• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1106-1115
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• 2009

Mori Ramulus has multiple applications in Korean traditional medicine prescription because it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing macrophage activities. Yet, no studies on the anti-arthritic activity of EMR (extract of Mori Ramulus) have been reported in vitro and in vivo. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells in affected joints, which ultimately leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Because collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is similar to RA in pathological symptoms and immune reactions, there have been several reports concerning RA using CIA mouse model. Here, we investigated the effects of Mori Ramulus on RA using CIA mice. The importance of CD4+ Th1 cells in RA progress was previously indicated and studies further showed that Th17 cells play a prime role in severity of disease. Accordingly, the present study was focused on CIA associated with CD4+ Th1 cells and Th1 7 cells. DBA/1OlaHsd mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII). After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with EMR once a day for 4 weeks. The severity of arthritis within the paw joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Immune cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), draining lymph node (DLN) and paw joints, cytokine production and gene expression were assessed from CIA mouse using ELISA, FACS and real-time PCR analysis. Administration of EMR significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-17 in the serum. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with EMR. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EMR significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and that this action was mediated by the decreased production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-17 and collagen II-specific antibody in the serum. EMR suppressed Th17 cells and reduced level of IL-6 via B cell suppression, and thus, the levels of autoantibodies produced from B cells were decreased. Furthermore, EMR suppressed NKT cells which directly stimulate B cells and develop imbalance of Th1/Th2 cell. Oral administration of EMR (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg) used as a positive control. We are currently studying the mechanism underlying the therapeutic role for EMR in CIA mice.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7-like cytokine that is an important trigger and initiator of many allergic diseases. TSLP promotes a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine response that can be pathological. A relationship is formed both at the induction phase of the Th2 response through polarization of dendritic cells to drive Th2 cell differentiation and at the effector phase of the response, by promoting the expansion of activated T cells and their secretion of Th2 cytokines and TSLP. In transgenic mice with TSLP overexpression, it has been reported that TSLP leads to the development of mixed cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In addition, TSLP can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. From our knowledge of the role of TSLP in the kidney, further studies including the discovery of new therapies need to be considered based on the relationship between TSLP and glomerulonephritis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7229-7234
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• 2014

Trichoderma spp. are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activity belonging to a variety of classes of chemical compounds. These fungi also are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of antibiotic substances and to parasitize other fungi. In search for new substances, which might act as anticancer agents, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum cultural filtrates against human cervical and breast cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7 cells respectively). To achieve this objective, cells were exposed to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml of both T. harzianum cultural filtrate (ThCF) and T. asperellum cultural filtrate (TaCF) for 24h, then the cell viability and the cytotoxic responses were assessed by using trypan blue and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Morphological changes in cells were investigated by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed that ThCF and TaCF significantly reduce the cell viability, have cytotoxic effects and alter the cellular morphology of HeLa and MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. A concentration of 80 and 100mg/ml of ThCF resulted in a sharp decline in the cell viability percent of HeLa and MCF-7 respectively (25.2%, 26.5%) which was recorded by trypan blue assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of ThCF and TaCF in HeLa and MCF-7 were recorded as 16.6, 12.0, 19.6 and 0.70mg/ml respectively by MTT assay. These results revealed that ThCF and TaCF have a substantial ability to reduce the viability and proliferation of human cervical and breast cancer cells.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2015

