• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.277-293
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to provide basic materials required to enforce and develop welfare policies, as well as the health system, for the aged, by surveying the status of health care utilized by the daily increasing old population and the importance of receiving physical therapy. Data that need in this research was gathered from over ages of 65, during the period from Jan 4, 1996 to Jan 31, using the inquiries previously made by geriatric researchers and through literatures investigator by this writer. The data were analyzed by $X^2$, Z-test, Likert scale. The findings were as follows : 1) General characteristics of subjects. People in the age group between 65 and 69 were 55.6% and the highest number, while male were 37% and female 63%. Analysis of income group disclosed 60.6% whose monthly income, including the pocket money given by children, was less than 200,000 won. 91.1% of the elderly people surveyed owned houses; only 36.4% live with spouses; while 15.6% live alone. 2) Characteristics with respect to utilization of health care institution. 56% of the total medical institutions used by the elderly people were clinics and the rates of chronic disease and musculoskeletal disease were 73.2%. 3) Characteristics with respect to approach of health care institution. 45.1% of the respondent stated it took 20 minutes to arrive at hospital, and bus accounted for 48.6% of all transportation means used to go to hospital. 4) Degree of cognition with respect to the rights of geriatric patients. (1) There is no financial support from the government for geriatric patients(71.4%). (2) Government financial support is needed for geriatric patients(95.3%). (3) Have never been regionally surveyed or called upon for interviews with respect to treatment desire and problems relating to geriatric patients(87.2%). (4) Health and medical policies for geriatric patients must be established rapidly(98.4). (5) Expansion and construction of specialized medical facilities for geriatric patients such as elderly hospital and medical center are needed(90.2%). (6) Government's welfare policies for the elderly people is insufficient(82.0%) 5) Degree of cognition on importance of physical therapy with respect to geriatric patient. (1) Physical therapy is considered most effective in treating geriatric patients(82.9%). (2) Physical therapists specializing in only elderly people must be need of separately(76.2%). (3) It is desirable for medical specialists to visit geriatric patients at home to provide physical therapy(82.9%). (4) Hospitals specializing in physical therapy for geriatric patient are required(85.6%). Based on the result for this research, the following suggestions are presented to facilitate the utilization of health care institution for the welfare of geriatric patients. Medical facilities such as elderly hospital and geriatric patient's medical center specializing in elderly people must be constructed as early as possible; and home-visiting physical therapist system must be important to treat chronic geriatric patients; our government must establish policies to provide the old ages with means for the health care and curing chronic diseases, and carry out the plans of reasonable distribution and effective untilization of medical resources.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.312-324
• /
• 2008

상용 냉장고에서 새로 설계된 힌지 키트 시스템(HKS, Hinge Kit System)을 개선하기 위하여 새로운 강인 방법론을 연구하였다. 이 방법은 결함 모드, 시장에서의 메카니즘, 가속수명시험법(ALT, Accelerated Life Test)을 이용한 다양하게 개선된 HKS의 설계변수 등을 고려한 것이다. 시장에서의 결함 반품 조사와 첫 번째 ALT 시험을 통한 공통적 크랙 부위는 HKS의 하우징 부분에서 일어남을 확인하였다. 냉장고 HKS의 초기 설계 단계에서 간과한 설계 변수는 하우징이었다. 이를 통하여 냉장고의 특정 열린 지지 구조에서 모든 열린 지지 구조로 확산하여 설계 수정하는 계기가 되었다. 두 번째 ALT 시험을 통하여 발견한 파괴와 크랙 부위는 비틀림 축에서 발생하였다. 설계 변수에서 비틀림 축의 동심도를 고려치 않았던 것이 원인이었다. ALT 시험 절차를 통하여 간과한 설계 변수를 수정할 수 있었다. ALT 시험의 결과를 통하여 연간 결함 발생률이 약 0.01%였고 재설계된 HKS의 B1 수명은 10년으로 파악되었다. 본 논문에서 사용된 변수 설계 방법은 결함 제품 검사, 하중 분석, 세 번의 ALT 시험 등이며 이들은 기계 시스템의 강인 설계에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 새로운 가전제품의 강인 설계에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.129-156
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and ego identity of middle-aged women and to identify the variables that show differences in the depression and ego identity of middle-aged women. The subjects in the study were 321 mothers of high school students whose age were 40-59 years old. The instruments for this study were Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) developed Beck(1978) and translated by Lee(1981) and Ego identity Scale developed Suh(1975) and modified by Nam(1975). The reliability values of BDI range from 0.83 to 0.87 and Ego identity range from 0.81 to 0.85 using Cronbach alpha. The data were analysed by using the SAS program and included Frequency, percentage Pearson Correlation MANOVA, t-test, ANOVA. The conclusion obtained from this study were as follows ; 1) There was a negative correlation(r=-0.21, p=0.0002) between depression and ego identity of middle-aged women. Thus the lower depression the higher ego identity for middle-aged women. 2) According to the analysis of interacting effects of depression and ego identity, there were significant differences in the household income(F=0.38, p=0.0035), level of education (F=6.50, p=0.0001), satisfaction of marriage(F=10.45, p=0.0001), family pattern (F=6.18, p=0.0001), menopausal status(F=7.23, p=0.0001), present disease(F=4.85, p=0.0110) and health status(F=9.00, p=0.0001). 3) There were significant differences on the level of education(F=12.98, p=0.0001) household income(F=5.78, p=0.0007), support of spouse(F=8.58, p=0.0002), satisfaction of marriage(F=20.08, p=0.0001), menopausal status(F=11.32, p=0.0001), present disease(t=2.76, p=0.0062) and health status(F=17.23, p=0.0001) of the depression of middle-aged women. 4) There were significant differences on the patterns of household(t=-2.64, p=0.0086), support spouse(F=3.58, p=0.0291), satisfaction of marriage(F=3.90, p=0.0212), menopausal status(F=4.59, p=0.0108) and disease(t=2.11, p=0.0359) of the ego identity of middle-aged women. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1) According to results of this study, middle-aged women's depression is correlated with ego identity. Thus when the nurse plans the preventive strategy of middle-aged women's depression, the nurse must be considered with level of ego identity. 2) To study for middle-aged women in depth, further research is need to study regard to middle-aged men and their children.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.117-117
• /
• 1992

