• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta (rhTGF-${\beta}2$) / poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) treated titanium discs by electrospray. Materials and methods: Anodized titanium surface coated with PLGA was used for a control group to compare anodized titanium surface coated with 125 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml rhTGF-${\beta}2$ as test groups. Atomic force microscope (AFM) test was utilized to determine the difference in coating surface roughness, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was taken to visualize even distribution of coating particles on titanium discs. The mesenchymal stem cell proliferation was tested by using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay on 1st, 4th, 7th days. Results: According to AFM results, there was no statistically significant difference in titanium discs treated with PLGA and with rhTGF-${\beta}2$/PLGA (P>.05). MTT assay test results showed that there was statistically significant difference in mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on test groups compared to control groups at 7th day, and cell viability on discs coated with rhTGF-${\beta}2$ was significantly higher than control groups (P<.05). Conclusion: Titanium surface coated with rhTGF-${\beta}2$/PLGA shows statistically significant higher cell proliferation and the titanium surface coated with the higher concentration of rhTGF-${\beta}2$ presents faster cell growth activity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to observe the responses of the remaining pulp tissue after pulpotomy upon the several kinds of $Ca(OH)_2$ products and the responses of periapical tissue upon some root canal filling materials after extirpation. For pulpotomy, the class V cavities were prepared on the premolars, molars and upper canines, and the pulp was amputated. Each drug was placed over the amputated tissue and cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. The drugs which were used for the study were Dycal (Caulk Co. U.S.A.), Cavitec (Kerr Co. U.S.A.), Calvital, Nobudyne and Neodyne (Neo Dental Chemical Products). For extirpation, the endodontic cavities were prepared on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, and the pulp tissues were extirpated as routine method. After enlarging, irrigation, and measuring of root length by taking X-ray, each root canal filling material was filled in the canal with gutta percha cone, and endodontic cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. Zinc oxide eugenol, $Ca(OH)_2$ (Eli Lilly Co. U.S.A.) and Vitapex (Neo Dental Chemical Products) were used as root canal filling materials. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 3 and 6 weeks following the operation. The teeth were decalcified in formic acid, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Microscopic examination revealed as follows. 1. Dycal: The dentin bridge formation was observed at the 3rd week after pulpotomy. Inflammatory conditions which were infiltration of inflammatory cells and dilatation of blood vessels were kept in remaining pulp tissue at the 6th week. 2. Calvital: The dentin bridge was observed at the 1st week after pulpotomy. As the time clasped, the pulp tended to be the fibrous degeneration. 3. Cavitec, Nobudyne and Neodyne: In the case of Cavitec and Nobudyne, the incompleted and irregular dentin bridge was observed at the 6th week, and in Neodyne, was observed at the 3rd week. The severe inflammatory changes were seen in the remaining pulp tissue. As the time clasped, the fibrous degeneration tended to spread in the remaining pulp tissue. 4. $Ca(OH)_2$: Osteocementum was formed at the 3rd week, the matrix of cementum and dentin were resorted, and infiltration of lymphocytes was seen in periapical tissue when $Ca(OH)_2$ was used as canal-filling materials. S. ZOE and Vitapex The cementum like substance was seen in periapical portion at the 1st week, when ZOE and Vitapex were used as root canal filling materials. As the time elapsed, the matrix of cementum and dentin tended to be resorted. At the 6th week, the inflammatory condition of periapical tissue was continued in the case of ZOE, but was reduced in the case of Vitapex.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 2002

For the purpose of evaluating the biocompatability of 3 kinds of metallic materials frequently used in pediatric dentistry (stainless steel crown, orthodontic band, orthodontic wire), cellular and molecular studies, including cell growth and proliferation, screening of cell death with determination of types whether necrosis or apoptosis and changes in expressions of related signaling molecules were examined, using cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), HGF-1 was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. among which the 3rd to 6th generations of HGF-1 were used. The specimen were divided into stainless steel crown (R), band (B) and wire (W). The immunocytochemical study was done for the detection of anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) labeling. With extracted protein, western blot was done for the detection of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, using individual antibodies. Cultured cells proliferated, remarkably till 7 day and slightly at 11 day. There was no statistical significance in the counts of proliferating HGF-1 between control and experimental groups (p>0.05). Relative growth rates were no statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups (p>0.05). PCNA labeling indexes showing similar patterns in control and experimental groups. The expressions of ERK1 and ERK2, p38 were similar in control and experimental groups. The expression of JNK increased at 1st day, slightly decreased at 4th day and markedly increased at 7th and 11 day. Although the patterns of control and experimental groups were similar, the increased expressions of JNK at late period suggest a possible stress due to inhibited cell growth and proliferation, and worse culture condition. Conclusively, the 3 kinds of metal specimens used in this study did not induce cellular and molecular hazards during short term culture of HGF-1. But, for the better clinical stability, the establishment of long period culture and animal experiment was thought necessary.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

