 플라즈몬 공명 흡수가 산화그래핀 처리에 의해 감소한 결과를 확인하였다. 산화그래핀-은나노선 나노복합체의 전도도 향상 원인에 대한 연구는 은나노선의 플렉서블 전극 응용을 가속화하고 잠재적인 응용분야를 확대하기 위한 원천지식을 제공할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1999

It is only possible by Physical based Water Balance Models such as $BROOK_{TOP}$ developed by me to estimate regional water balances caused by changes of regional ecosystem, which result in climate change, change of vegetation due to climate change, artificial landuse change, etc. This study estimates regional water balances of mid-north agricultural and forest regions in Germany using $BROOK_{TOP}$-Water Balance Model with climate change scenarios developed by PIK in Germany and GCM Scenarios developed by Praha University in Czech. Developing Water Resource Change Estimation System such as this study for global warming with considering climate, surface and underground conditions provides the basis of system development for surface-, groundwater-, cultivation-, ecosystem-, natural emergency-management, landuse and regional planing.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercial disinfectants at inactivating Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in water. Disinfectant I contained 6.15% sodium hypochlorite, and disinfectant II contained both 2.25% n-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride and 2.25% n-alkyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. Disinfectant I was added to distilled water to obtain a range of residual chloride concentrations at 50 ppm intervals with a maximum of 1-1,000 ppm. Disinfectant II was prepared at concentrations ranging from 1-200 ppm with 5 ppm intervals. Exposure time for all solutions was 10 min. In total, 58 E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains were tested in this study. Nine isolates were obtained from clinical samples, and 49 isolates were obtained from environmental samples. Seven strains (6 clinical and 1 environmental) were able to survive in 100 ppm disinfectant I, and a maximum of 5 ppm of disinfectant II. Fifty one strains (3 clinical and 48 environmental) were not killed in 10 ppm of disinfectant I and 1 ppm of disinfectant II in water. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that clinical E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains displayed 5- to 10-fold higher resistance to disinfectants than environmental E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains. Disinfectant II, containing quaternary ammonium compounds, was shown to be more potent in inactivating E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in water used to clean infant formula manufacturing equipment than disinfectant I.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2021

Digital media technology is gradually developing with the development of convergence quaternary industrial technology and mobile devices. The combination of deep learning and augmented reality can provide more convenient and lively services through the interaction of 3D virtual images with the real world. We combine deep learning-based pose prediction with augmented reality technology. We predict the eight vertices of the bounding box of the object in the image. Using the predicted eight vertices(x,y), eight vertices(x,y,z) of 3D mesh, and the intrinsic parameter of the smartphone camera, we compute the external parameters of the camera through the PnP algorithm. We calculate the distance to the object and the degree of rotation of the object using the external parameter and apply to AR content. Our method provides services in a web environment, making it highly accessible to users and easy to maintain the system. As we provide augmented reality services using consumers' smartphone cameras, we can apply them to various business fields.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2023

The Korea Strait comprises a continental shelf in a shallow sea that experienced glacio-eustastic sea-level changes during the Quaternary period. A long core of 76.6 m in length was acquired at the South Sea Drilling Project site (SSDP-101; 34°19.666'E and 128°16.335'N) with a 60 m water deep. The uppermost massive sand beds were interpreted as sandy sediments of the nearshore marine sand ridge in the shallow sea during the transgression of sea level, whereas the lower parts of alternating sandy and muddy beds were interpreted as deposits in marsh, estuary, and tidal flat environments. A three-layered geoacoustic model was reconstructed for the sedimentary succession in the high-resolution seismic profile based on a 140-grain size and sediment type of core SSDP-101. For the actual underwater simulation and experiments, the in-situ P-wave speeds were calculated using the sound speed ratio of the Hamilton method.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.66-73
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• 2001

Yangsan fault in the southeastern part of Korean peninsula has been locally reactivated along a prexisted fault during the late Pleistocene time. Geomorphological evidence of the reactivation is revealed at the northern segment(Yugye-ri, Tosung-ri areas) of the Yangsan fault. The reactivation is distinctively characterized by fault gouge and fracture zone with high frequency in the Yugye-ri area. Obique slip separation of the area is about three meters of the middle terrace. The cumulative vertical displacement is recognized after the formation of the middle terrace. Age of the reactivated faulting is constrained to during the formation of dissected valley deposits. Average vertical slip based on paleo-event is inferred to about 0.5-0.7 meter in this area.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

The Ulsan fault with NNW-SSE strike is a very wide and long lineament about 50km along Gyeungju-Ulsan line in the southeastern part of Korea. According to previous studies the Ulsan fault was not considered as a fault but only long lineament since no displacement was found along the lineament. Recently several Quaternary faults were reported in the northeastern part of lineament, which implies the neotectonic movement in this area. We analysed drainage pattern and stream gradient using the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data for both side of Ulsan fault line to check the recent topographic changes which indicate neotectonic movement. The result shows that stream index in the eastern part of Ulsan fault is higher than the one in the western part. This means that recent tectonic movement is more active in the eastern part of Ulsan fault.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.280-280
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• 2006

Na-bentonite (local clay mineral) and Na-montmorillonite were treated with quaternary alkylammonium cations. The effect of the molecular structure and functional groups of the surfactants on the organoclays was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). For the preparation of nanocomposites, organoclays were melt-blended with polypropylene in a twin screw extruder and $Surlyn^{(R)$. ionomer was used as a reactive compatibilizer. The clay dispersions in the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD spectra showed no peak at low angle indicated that the silicate clay layer has a nearly exfoliated dispersion in the polymer matrix. Thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were higher than those of PP.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 1994

The northeastern shore of the Anmyondo consists mainly of tuff, basalt, andesite and dacite. The K-Ar ages of the two mugearites are $89.4{\pm}2.4$ Ma and $91.9{\pm}2.3$ Ma which correspond to the middle Cretaceous age. Petrochemical reviews on the volanic rocks of the Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary ages in the Korean Peninsula show that marked differences exist in chemical compositions according to the age of eruption.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2008

PET fabrics were cationized via photografting under continuous UV irradiation with a cationic monomer. The grafted PET was dyed with three acid dyes. Effect of dye concentration, dyeing time, temperature and pH on acidic dyeing of the cationized PET fabrics was assessed to find optimal dyeing condition. The cationized fabrics was successfully dyed at $75^{\circ}C$ under pH 5.5. However the dyeing sites of the grafted fabrics were nearly occupied above 5%owf dye concentration and the rapid exhaustion of the anionic dyes was observed. The dyeability of the cationized PET fabrics was increased proportionally with increasing percent grafting because of the introduction of ionic attraction between quaternary ammonium groups and acid dyes. Lower dyeability both at alkaline and pH 3 condition attributed to negative zeta potentials of the grafted fabrics and the reduced charge of the acid dyes respectively.