The pregnancy and abortion process involves a complex mechanism with various immune cells present in the implantation sites and several hormones associated with pregnancy, such as leptin, ghrelin and nesfatin-1. However, the mechanism underlying spontaneous abortion by maternal T helper 17 (Th17) present in the implantation sites and nesfatin-1, which is of anorexigenic hormones, is not fully understood so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the possible roles of Th17 cells present in the implantation sites and nesfatin-1 expressed in the uterus on spontaneous abortion using the $CBA/j{\times}DBA/2$ mouse model. Th17 transcription factor, ROR-${\gamma}t$ mRNA expression was significantly increased in the abortion sites compared with the implantation sites of abortion model mice on day 14.5 and 19.5 of pregnancy. In addition, the expression levels of IL-17A mRNA were significantly higher in abortion sites than in implantation sites on day 14.5 and 19.5. Moreover, the nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein and mRNA levels were increased in abortion sites compared with levels in implantation sites of both normal pregnant and abortion model mice on day 14.5 of pregnancy. Interestingly, nesfatin-1/NUCB2 serum levels were not changed throughout the whole pregnancy in abortion model mice, but its serum level was dramatically increased on day 14.5, and then rapidly decreased on day 19.5 in normal pregnant mice. In this study, we showed for the first time the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein in implantation sites during pregnancy. The present results suggest that Th17 cells in the uterus may play an important role in the period of implantation and for maintenance of pregnancy. Furthermore, the present results suggest that Th17 cells in implantation sites may be a key regulator for maintenance of pregnancy and provides evidence that activation of these cells may be regulated by nesfatin-1/NUCB2. Further study is needed to elucidate the role of nesfatin-1 expressed in the uterus during pregnancy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.823-830
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• 2023

Lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium and used in the dairy food industry. The ameliorating effects of Lactobacillus species on atopic dermatitis (AD) have been extensively studied, but the specific effect of L. lactis strains has not yet been investigated. In this study, the efficacy of L. lactis LB 1022, isolated from natural cheese, was evaluated using RAW 264.7, HMC-1 and HaCaT cell lines and an ovalbumin-sensitized AD mouse model. L. lactis LB 1022 exhibited nitric oxide suppression and anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Oral administration of L. lactis LB 1022 to AD mice significantly reduced the levels of IgE, mast cells, and eosinophils, and a range of T cell-mediated T helper Th1, Th2, and Th17-type cytokines under interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In addition, L. lactis LB 1022 treatment increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Overall, L. lactis LB 1022 significantly modulated AD-like symptoms by altering metabolites and the immune response, illustrating its potential as candidate for use in functional food supplements to alleviate AD.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

Colorectal carcinoma is occurred frequently to Korean and so ranked the fourth from various cancers. Due to western dietary life, this cancer has been increased continually. Therefore, the study will be needed to find a candidate gene involved in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma and to diagnose and treatment helpfully. The striking feature from cancer suppressor genes is known for LOH (loss of heterozygosity), which is the method to find allele genetic loss or mutation of cancer cell. The purpose of this study was designed to find a carcinogenic gene from colon cancer using microsatellite marker on 17th and 18th chromosome from 30 subjects. The LOH was investigated in order of D18S59 57% (17/30), TP53CA 50% (15/30), D18S68 47% (14/30), D18S69 43% (13/30). The genetic mutation depends on loci of colorectal carcinoma was shown higher with 2.44 from colon cancer than with 1.25 from right colorectal carcinoma (p<0.032). The genetic mutation with lymph nodes was investigated higher with 2.69 at mutated group than with 1.14 at non-mutated group (p<0.003). At genetic mutated pattern depends on disease stage, there was higher significant difference at III-IV stage 2.50 than that of I-II stage 1.17, respectively (p=0.015). There was no difference at comparison between histological classification and serological CEA increase. The loss on 18q21 found in this study is highly recurrence loci and was observed 43% for Korean with high recurrence. Therefore, LOH is a very useful tool to detect 18q21 loci in clinical application, prior to the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. After the operation of colorectol carcinoma, the efficient application using LOH at operated part tissue which is designed to protect the recurrence as well as its cure will be needed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1974

Author has studied and reported on taxonomy of Korean sedges, using gross morphology, anatomy and epidermal patterns of the leaf blades(1969, 1971, 1973, 1974). This paper is the 6th report of epidermal patterns of leaf blade on sedges and includes 5 genera, Eriophorum, Fuirena, Kobresia, Rhynchospora and Scirpus. The author proposed to find epidermal patterns of leaf blades as an important taxonomic characteristic of sedges classification. The result of this study, the elements of leaf epidermis, subsidal cells, silica body, cell wall of long cell, prickles, and arrangement of the elements are considered to be significant characteristics for the identification and classification of sedge.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.159-175
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• 1998

