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전산화단층촬영검사와 일반촬영검사의 방사선 선량에 대한 인식도 조사 (The Survey for Awareness of Radiation Dose of CT and General X-ray Examination)

  • 주영철;임청환;정홍량;유인규;조한별;양오남;김민철;윤준
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2012
  • 서울소재 'S'병원에서 근무중인 방사선사를 대상으로 병원 근무경력 및 CT검사실 근무 경험 유 무, 현재 사용하고 있는 방사선 선원의 종류에 따른 CT검사와 일반촬영검사의 방사선 선량과 위험성에 관한 인식도 조사를 통해 CT검사의 위험성에 대한 각성을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 영상의학과에 근무하는 방사선사 중 131명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 연구가설 검정을 위한 자료를 수집하였고, 설문문항의 Cronbach @계수는0.825988과0.767161로 나타났으며, p-value의 기각률은<0.05로 하였다. 연구가설검정을 위해 SAS 9.1(SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.)통계패키지를 이용하여 Mann-Whitney test와 Kruskai-Wallis test, Two sample T-test, Two sample T-test with Bonferroni's Correction, One-way ANOVA 통계분석방법 등을 이용하였다. CT검사와 일반촬영의 선량에 관한 가설의 각 p-value 값은 0.2291~0.9663의 범위로 나타났고, CT검사와 일반촬영검사의 위험성에 관한 가설의 각 p-value 값은 0.1924~1.0000의 범위로 나타났다. 모든 연구가설의 p-value값이 기각률(<0.05)을 상위하여 나타났으며, 현재 'S'병원에 근무중인 방사선사들은 근무경력 및 CT검사실 근무경력 유무, 현재 사용하는 방사선 선원의 종류에 관계없이 일반촬영 보다 CT검사가 선량이 많으며, 위험하다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

국내 휘발유 자동차의 증발가스 배출 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Evaporative Emission Characteristics of Korean Gasoline Vehicles)

  • 박준홍;박영표;임윤성;이종태;김정수;최광호
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 2011
  • Hydrocarbons which are the main sources of VOCs from motor vehicles are emitted not only from the engine exhaust gas but also from evaporation of the fuel in storage and supplying systems. Evaporative emissions from gasoline fuel systems could be classified by diurnal, hotsoak and running loss. Diurnal loss test procedures are different as countries. Korea introduced new evaporative regulation in 2009 with 24hour VT-shed test procedure and relaxed emission standards. The estimations on different test procedures in this study show that the new Korean regulation get a little more severe than before and the 2 day diurnal loss test of U.S. is the most severe. So the test procedures as well as the stronger standards should be considered in the next evaporative emission regulation to reduce VOCs from motor vehicles. The important parameters to affect evaporative emissions are air and fuel temperature and fuel vapor pressure. Diurnal loss increases exponentially as rising air temperature and vapor pressure. The effects of vapor pressure on running loss are different as the capacities of canisters. Tests with simulating real temperature and driving conditions show that hydrocarbons in evaporative emissions could be more than those in exhaust gas in summer season because of the higher air temperature.

원격 조종 항공기 시스템의 인증 표준화 전략 (A Strategy on Standardization of RPAS Airworthiness Certification)

  • 유병선;신동진;장재호;박정민;강자영
    • 한국항행학회논문지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2018
  • 현재 국내의 무인항공기 기술은 첨단성과 산업 경쟁력 측면에서 모두 항공 선진국에 비해 뒤쳐져 있지만 무인항공기를 기존의 유인 항공 체계에 편입하고 산업에 응용하고자 하는 세계적 노력을 방관만 할 수 없는 실정이다. 무인항공기는 기존의 항공 체계에 비교적 새로운 시스템이지만, ICAO는 체약국들과 항공업계가 무인항공시스템을 좀 더 이해하고 활용을 촉진할 수 있도록 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 특히 무인항공기시스템을 원격조종항공기시스템(RPAS)과 기타의 무인항공기시스템으로 분류하고, 가까운 장래에 RPAS를 유인항공기 영역에 통합해서 운용하기 위한 표준화 작업을 선도하고 있다. 이러한 취지에서 ICAO는 RPAS의 글로벌 운용을 위한 표준화를 추진하게 되었고, 본 연구에서는 ICAO 표준화 활동을 포함한 국내 RPAS 인증체계 구축 전략 연구를 수행하게 되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 RPAS 안전에 대한 국내외 규제 프레임워크를 분석하고 국내 RPAS 인증 체계 구축을 위한 전략을 제시하였다.

