• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position -2 in the Kozak sequence of the TFF1 gene is associated with H. pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer in Koreans. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 167 patients with gastric cancer from January 2000 to December 2003 and also 299 healthy controls during the same period. The genotype of the TFF1 SNP was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and single strand conformation polymorphism. We also examined the H. pylori infection by Giemsa staining. Results: No significant difference in the allele or the TFF1 SNP genotype frequency was observed between the patients with gastric cancer and the control subjects (P=0.595 and P=0.715, respectively). When stratified by the histological subtype of gastric cancer and the age of the patients, the risk was not statistically significant between the two study groups (P=0.088 and P=0.551, respectively). H. pylori infection was detected in 39 cases and it was not associated with the TFF1 genotype. Conclusion: These findings suggest that this TFF1 gene polymorphism is not associated with H. pylori infection and gastric cancer in Koreans and so it doesn't contribute to the susceptibility to gastric cancer in Koreans.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2018

Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1, also known as pS2) is strongly expressed in the gastrointestinal mucosa and plays a critical role in the differentiation of gastric glands. Since approximately 50% of all human gastric cancers are associated with decreased TFF1 expression, it is considered a tumor suppressor gene. Tff1 deficiency in mice results in histological changes in the antral and pyloric gastric mucosa, with severe hyperplasia and dysplasia of epithelial cells, resulting in the development of antropyloric adenoma. Here, we generated Tff1-knockout (KO) mice, without a neomycin resistant ($Neo^R$) cassette, using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRSIPR/Cas9) system. Though our Tff1-KO mice showed phenotypes very similar to the previous embryonic stem (ES)-cell-based KO mice, they differed from the previous reports in that a reduction in body weight was observed in males. These results demonstrate that these newly established Tff1-KO mice are useful tools for investigating genetic and environmental factors influencing gastric cancer, without the effects of artificial gene insertion. Furthermore, these findings suggest a novel hypothesis that Tff1 expression influences gender differences.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

We has designed, fabricated, and measured a Single flux quantum (SFQ) toggle flip-flop (TFF). The TFF is widely used in superconductive digital electronics circuits. Many digital devices, such as frequency counter, counting ADC and program counter be used TFF Specially, a program counter may be constructed based on TFF We have designed the newly TFF and obtained high bias margins on test. In this work, we used two circuit simulation tools, WRspice and Julia, as circuit optimization tools. We used XIC for a layout tool. Newly designed TFF had minimum bias margins of +/- $37\%$ and maximum bias margins of +/-$37\%$(enhanced from +/- $37\%$). The designed circuits were fabricated by using Nb technology The test results showed that the re-optimized TFF operated correctly on 100kHz and had a very wide bias margins of +/- $53\%$.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.4-9
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• 2001

Purpose: The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) has a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or ethanol. In addition, a TFF1 knockout mouse model has exhibited circumferential adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, of which $30\%$ progressed into frankly invasive carcinomas. We tried to determine whether the expression pattern of the TFF1 could be involved in the development of sporadic gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We examined TFF1 expression in a series of 43 sporadic gastric carcinomas and 18 gastric adenomas by immunohistochemistry. Results: Strong positive TFF1 staining was identified primarily in the normal gastric mucosa, mainly in the cytoplasm of the superficial and foveolar epithelium. We found TFF1 expression in $55.8\%$ (24 out of 43) of the gastric carcinomas and in $16.7\%$ (3 out of 18) of the gastric adenomas. Statistically, TFF1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse-type ($82.4\%$) than in intestinal-type ($38.5\%$) carcinomas(p=0.0058, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: Our findings provide sufficient evidence that the expression of TFF1 in gastric cancer may simply disclose gastric-type differentiation of neoplastic cells and provide further support for the existence of at least two pathways of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa: one via intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous dysplasia, leading to glandular carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, and the other via hyperplastic changes or de novo changes, leading to diffuse carcinomas and to a subset of glandular carcinomas displaying gastric-type differentiation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