There is no established treatment for esophageal carcinoma with metastasis. For the metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, chemotherapy or best supportive care according to patient's performance status are accepted as an available treatment. We report a case of complete remission after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with metastatic lesion in 5th thoracic vertebrae. A 57-year-old man with ongoing dysphagia and weight loss was admitted to our hospital. On the endoscopic and radiologic imaging evaluation,the patient was diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus with solitary metastatic lesion in 5th thoracic vertebrae. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin) and concurrent radiotherapy for two months to relieve dysphagia. Because metastatic lesion in thoracic vertebrae was located near the primary esophageal tumor, the metastatic lesion could be included within the radiation field. After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, consecutive 4 cycles of chemotherapy had been carried out. Primary esophageal tumor with metastatic lymph nodes and metastatic lesion in 5th thoracic vertebrae disappeared on follow up computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT). Follow up endoscopic biopsy revealed no remnant malignant cells at previous primary cancer lesion.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2016

Techniques were developed for holding and conditioning of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in a closed recirculating system. Experimental adults were used 500 oysters ( x two system, total 1,000 oysters) which were collected in $20^{th}$ March 2016 from long-line aquaculture farm at the south coast of Korea. During conditioning periods concentrated live microalgae as Isochrysis sp. $15{\times}10^7cells/mL$, Tetraselmis sp. $2{\times}10^7cells/mL$ and Pheaodactylum sp. $18{\times}10^7cells/mL$ were added 5 L every day, respectively which micro algae were functioned as diets and biological filter. Over all experimental periods total water exchange rate was 21.3% (daily 0.5%). Over 42 days conditioning, female and male oysters were maturated 90.9% and 94.4%, respectively. Survival rate was 98.7%. Mean shell hight (8.3 mm), total wet weight (19.2 g), meat wet weight (5.0 g) and shell wet weight (13.6 g) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Water quality parameters including the water temperature ($22.1{\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$), salinity ($24.9{\pm}04$), dissolved oxygen (5.1-7.9 mg/L) and pH ($7.93{\pm}0.15$) were kept stable. Concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrient as ammonia (1.96-0.35 mg/L), nitrite (0.03-0.16 mg/L), nitrate (1.34-0.47 mg/L), DIP (0.42-0.03 mg/L) and silicate (3.83-0.00 mg/L) were significantly decreased throughout experiment except nitrite which was increased (P < 0.05), but nitrogenous components stayed below toxic levels (ammonia 0.0-5.5 mg/L, nitrite 0.0-460.0 mg/L) which indicated that closed recirculation system with microalgae based bio-filter could supply sufficiently environment condition to holding and conditioning of oyster.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.349-355
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• 2008

Anticancer and immuno-modulatory activities of methanol extracts from different parts, bark, wood and leaf, of Cornus macrophylla Wall. were investigated in this study. All extracts at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml showed relativity low cytotoxicities on human normal kidney cell (HEK293) by approximately 25%. Bark extract of C. macrophylla showed the highest anticancer activity on human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by 57.4% and 58.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml. All extracts enhanced the growth of human B and T cells, showing 38.7% and 65.9% increase compared to control, respectively, by 5 days incubation with bark extract. The secretions of interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) from human B and T cells were significantly increased by extracts, especially bark extract. B or T cell medium, which contains cytokines (IL 6 and TNF-$\alpha$) secreted by bark extract treatment for 5 days, time-dependently enhanced the growth of NK-92MI cells with the maximal effect at 5th day of incubation. These results suggest that C. macrophylla, especially bark, has the potential for anticancer and immuno-modulatory activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.780-787
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• 2006

