• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.468-475
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• 2020

A good acoustic word embedding that can well express the characteristics of word plays an important role in wake-up word detection (WWD). However, the representation ability of acoustic word embedding may be weakened due to various types of environmental noise occurred in the place where WWD works, causing performance degradation. In this paper, we proposed triplet loss based Domain Adversarial Training (tDAT) mitigating environmental factors that can affect acoustic word embedding. Through experiments in noisy environments, we verified that the proposed method effectively improves the conventional DAT approach, and checked its scalability by combining with other method proposed for robust WWD.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1985

The filtering ability of $J_0$ and $J_1$ digital linear filters is compared by means of an adaptive linear filter. Any $J_0$ domain Hankel transform integral can be transformed mathematically into its corresponding $J_1$ domain integral. The apparent resistivities for any electrode configuration employed in resistivity soundings can be evaluated with a single $J_1$ filter. The $J_1$ filter usually has similar accuracy to, but shorter length than, the corresponding $J_0$ filter. The domain transformation from $J_0$ to $J_1$ enables us to use effective expressions of apparent resistivity, involving $J_1$ alone, not only for Schlumberger but also for dipole-dipole array.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.481-489
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• 2016

Method of characteristic(MOC) has been widely used as a transient analysis technique for pressurized pipeline systems. There are substantial studies using MOC for the water hammer triggered through instantaneous valve closures, pump stoppage and pump startup for pipelines systems equipped with a centrifugal pump. Considering restrictions of MOC associated with courant number condition for complicated pipeline systems, an impulse response method(IRM) was developed in the frequency domain. this study implements the impact of centrifugal pump using transfer function in frequency domain approach. Using pump performance curve and the affinity law, this study formulated transfer functions which relate complex pressure head at upstream of pump system to that of downstream location. Simulations of simple reservoir-pump-valve system using IRM with formulated transfer function were similar to those obtained through MOC.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.563-580
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• 2012

We modify the formulation of a recently developed absorbing boundary condition (ABC), the perfectly matched discrete layers (PMDL), to incorporate the excitation coming from the exterior such as earthquake waves. The modified formulation indicates that the effect of the exterior excitation can be incorporated into PMDL ABCs (traditionally designed to treat only interior excitation) simply by applying appropriate forces on the nodes connected to the first PMDL layer. Numerical results are presented to clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency, perceived importance and competence of pediatric emergency nursing practice (PENP) in nurses who cared for pediatric patients in the emergency department. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study analyzed 175 emergency department nurses caring for pediatric patients at 7 university hospitals with more than 500 beds, located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The measurement tool was modified from the Classification of Standard Nursing Activities to measure the frequency, importance of PENP, and nursing competence. It comprised 143 items in 16 domains of PENP. Results: The most frequent nursing practice was the domain of 'nursing records and environmental management' and the least frequent practice was the 'research and consulting' domain. The nursing care domain perceived to be most important by nurses was 'specialized intensive nursing care'. The nursing care domain with the highest level of nursing competence was 'hygiene care', and the domain with the least level of nursing competence was the 'research and consulting'. Conclusion: These results will be utilized as basic data for future pediatric emergency nursing education initiatives and for establishing priorities of nursing policy to improve health care for children admitted to the emergency department.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe the perception on the importance of parental role by mothers with infants, and to analyze the differences of those perception depending on the mothers' and infants' characteristics. Method: Data were collected from 240 mothers of infants visited at one public health center in Gangreung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify the parental role. Results: The mean score for perception on the importance of parental role was 139.89, and item mean for caring performance ability domain 4.43, environmental organization for development domain 4.38, acceptance domain 4.26, responsibility domain 4.21점, knowledge for caring domain 4.19, sensitivity 4.16, provision of stimulus and involvement 4.01. There were significant differences in the perception of parental role according to spouse relationship, father's participation in child rearing, experience of parental role education, and infant's temperament. Conclusion: The experience of childhood is highly affected by the quality of the parental role. It is important to identify parents' perception of parental role. Therefore, the parental role education program are necessary.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

