• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2016

이 연구는 BMI 분류기준과 9점-신체상평정척도 분류기준의 일치도를 조사하여 현장적용의 유용성을 확인하고, 여대생들이 체형에 대해 실제로 인식하고 정도를 파악하여 체형인식의 왜곡에 대한 올바른 정보와 비만의 기준에 대한 정보 제공에 목적이 있다. BMI 분류기준과 신체상평정척도 분류기준의 일치도, 그리고 여대생의 BMI에 따른 신체상 인식 정도를 알아보기 위하여 교차분석, Spearman의 등위차상관계수 및 카파통계량을 산출하였다. 분석결과 일반 여자대학생이 판정한 신체상 평정척도 분류기준과 BMI 분류기준은 통계적으로 ${\rho}=.719$(p<.001)로 높은 상관과 ${\kappa}=.506$(p<.001)로 보통 수준의 일치도를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 차후 신체상과 관련하여 인종의 특성에 따른 크기와 형태를 조정할 필요가 있으며 인구통계학적 특성이 다르거나 비만도가 높은 대상자를 선별하여 그들의 체형인식과 심리적인 측면에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness levels of Korean textile companies and develop appropriate response plans for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement. Through such, the study aims to explore practical and realistic directions that the Korean textile industry must take in the future. As for the research method, a survey on the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement was conducted to 50 Korean textile companies which mainly deal in textile exports. Results showed that Korean textile companies possess above average awareness for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement and carry the perception that the FTA has thus far had a positive effect of market revitalization and contributions to sales. Nonetheless, perceptions on the needs for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement and level of awareness were below average while government assistance seen to be unsatisfactory. Such results suggest that measures for successful access to the U.S. market require developing products customized for the U.S. market and creating new market opportunities by participating in U.S. exhibits and shows. In addition, textile companies must develop their abilities for self-sustainability through continuous FTA related programs provided by government in addition to investing efforts to understand global markets within companies through response measures on the FTA as a whole.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.3-34
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• 2019

The resumption of economic cooperation between South and the North Korea will be a new growth engine for our economy. Many Korean companies are preparing to invest in North Korea in accordance with the progress of inter-Korean relations. However, there are many risks inherent in inter-Korean economic cooperation, as experienced in previous cases. Specifically, one should be prepared for unfair measures such as the expropriation of investment assets of South Korean enterprises by North Korea authorities. Therefore, it is essential to review the protection measures of investment in North Korea and to review the investment dispute settlement system. The South and the North have an agreement to establish the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee to resolve the disputes that may arise if one party's investments are lost due to inappropriate or unfair measures due to the other party's authority. However, the Investment Agreement, which governs the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, contains a number of declarative statements that are somewhat ineffective. Even today, nearly 20 years after the adoption of the Agreement, the specific detailed procedures have shown no real progress, such as in the enactment of arbitration rules. Therefore, at present, it is difficult to expect a system that can effectively address the damage of our corporations which have invested in North Korea. When the assets freeze after the suspension of Kumgang tourism and the closure of the Kaeseung Industrial Complex by North Korea, the activation of the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee is the most important prerequisite for economic cooperation with North Korea. For this purpose, the resolution of disputes through the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee has to be made more concrete, with the effectiveness of the dispute settlement system enhanced by means of various efforts.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.187-203
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of non-tariff barriers on the Free Trade Agreement. Currently, it has achieved significant export effects by signing free trade agreements with many countries in Korea. However, most countries have implemented non-tariff barriers to protect their industries. This study analyzes the effects of non-tariff barriers in counterpart countries that have signed a free trade agreement. Design/methodology/approach - For analysis, first, prior studies were summarized, and second, the current status of free trade agreements and non-tariff barriers were identified. And, based on the current situation, the relationship between non-tariff barriers and export volume was analyzed. The targets of analysis are the United States, China, and Vietnam, which are Korea's three largest exporters. As for non-tariff barriers, anti-dumping tariffs, countervailing tariffs, and emergency import restrictions were analyzed as import regulatory measures. Findings - In the case of the United States, it can be seen that the decline in textiles, steel and electronics sectors is even greater. In the case of China, it can be seen that exports declined after imposing non-tariff barriers in the steel sector. Finally, it can be seen that exports declined after Vietnam implemented a non-tariff barrier on the steel sector. It was found that non-tariff barriers offset the effects of the Free Trade Agreement. Research implications or Originality - Currently, Korea has free trade agreements with numerous countries. However, after the free trade agreement entered into force, the number of annual average import regulation investigations for Korean products is on the rise. In the end, the implementation of non-tariff barriers is offsetting the effects of free trade agreements. Therefore, when signing a free trade agreement, it is necessary to thoroughly prepare for import regulatory measures such as the insertion of provisions of non-tariff barriers.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2023