만성 정신분열병 환자들의 인지 기능과 정서 인식 능력의 관련성 (The Relationship between Neurocognitive Functioning and Emotional Recognition in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients)

  • 황혜리;황태연;이우경;한은선
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.155-164
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    • 2004
  • Objective:The present study examined the association between basic neurocognitive functions and emotional recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, to Investigate cognitive variable related to emotion recognition in Schizophrenia. Methods:Forty eight patients from the Yongin Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center were evaluated for neurocognitive function, and Emotional Recognition Test which has four subscales finding emotional clue, discriminating emotions, understanding emotional context and emotional capacity. Measures of neurocognitive functioning were selected based on hypothesized relationships to perception of emotion. These measures included:1) Letter Number Sequencing Test, a measure of working memory;2) Word Fluency and Block Design, a measure of executive function;3) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Korean version, a measure of verbal memory;4) Digit Span, a measure of immediate memory;5) Span of Apprehension Task, a measure of early visual processing, visual scanning;6) Continuous Performance Test, a measure of sustained attention functioning. Correlation analyses between specific neurocognitive measures and emotional recognition test were made. To examine the degree to which neurocognitive performance predicting emotional recognition, hierarchical regression analyses were also made. Results:Working memory, and verbal memory were closely related with emotional discrimination. Working memory, Span of Apprehension and Digit Span were closely related with contextual recognition. Among cognitive measures, Span of Apprehension, Working memory, Digit Span were most important variables in predicting emotional capacity. Conclusion:These results are relevant considering that emotional information processing depends, in part, on the abilities to scan the context and to use immediate working memory. These results indicated that mul- tifaceted cognitive training program added with Emotional Recognition Task(Cognitive Behavioral Rehabilitation Therapy added with Emotional Management Program) are promising.

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학습동기가 시험 스트레스와 스트레스 대처 양식에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Learning Motivation on the Stress Coping Style and Stress of Test)

  • 장철;이은혜;천지수
    • 대한통합의학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : In this study, we selected three research subjects to attempt to clear learning motivation of college students is what impact the stress coping style and stress test. First, age, gender, the future career after graduation, the presence or absence of part-time job is, its impact on learning motivation. Second, learning motivation is what effect the stress of the test. Third, based on the motivation of learning, how deal pursuing efforts form the social support, the center of the problem-solving approach, seeking to avoid the reaction to stress how different form. Methods : K University occupational therapy and one, two, three grade 100 students (male 22 people, female 78) to target age, sex, and after graduation, part-time status, motivation, stress, stress coping style questionnaire for distribution and was written. Results : First of all, women's social support form graduation course, more robust than pursue blank after the synchronization uncertainty and stress, and graduated from the trading center and avoid the use of career, more form. Second, motivation and stress test, a difference between the notice could not see. Third, the higher the motivation of learning, problem-solving, Action form to the center to use as many as you, but avoid using too much in the center form is addressed. Conclusion : As a result of the study that came out of the course after graduating from ensure that learning motivation is high, the more the uncertainty, the more to cope with stress in the center of the form to avoid form address was used. Because of this, the student careers after graduation, to make sure that can help you to compare efforts over is believed to be necessary.

NSWC를 활용한 유공압 액추에이터 U 형 씰의 수명예측 (Life Prediction of Elastomeric U Seals in Hydraulic/Pneumatic Actuators Using NSWC Handbook)

  • 신정훈;장무성;김성현;정동수
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제38권12호
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    • pp.1379-1385
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    • 2014
  • 제품의 수명시험 전에 소요될 시험시간을 대강이라도 예측할 수 있으면 비용을 측정하여 시험을 어떻게 진행할지 판단하는데 도움이 된다. 기계부품의 경우의 신뢰도예측은 시스템의 고장 혹은 열화 메커니즘이 복잡하고 보편적인 데이터베이스가 존재하지 않기 때문에 수행이 난해하다. 본 연구는 유압 액추에이터와 공압 액추에이터에 각각 설치되는 탄성 U 형 씰을 대상으로 수명예측을 NSWC에서 제안하는 고장물리를 고려한 고장률 모형과 현장 데이터베이스를 활용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과들을 검증하기 위해 예측된 수명과 시험된 수명데이터들을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 고장률 모형에 포함된 각종 계수 값들을 결정하는 과정과 씰의 수명에 영향을 주는 인자들의 개별 민감도를 분석하고 그 미비점을 고찰하였다.

유산균 발효 쌍화탕에 대한 단회 투여 경구 독성 및 유전 독성 연구 (Single Dose Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicological Safety Study of Ssanghwa-tang Fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus)

  • 정태호;심기석;김동선;이재훈;마진열
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.67-83
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the single dose toxicity with oral administration and genotoxicities of Ssanghwa-tang fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus. Materials and Methods: Clinical signs, weight changes, lethal doses$(LD_{50})$, and postmortem evaluation were determined by Globally Harmonized Classification System(GHCS) in a single-dose oral toxicity study. In vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test was conducted with Ames test by cell proliferation suppression assessment using the cultivated CHO-K1(Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast) origins. Bacterial reversion assay was performed using Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). In vivo micronucleus test was performed using ICR mouse bone marrow. Results: No clinical sign was observed and none of the groups with doses up to 2000 mg/kg showed significant acute oral toxicity in the single dose oral administration. None of the sample doses taken during the 6 to 18 hour groups showed significant aberrant metaphases comparing to the negative control group in the in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test. No evidence of mutagenicity was seen for Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) or Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537). No significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei was seen in the micronucleus test. Conclusion: These results indicate that the $LD_{50}$ value of Ssanghwa-Tang fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus may be over 2000 mg/kg and it have no acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity.