An overall responding security-centered framework is necessary required for infringement accidents, failures, and cyber threats. On the other hand, the correspondence structures of existing administrative, technical, physical security have weakness in a system responding to complex attacks because each step is performed independently. This study will recognize all internal and external users as a potentially threatening element. To perform connectivity analysis regarding an action, an intelligent convergence security framework and road map is suggested. A suggested convergence security framework was constructed to be independent of an automatic framework, such as the conventional single solution for the priority defense system of APT of the latest attack type, which makes continuous reputational attacks to achieve its goals. This study suggested the next generation convergence security framework to have preemptive responses, possibly against an APT attack, consisting of the following five hierarchical layers: domain security, domain connection, action visibility, action control, and convergence correspondence. In the domain, the connection layer suggests a security instruction and direction in the domains of administrative, physical and technical security. The domain security layer has consistency of status information among the security domain. A visibility layer of an intelligent attack action consists of data gathering, comparison and decision cycle. The action control layer is a layer that controls the visibility action. Finally, the convergence corresponding layer suggests a corresponding system of before and after an APT attack. The administrative security domain had a security design based on organization, rule, process, and paper information. The physical security domain is designed to separate into a control layer and facility according to the threats of the control impossible and control possible. Each domain action executes visible and control steps, and is designed to have flexibility regarding security environmental changes. In this study, the framework to address an APT attack and load map will be used as an infrastructure corresponding to the next generation security.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.70-85
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• 1992

Relaxation technique is an independent nursing intervention used in various stressful situations. The concept of relaxation must be explored for the meaning given by the people in their traditional thought and philosophy. Korean relaxation technique, wanting to become culturally acceptable and effective, is learning to recognize and develop Korean concepts, experiences, and musics of relaxation. This study was aimed at discovering Korean concepts, experiences and musics of relaxation and contributing the development of the relaxation technique for Korean people. The subjects were 59 mursing students, 39 hospitalized patients, 61 housewives, 21 rural residents and 16 researchers. Data were collected from September 4th to October 24th, 1991 by interviews or questionaires. The data analysis was done by qualitative research method, and validity assured by conformation of the concept and category by 2nursing scientists who had written a Master's thesis on the relaxation technique. The results of the study were summerized as follows; 1. The meaning of the relaxation concept; From 298 statements, 107 concepts were extracted and then 5 categories "Physical domain", "Psychological domain", "Complex domain", "Situation", and "environment" were organized. 'Don't have discomforts, 'don't have muscle tension', 'don't have energy(him in Korean)', 'don't have activities' subcategories were included in "Physical domain". 'Don't have anxiey', 'feel good', 'emotional stability', 'don't have wordly thoughts', 'feel one's brain muddled', 'loss of desire' subcategories were included in "physical domain" 'Comfort body and mind', 'don't have tension of body and mind', 'be sagged' 'liveliness of thoughts' subcategories were included in "Complex domain". 'Rest', 'sleep', 'others' subcategories were included in "Situation domain". And 'quite environment' & 'comfortable environment' subcategories were included in "Environmental domain". 2. The experiences of the relaxation; From 151 statements, 59 experiences were extracted. And then 9 categories-at rest after physical activities, after problem solving, fancy, bathing in the bed, situation, rest, particular time, others-were organized. 3. The musics of the relaxation; From 229 statements, 108 musics were extracted. and the 9 categories- Western classical music, semi classical music, Korean song, Korean popular classical music, song, western popular sonhg, hymn, characteristics of music, others - were organized. In conclusion, There are some differences between Korean concepts, experiences and musics of relasation and western concepts, experiences and musics of relaxation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1119-1131
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• 2016

As a first attempt, an inverse hybrid numerical method for small scale parameter estimation of functionally graded (FG) nanobeams using measured frequencies is presented. The governing equations are obtained with the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity assumptions and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The equations are discretized by using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The discretized equations are transferred from temporal domain to frequency domain and frequencies of the nanobeam are obtained. By applying random error to these frequencies, measured frequencies are generated. The measured frequencies are considered as input data and inversely, the small scale parameter of the beam is obtained by minimizing a defined functional. The functional is defined as root mean square error between the measured frequencies and calculated frequencies by the DQM. Then, the conjugate gradient (CG) optimization method is employed to minimize the functional and the small scale parameter is obtained. Efficiency, convergence and accuracy of the presented hybrid method for small scale parameter estimation of the beams for different applied random error, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratio and volume fraction coefficients are demonstrated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 2014

Perfectly matched layers are employed in time harmonic analysis of dam-foundation systems. The Lysmer boundary condition at the truncation boundary of the PML region has been incorporated in the formulation of the dam-foundation FE model (including PML). The PML medium is defined in a way that the formulation of the system can be transformed into time domain. Numerical experiments show that applying Lysmer boundary conditions at the truncation boundary of the PML area reduces the computational cost and make the PML approach a more efficient technique for the analysis of dam-foundation systems.