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, which characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms. Internationally, the prevalence of asthma has been increased over last 3 decades. Recently, several studies of asthma have been reported with gradually increasing importance. To tesify the hypothesis that interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 may be an important determinant of the severity of airway inflammation, their expression was studied in mouse model of asthma. BALB/c mouse, IL-4 Knockout (KO) mouse and IL-10 KO mouse were sensitized with intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin adsorbed to aluminum potassium sulfate, followed by challenges with intranasal ovalbumin on 3 consecutive days. The severity of pulmonary inflammation was assessed by eosinophilia in BAL fluid, number of total BAL cells, histopathological changes in lung tissues, and immunohistochemical staining against IL-4 and IL-10. In BAL fluid, the number of total cells was significantly increased in asthma induced mouse compare to the control. In asthma induced mouse, eosinophil was increased to 56% and neutrophil was 0.2%. In H &E stains, eosinophilic infiltration and epithelium hyperplasia were clearly noticed in asthma induced mouse. In immunohistochemical staining for IL-4 and IL-10, there was no positive reaction in control group. However, very strong reactions were appeared in asthma induced group. In this research, IL-4 and IL-10, which seem to play a central role in allergic asthma, KO mouse was utilized to test the causative relationship between airway inflammation and role of specific cytokine. Asthma induced IL-4 and IL-10 KO mice showed much decreased inflammatory reactions in the number of total BAL cells, in eosinophilic infiltration, and in immunohistochemical stains against diverse inflammatory proteins. These results suggest that IL-4 and IL-10 increase the asthmatic reactions in vivo mice model.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Hibiscus cannabinus L. is a plant in the Malvaceae family, that was seeded at June 1st in 2010 and harvested at November 18th. The present study was designated to investigate the safety for host cells, antibacterial effects of Hibiscus cannabinus L. of flower (HCME-F) or leaf (HMEF-L) methanol extract for typical Gram's positive bacteria (St. aureus and Str. epidermidis) or Gram's negative bacteria (S. typhimurium and E. coli). In treatment of different concentrations of HCME-F or HMEF-L (1, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$), cytotoxic effects were not shown to RAW 264.7 cells until 24 h incubation. In determination of antibacterial activity of HCME-F or HMEF-L, the antibacterial activities for St. aureus and Str. epidermidis were markedly increased compared to that of untreated control group, but antibacterial activity of HCME-F or HMEF-L for S. typhimurium and E. coli were not changed. Taken together, we demonstrated that methanol extract of HCME-F or HMEF-L showed the safety for RAW 264.7 cells and antibacterial activities for Gram's positive pathogenic bacteria St. aureus and Str. epidermidis. These findings suggest that a methanol extract of Kenaf flower or leaf may be useful alternatives of conventional chemotherapies for dermatitis and mastitis causing Gram's positive pathogens such as Stapylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. in domestic animals and humans.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1990

Cryptosporidium, a coccidian parasite first described by Tyzzer (1907) from a laboratory mouse, has become an important human enteric pathogen causing overwhelming diarrhea especially in immunocompromised patients such as AIDS. This parasite has been reported from over 20 countries and is recognized as a cosmopolitan species. In Korea, however, thEre has been no report on human as well as animal cryptosporidiosis. This study was performed so as to verify the presence of Cryptosporidium in Korea by activating the parasite from laboratory mice by immunosuppression. Total 65 conventionally.bred ICR mice including a control (5 mice) and 3 experimental groups (20 each) were used for this study. Group I was immunosuppressed with Prednisolone injection (1 mg IM, every other day) for 7 weeks. Group II (prednisolone injection and tetracycline administration) and Group III. (prednisolone injection and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration) were prepared to observe the effect of antibacterial agents on the activation of cryptosporidiosis. In fecal examinations of mice Cryptosporidium oocysts($4-6{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in size) were detected from 1 week after the start of immunosuppression and the mice began to die. In H-E stained tissue sections of the lower jejunum, numerous very small ($2~4{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$), dense, ovoid or spherical, slightly basophilic bodies were seen attached on the free border of mucosal epithelial cells. In scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations, these organisms were identified as various developmental stages of Cryptosperidium. The species is considered to be C. parvum. Cryptosporidiosis was activated not only in Group I but also in Group II and III, indicating no protective effects of the antibacterial agents used, although the mice in Group II and III lived longer than those in Group I. The present study confirmed that Cryptosporidium exists in laboratory mice bred in Korea, and predicts possible occurrence of human cryptosporidiosis in Korea.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Purpose : To investigate the effects of irradiation on the calcium content and calcific nodule formation in the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line. Materials and Methods : Cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2,4 and 8 Gy at a dose rate of 5.38 Gy/min using a Cs-137 irradiator. After irradiation, the calcium content and calcific nodule formation were examined on the 1 st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week. Results : A decreasing dose-dependent tendency of the cell proliferation rate was found in all irradiated groups of this experiment when compared with the unirradiated control group. In accordance with the duration of culture, there was no significant difference in the cell proliferation rate after irradiation of 2 Gy when compared with the unirradiated group, however a decreasing tendency was found in 4 Gy- and 8 Gy-irradiated groups. While an increase in total calcium content after irradiation of 2 Gy was found at week 1, week 2, and week 4, there was a decrease in calcium content at week 1 through 4 in the 8 Gy- irradiated group. Calcific nodule formation was increased in irradiated experimental groups when compared with the unirradiated control group in the 2 Gy-irradiated group, but decreased in the 4 Gy- and 8 Gy-irradiated groups at the same stage. Conclusion : The results showed a mild increasing tendency of the calcific nodule formation after irradiation of 2 Gy. However, a decreased calcific nodule formation in 4 Gy- and 8 Gy-irradiated groups was found. Taken together, the irradiation of 2 Gy mildly activated bone formation, however 4 Gy or 8 Gy suppressed bone formation by decreasing cell numbers in the MC3T3-El osteoblastic cell line.