Purpose - This paper examines whether the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on undervalued foreign currency is legally consistent with the WTO's SCM Agreement. Design/methodology - The study uses a methodology that involves analyzing relevant WTO agreements, prior panel reports, Appellate Body decisions, and other legal documents. Findings - The findings suggest that to impose countervailing duties, certain legal requirements must be met, including financial contribution, benefit, and specificity. The paper also notes that when calculating the benefits of undervalued foreign currency, losses from import activities due to currency undervaluation must be considered. Additionally, classifying all exports to the US under specific industries or business groups is likely to be inconsistent with the SCM Agreement. Originality/value - Even the US countervailing measures on exchange rate subsidies may not comply with WTO regulations due to incorrect calculation of benefits and a lack of specificity, however, it suggests that when intervening in the foreign exchange market, the measures should aim to achieve only minimum policy goals.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2012

두 평정자간 평가의 일치정도를 나타내는 합치도로 Cohen (1960)의 ${\pi}$, Scott (1955)의 H, 박미희와 박용규 (2007)의 등 많은 통계량이 제안되어왔다. 모의실험을 통하여 균형적 주변분포에서의 명목형과 순서형 합치도, 두 가지 역설이 발생하는 불균형 주변분포에서의 명목형 합치도들의 편의, 표준오차, 평균오차제곱 분산, 변이계수를 비교한 결과, 모든 경우에서 AC1과 H의 표준오차와 변이계수가 가장 작게 나타났다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.119-134
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• 2019

This study focuses on a recent WTO SPS dispute related to Korea Import Bans and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides (DS495) in order to learn from the case and take proactive measures to prevent potential import restrictions by Japan on Korean seafood. Korean-Radionuclides (Japan) emphasizes the importance of sufficient scientific evidence, especially scientific information from relevant international organizations, in an effort to take preventive measures towards Japan's restrictions on Korean seafood imports. Japan claims that a novel parasite, Kudoa septempuctata, in Korean flatfish causes food poisoning. As food poisoning is a serious concern, there is a low possibility that Japan's enhanced monitoring measures would be more trade restrictive than required as prescribed in Article 5.6 of the WTO SPS Agreement. In addition, Korea is the biggest exporter of olive flounder to Japan. Hence, the possibility that similar conditions could be established is low in relation to non-discriminatory principles under the WTO SPS Agreement. Accordingly, we should collect relevant scientific evidence, improve domestic sanitary management of fishery products, and seek export diversification so that we prepare for potential import restrictions by Japan and minimize implications.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-120
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• 1997

The official talks on the amendment of the Korean - Japanese Fisheries Agreement which was concluded in 1965 are under way since 1996. The convention area of the existing fisheries agreement is the high sea, but it should be changed to the exclusive economic zone(EEZ) for the newly amended fisheries agreement. Accordingly, the fundamental policies to be embodied within the amended fisheries agreement are summarized as follows : 1. One of the basic doctrine of the new agreement should be the formulation of a device of international cooperation for the fishery development as well as the conservation and management of the fishery resources. 2. The preparation of the future-oriented international relationship which reflects the specific character of the fishery relationship between both countries. 3. The existing fishery results of both parties should be protected on the ground of the reciprocity principle. 4. Both parties should reach an agreement upon the joint conservation and management measures for the transboundary fishery resources. 5. In consideration of the difficulty of EEZ delimitation between both countries, a provisional fisheries agreement can be an alternative measure.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-71
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• 2021

Many different approaches and databases have been developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements (FTAs). This paper is devoted to the EU-South Korea agreement, which is the first 'second-generation' FTA of the EU, addressing a wide array of non-tariff policies. We review the evolution of NTM types applicable to the EU-South Korea trade relationship and the role of NTMs in ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the agreement. Subsequently a structural gravity model is employed to assess the value added of information on different aspects of FTAs and types of NTMs by evaluating their ability to predict the trade effects of the EU-South Korea FTA. Our results show that, when accounting for information on the components common in modern deep trade agreements, no additional trade effect is attributable to the EU-South Korea FTA. The evolution of NTMs differs considerably across indicators used, but trade predictions are hardly affected. Most specifications point towards a negative effect of bilateral differences in the number of technical barriers to trade (TBT) applied and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) against which trading partners issued complaints at the WTO.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.957-963
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• 2004

A new agreement measure for multivariate interval data by different sets of raters is proposed. The proposed approach builds on Um's multivariate extension of Cohen's kappa. The proposed measure is compared with corresponding earlier measures based on Berry and Mielke's approach and Janson and Olsson approach, respectively. Application of the proposed measure is exemplified using hypothetical data set.