1. 연구배경 최근 놀라운 과학기술의 발전에 힘입어 난치병이라고 생각되어 오던 질환들이 하나씩 정복되어 가고 있으나 평균수명의 연장, 생활수준 향상으로 인한 고지방식, 스트레스 및 과학기술발전의 부작용 등을 이유로 새로운 질환들이 나타나고 있는 실정이다. 종양도 이런 대표적인 질환중 하나로 최근 경제적, 시간적으로 많은 투자를 해왔으나 아직까지 그 발생원인이나 성장기전 등이 자세히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 효후(哮吼)를 치료하는 청상보하환(淸上補下丸)을 이용하여 흑색종의 폐전이 억제능과 이에 의한 면역증강에 관하여 연구하고자 하였다. 2. 연구결과 B-16 세포를 이용한 C57BL/6계 마우스에 있어서의 폐전이 억제능을 측정한 결과 청상보하환(淸上補下丸) 투여군이 대조군에 비해 검액처리 7일후에는 52.70%, 14일후에는 19.43%의 유의성있는 억제율을 보였으며, 청상보하환(淸上補下丸)의 B-16 세포에 대한 직접적인 항암작용을 알아 보기 위한 시험관내 세포독성 실험에서는 청상보하환(淸上補下丸)의 용량이 $5{\mu}g/well$, $2.5{\mu}g/well$, $1.25{\mu}g/well$, and $0.625{\mu}g/well$인 경우 유의성있는 효과를 얻을수 있었으며 생존율에 의한 $IC_{50}$은 $2.17{\mu}g/well$이었다. NK-activity를 측정한 결과 청상보하환(淸上補下丸) 투여군이 작동세포와 표적세포의 비율이 100:1, 50:1의 경우에 있어서 $72.63{\pm}5.17%$, $26.94{\pm}2.43%$를 보여 대조군에 비하여 각각 31.12%, 43.68% 유의성있는 증가를 보였다. IL-2의 생산능을 측정한 결과 청상보하환(淸上補下丸) 투여군은 $1392.00{\pm}22.31pg/ml$을 보여 대조군에 비해 4.04%의 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1985

대구지방의 위암에 대한 병리조직학적 연구의 목적으로 대구 일원의 의료기관에서 수집한 위내시경 표본과 위절제수술 표본에 의해 위암으로 확진된 350예 및 130예의 조직학적 유형과 연령 분포는 다음과 같다. 1. 위내시경 표본 350예 중 선암이 344예 (98.3%)로서 대부분을 차지하였으며 편평상피암과 미분화암은 불과 6예 (1.7%) 뿐이었다. 선암 중에서는 tubular type가 215예(61.4%)로서 가장 많았고, 다음이 signet-ring cell type으로 92예(26.3%)이었다. 연령 분포는 50세대가 가장 많이 발생하여 120예 (34.3%), 마음이 60세대로 81예 (23.1%), 40 세대가 76예 (21.7%), 70세대가 33예 (9.4%), 30세대가 32예 (9.1%), 20세대가 8예 (2.3%) 등의 순위였다. 2. 위절제수술 표본 130예중 가장 많은 조직학적 유형은 역시 선암으로 127예 (97.7%) 였고, 만성소화성 위궤양에서 발생한 것이 3예 있었다. 선암 중에서는 tubular type이 86예 (66.2%)로 제일 많았고 마음이 signet-ring cell type였다. 연령분포는 50세대에서 50예 (38.5%)로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 마음 60세대가 36예 (17.7%), 40세대가 21예 (16.2%), 30세대가 11예 (8.5%), 70세대가 6예 (4.6%), 그리고 10세대에서 l 예(0.8%) 있었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2014

T cells are central players in the regulation of adaptive immunity and immune tolerance. In the periphery, T cell differentiation for maturation and effector function is regulated by a number of factors. Various factors such as antigens, co-stimulation signals, and cytokines regulate T cell differentiation into functionally specialized effector and regulatory T cells. Other factors such as nutrients, micronutrients, nuclear hormones and microbial products provide important environmental cues for T cell differentiation. A mounting body of evidence indicates that the microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have profound effects on T cells and directly and indirectly regulate their differentiation. We review the current status of our understanding of SCFA functions in regulation of peripheral T cell activity and discuss their impact on tissue inflammation.