트레드밀 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행, 균형 및 체간조절에 미치는 영향 (The effect of independent treadmill training on gait, balance and trunk control in a patient with chronic stroke)

  • 윤성익;천승철;이주상;정신호;이덕성;오덕원;심재훈;이규완
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treadmill training on gait, balance, and trunk control in a patient with hemiparesis. A female subject who had suffered a left hemiparesis 12 months previously was selected for this study. A single subject ABA design was used. Eight data-collection sessions were conducted during each of three phases (baseline-intervention-withdrawal). During baseline and withdrawal phases, the treatment based on Bobath approach was performed for the subject, and during the intervention phase, treadmill walking training was added. Assessment tools were made using the 10 m walk test, Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment(RVGA), Berg Balance Scale(BBS), and a seated Lateral Reach Test(LRT). During the intervention phase, the time measured in 10 m walk test and the scores of RVGA and BBS were significantly improved, and the number of steps in 10 m walk test and LRT showed a small improvement. During withdrawal phase, the time measured in 10 m walk test and the scores of RVGA and BBS were shown the carry-over effect. This findings indicate that treadmill training has significant effect to gait function and balance in a patient with chronic hemiparesis.

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Utilizing the grazing effect of fresh water clams (Unio douglasiae) for the remediation of algal bloom during summer

  • Nam, Ki-Woong;Lee, Jeong-Ryul;Park, Kyung-Il
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2015
  • The occurrence of 'algal bloom', caused by the mass proliferation of phytoplankton, causes serious problems in streams and lakes in Korea. Therefore, in this study, the phytoplankton filter-feeding trait of Unio douglasiae, a type of freshwater clam, was used to reduce the algal bloom in outdoor water tanks during the summer. This involved the construction of a U. douglasiae cultivation apparatus, wherein 1,000 clams were divided into 8 rectangular baskets arranged in the shape of an empty square. The control tank was manufactured in exactly the same shape within the water tank, but without the addition of clams. The algal bloom-reducing effect of U. douglasiae was confirmed by the measurement of (and comparing between) the water quality at the center and periphery of the test and control cultivation apparatus. Water quality measurements included the measurement of water temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) content, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ concentrations; the water quality was measured twice a month between June and November 2014.The results of these analyses did not show a significant difference in water quality (temperature, pH, turbidity, DO) between the center and periphery of the test and control tanks. However, the chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ concentration was observed to be much lower at the center of the test tank compared to that at the center and periphery of the control tank, as well as at the periphery of the test tank. This was believed to be a result of the U. douglasiae surrounding the center of the test tank, which prevented the influx of plankton from the periphery. Accordingly, the results of these analyses suggest the possibility that U. douglasiae cultivation could reduce the proliferation of algal blooms in lakes and streams during the summer. In particular, these results indicate possible improvements in U. douglasiae activity (reduction in algal blooms) by their effective arrangement in the water bodies.

다양한 마취하 용량에서 케타민에 의해 유발된 청소년기 및 성체 마우스의 행동학적 변화 (Ketamine-Induced Behavioral Effects Across Different Sub-Anesthetic Dose Ranges in Adolescent and Adult Mice)

  • 최형준;임수정;박해리;이성미;김철응;류승형
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2020
  • Objectives Ketamine has been reported to have antidepressant effects or psychotomimetic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral effects of ketamine treatment at various sub-anesthetic doses in adolescent and adult naïve mice. Methods In each experiment for adolescent and adult mice, a total of 60 male Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were intraperitoneally treated with physiological saline, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg ketamine for consecutive 3 days. At 1 day after last injection, the locomotor and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated in mice, using open field test (OFT) and forced swim test (FST), respectively. Results In case of adolescent mice, ketamine dose was negatively correlated with total distance traveled in the OFT (Spearman's rho = -0.27, p = 0.039). In case of adult mice, we found significant positive correlation between ketamine dose and duration of immobility in the FST (Spearman's rho = 0.45, p < 0.001). Immobility time in the 50 mg/kg ketamine-treated mice was significantly higher compared to the saline-treated mice (Dunnett's post-hoc test, p = 0.012). Conclusions We found that the repeated treatment with ketamine could decrease the locomotor or prolong the duration of immobility in mice as the dose of ketamine increased. Our findings suggest that sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine might induce schizophrenia-like negative symptoms but not antidepressant effects in naïve laboratory animals.