• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the use of Korean Medicine for treating cauda equina syndrome. Methods We searched for studies of the use of Korean Medicine for the treatment of cauda equina syndrome in 8 electronic databases and analyzed these studies. Results We found 297 studies on cauda equina syndrome from 8 electronic databases. We excluded 230 duplicate studies, 53 studies that did not involve the use of Korean Medicine and 1 review article. In addition, 13 case studies (13 patients) were included. Acupuncture, herbal medicine (13 times), moxibustion (9 times), pharmacopuncture (8 times), physical therapy (6 times), cupping therapy (5 times), and the bladder stimulation technique (4 times) were used. ST36 for acupuncture, Bojoongikgi-tang as a herbal medicine, CV4 for moxibustion, bee venom as a pharmacopuncture material and BL23 in pharmacopuncture point were the most frequently used. Conclusions Korean Medcine for cauda equina syndrome was effective. However, we found limited evidence regarding Korean Medicine for cauda equina syndrome. Thus, we think various type of studies including much more case reports, for cauda equina syndrome should be performed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.392-397
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• 2018

In this paper, the ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized according to the process conditions of hydrothermal synthesis. When the molar ratio of Zn to S was 1:1.2, it was confirmed that it had a cubic single phase and a high crystal phase. After the molar ratio is fixed, hydrothermal synthesis was conducted at $180^{\circ}C$ for 24, 36, 72 and 96 h in order to confirm the structural change with the change of hydrothermal synthesis times. As the hydrothermal synthesis times increased, the particle size increased. The hydrothermal synthesized particle size for 72 h was considered to be suitable for sintering. The ZnS ceramic had a density of 99.7% and an excellent transmittance of ~70% in the long-wavelength region.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2017

In this paper, we studied the design and fabrication of $2{\times}2$ microstrip array antenna at around 5 GHz band.. To improve of frequency properties of antenna, feed microstrip patch antenna was simulated by HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator). A $2{\times}2$ array antenna was designed and fabricated by photolithograph on an FR4 substrate (dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm). The fabricated $2{\times}2$ array antenna showed a center frequency, the minimum return loss and bandwidth were 5.3 GHz, -24dB, and 390MHz, respectively.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

In this paper, a feature extraction and object recognition algorithm using only morphological operations is proposed. The morphological operations used in feature extraction are erosion and dilation, opening and closing combining erosion and dilation, and morphological edge and skeleton detection operation. In the process of recognizing an object based on features, a pooling operation is applied to reduce the dimension. Among various structuring elements, $3{\times}3$ rhombus, $3{\times}3$ square, and $5{\times}5$ circle are arbitrarily selected in morphological operation process. It has confirmed that the proposed algorithm can be applied in object recognition fields through experiments using Internet images.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1837-1844
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• 2016

This paper proposes an antenna of the fork type structure that operates in the UWB (Ultra Wide Band) frequency band (3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz). The proposed antenna is attached a circular patch in order to obtain the UWB band characteristics to the fork-type patch antenna. The ground plane is implemented in a arc-shape configuration. The effect of various parameters of the modified fork type radiating patch and partial arc ground plane for UWB operation is investigated. The proposed antenna is made of $34.0{\times}50.0{\times}1.0mm^3$ and is fabricated on the permittivity 4.4 FR-4 substrate. The experiment results shown that the proposed antenna obtained the -10 dB impedance bandwidth 8200 MHz (2.7 ~ 10.9 GHz) covering the UWB bands. This result satisfied the characteristics of ultra-wideband and the proposed antenna will be applicable to an ultra wideband system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

In this paper, a TRS band(Trunked Radio System: $806{\sim}866\;MHz$) array antenna has a good front-to-back ratio characteristics for the mobile communication base station is proposed. The proposed array antenna is composed of the $5{\times}3$ radiated elements which are the microstrip dipole antennas with the cavity-backed reflector. For the validity of the proposed antenna, the $5{\times}3$ array antenna is designed, fabricated, and its radiation characteristics are measured. As a result of measurements, the antenna gain is over 13.3 dBi and the front-to-back ratio is over 40 dB at the useable frequency band. We confirm that the designed antenna can be used as the mobile communication base station antenna with the excellent back lobe characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.11 s.114
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2006

In this paper, the circuit analysis of three-dimensional bandpass filter with transmission zero in multi-layer printed circuit board is presented. The equivalent circuit of bandpass filter is evaluated by microwave network analysis. Compare to the established paper that have configured the circuit model of filter except the effect of distribute element, the proposed model can include the effect. As a result, the multi-layer PCB bandpass filter with transmission zero has designed by extracting mutual capacitance from electrical component inside inductor. The structure size is only $10mm{\times}20mm{\times}1.251mm$. Measured data of the bandpass filter indicate 1.9 dB of insertion loss and 28 dB of return loss at the center frequency of 1.84 GHz, as well as 43 dB attenuation at the refraction frequency of 2.78 GHz.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.416-421
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• 2008

A scheme for predicting the concentration of a glucose solution based on its relative optical absorbance at multiple probe wavelengths was proposed and verified. The relative absorbance at each of the probe wavelength was obtained with respect to the absorbance at a reference wavelength. The single reference wavelength (1310 nm) and a group of four different probe wavelengths (1064, 1550, 1685, 1798 nm) were selected to exhibit the glucose absorbance with opposite signs, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the prediction. The final glucose concentration was estimated by taking the average of the predicted values provided by the four probe wavelengths. The absorbance of the glucose solution for the path length of 5 mm was $-1.42{\times}10^{-6}\;AU$/(mg/dL) at the reference wavelength of 1310 nm and peaked at $+8.12{\times}10^{-6}\;AU$/(mg/dL) at 1685 nm. The concentration of the glucose solution was decently predicted by means of the proposed scheme with the standard error of prediction of ${\sim}28\;mg/dL$. In addition, the influence of the ambient temperature and the fat thickness upon the prediction of the glucose concentration was examined. The absorption change with the temperature was $-9.1{\times}10^{-5}\;AU/^{\circ}C$ in the temperature range of $26{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ at the reference wavelength, and $-2.08{\times}10^{-2}\;AU/^{\circ}C$ at 1550 nm. And the absorption change with respect to the fat thickness was +1.093 AU/mm at the probe wavelength of 1685 nm.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2000

A new triode type Ti-silicided Si FEA(field emitter array) was realized by Ti-silicidation of Ti coated Si FEA and its field emission properties were investigated. In the fabricated device, the field emission properties through the unit pixel with $200{\mu\textrm{m}}{\times}200{$\mu\textrm{m}}$ tip array in the area of $1000{\mu\textrm{m}}{\times}1000{$\mu\textrm{m}}$ were as follows : the turn-on voltage was about 70V under high vacuum condition of $10^8Torr$, and the field emission current and steady state current degradation were about 2nA/tip and 0.3%/min under the bias of $V_A=500V\;and\;V_G=150V$. The low turn-on voltage and the high current stability during long term operation of the Ti silicided Si FEA were due to the thermal and chemical stability and the low work function of silicide layer formed at the surface of Si tip.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.7 s.361
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this paper, the spiral zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) antenna using composite right- and left-handed (CRLH) transmission line is proposed. The zeroth-order resonant characteristics of the antenna are described by dispersion relation of a periodic structure. The size of the $2{\times}2$ spiral ZOR antenna is $0.155{\lambda}_{0}{\times}0.155{\lambda}_{0}$. By increasing shunt inductance of CRLH transmission line, the size of this antenna is reduced by 65% compared with that of a mushroom ZOR antenna. The radiation pattern of this antenna have omnidirectional pattern which is similar to that of mushroom ZOR antenna.