Most publications on friction stir welding describe phenomena or results with given process parameters like feed rate, rotation speed, angle and depth of penetration. But without a complete documentation of tool design, the results under the same process parameters are completely different. For this purpose, the Institute of Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes (tff), University of Kassel investigated the influence of tool roughness on the friction stir welding process. Therefore a defined surface finish was produced by turning and die sinking. As basis of comparison the constant parameters were rotation speed, feed rate, tilt angle and a heel plunge depth. Sound butt-welds were produced in aluminium alloy 6082 (AlMgSi1) with 1.5 mm sheet thickness with a turned reference tool with a surface of $Ra=0.575{\mu}m$ in position controlled mode. The surfaces are manufactured from a very fine to a very rough structure, classified by the VDI-classes with differences in the arithmetical mean roughness. It can be demonstrated with the help of temperature measures, that less heat is generated at the surfaces of the shoulder and the pin by the higher roughness due to lower active friction contact surface. This can also be seen in the resulting wormhole defects.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 2001

We designed a high temperature superconducting rapid single flux quantum(RSFQ) T flip-flop(TFF) circuit using Xic and WRspice. According to the optimized circuit parameters, we fabricated the TFF circuit with $Y_1$$Ba_2$Cu$_3$$O_{7-x}$(YBCO) interface-controlled Josephson junctions. The whole circuit was comprised of five epitaxial layers including YBCO ground plane. The interface-controlled Josephson junction was fabricated with natural junction barrier that was formed by interface-treatment process. In addition, we report second design for a new flip-flop without ground palne.e.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 2006

We have fabricated a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) hybrid-integrated optical sub-assembly of a triplexer using a thin film filter (TFF)-attached wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and photodiode (PD) carriers. Two types of TFFs were attached to a diced side of a silica-terraced PLC platform, and the PD carriers with a $45^{\circ}$ mirror on which pin-PDs were bonded were assembled with the platform. A clear transmitter eye-pattern and minimum receiver sensitivity of -24.5 dBm were obtained under 1.25 Gb/s operation for digital applications, and a second-order inter-modulation distortion (IMD2) of -70 dBc was achieved for an analog receiver.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.406-409
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• 2003

In this paper, a 4-wavelength optical transceiver system is designed and implemented by using TFF (thin film filter) type OADMs (optical add-drop multiplexers). In this new system, the wavelengths of 1510 nm and 1530 nm are used for uploa and download signals, respectively, as well as the wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm which have been utilized in a 2-wavelength optical transceiver systems. The 4-wavelength optical module show pass characteristics of -1.6 dBm, -1.7 dBm, -5.6 dBm, -5.8dBm for 1510nm, 1530 nm, 1550 nm, 1570 nm, respectively, with 1.2 dBm of input laser power. The isolation for characteristics of the optical module for all the wavelengths are less than -40dB, which is very acceptable for filed requirements.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

We describe the optimal design and the fabrication of a 2$\times$2 port optical device based on the thin film filter (TFF), and also propose a 4-channel OADM module using these devices. The optical performance of the proposed OADM module is evaluated theoretically and experimentally, and is compared to that of typical OADM modules using 1$\times$2 port optical devices for 4, 8, 16 and 32 drop channels in optical transmission systems. Since the 2$\times$2 port optical device accomplishes the function of wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing simultaneously in the proposed OADM module, the insertion loss of through channels can be improved by 1.2 dB compare to that of typical OADM modules using 1$\times$2 port optical devices. In addition, both the size and the price of the module can be reduced to 40~50%.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

This study proposed LDP (Local Directional Pattern) as a new local micro pattern for facial expression recognition to solve noise sensitive problem of LBP (Local Binary Pattern). The proposed method extracts 8-directional components using $m{\times}m$ mask to solve LBP's problem and choose biggest k components, each chosen component marked with 1 as a bit, otherwise 0. Finally, generates a pattern code with bit sequence as 8-directional components. The result shows better performance of rotation and noise adaptation. Also, a new local facial feature can be developed to present both PFF (permanent Facial Feature) and TFF (Transient Facial Feature) based on the proposed method.