Pubilc utility industries including the electric utility industry are facing a new stream of privatization com-petition with the private sector and deregulation. The necewssity to solve now and in the future power supply and demand problems has been increasing through the sophisticated generation expansion plan(GEP) approach con-sidering not only KEPCo's supply-side resources but also outside resources such as non-utility generation(NUG) demand-side management (DSM). Under the environmental situation in the current electric utility industry a new approach is needed to acquire multiple resources competitively. This study presents the development of a modified electric generation expansion analysis system(EGEAS) model with avoided cost based on the existing EGEAS model which is a dynamic program to develope an optimal generation expansion plan for the electric utility. We are trying to find optimal GEP in Korea's case using our modified model and observe the difference for the level of reliabilities such as the reserve margin(RM) loss of load probability(LOLP) and expected unserved energy percent(EUEP) between the existing EGEAS model and our model. In addition we are trying to calculate avoided cost for NUG resources which is a criterion to evaluate herem and test possibility of connection calculation of avoided cost with GEP implementation using our modified model. The results of our case study are as follows. First we were able to find that the generation expansion plan and reliability measures were largely influenced by capacity size and loading status of NUG resources, Second we were able to find that avoided cost which are criteria to evaluate NUG resources could be calculated by using our modified EGEAS model with avoided cost. We also note that avoided costs were calculated by our model in connection with generation expansion plans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.1061-1065
• /
• 2013

Objective: To investigate the treatment effect of additional information obtained by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lung perfusion imaging (LPI) in the radiotherapy planning process for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 39 patients with stage III NSCLC were enrolled. Gross tumor volume (GTV) was outlined by SPECT/CT images, SPECT-LPIs being used to define functional lung (FL) and non-functional lung (NFL) regions. Two sets of IMRT plans were designed to deliver 64Gy to PTV. One was a regular IMRT plan using CT images only (Plan 1), and the other was a corresponding IMRT plan using co-registered images (Plan 2). $FL_{Vx}$ (the % volume of functional lung receiving ${\geq}$x Gy) and $WL_{Vx}$ (% volume of whole lung to receive ${\geq}$x Gy) were compared by paired Student's t test. Kendalls correlation was used to analyze the factor (s) related with the FLV20 decrease. Results: Compared with plan 1, both $WL_{Vx}$ and $FL_{Vx}$ were decreased in plan 2. $WL_{V10}$, $WL_{V15}$, $WL_{V20}$, $WL_{V25}$, $WL_{V30}$ and $WL_{V35}$ decreased 9.7%, 13.8%, 17.2%, 12.9%, 9.8% and 9.8%, and $FL_{V10}$, $FL_{V15}$, $FL_{V20}$, $FL_{V25}$, $FL_{V30}$ and $FL_{V35}$ decreased 10.8%, 14.6%, 17.3%, 14.5%, 14.5% and 10.5%. $FL_{Vx}$ decreased significantly compared with $WL_{Vx}$. There were significant differences in $WL_{V10}$, $WL_{V15}$, $WL_{V20}$, $WL_{V25}$, $WL_{V3}$ and $FL_{V10}$, $FL_{V15}$, $FL_{V20}$, $FL_{V25}$, $FL_{V30}$ between plan 1 and plan 2 (P=0.002, 0.000, 0.000, 0.005, 0.027 and 0.002, 0.000, 0.000, 0.006, 0.010). According to Kendall correlation analysis, NFL had a negative relation with the percentage FLV20 decrease (r=-0.559, P<0.01), while the distance of PTV and NFL center had a significantly positive relation with the percentage of FLV20 decrease (r=0.768, P<0.01). Conclusion: Routine use of SPECT-LPI for patients undergoing radiotherapy planning for stage III NSCLC appears warranted.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.329-341
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 경기도 파주시에 위치한 문산천의 유사량을 직접 실측하여 유사특성을 분석하고, 이를 수치모형에 적용하여 장기적인 하상변동을 예측하였다. 직접 실측된 유사랑을 이용하여 유량-총유사량 관계식을 유도하였으며, 기존의 추정공식을 통해 산정된 총유사량과의 비교를 통해 적절한 유사량 추정방법을 평가하였다. 실측에 의한 문산천의 연간 총유사량은 5,478ton/year, 비유사량은 29.23ton/$km^2$/year로 나타났으며, 기존의 공식과 비교한 결과 Ackers & White공식이 실측치와 매우 유사한 값을 산정하였다. 실측된 유사량 및 지형, 수문자료를 입력변수로 하여 HEC-6와 GSTARS 모형을 비교, 평가하였다. 이를 통해 HEC-6 모형이 문산천의 장기하상변동 예측에 적합한 모형으로 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 도출할 수 있다고 판단하였으며, 본 연구의 장기하상변동 예측에 적용하였다. HEC-6 모형을 이용한 장기하상변동 예측결과 문산천의 경우 하류부에서는 지속적으로 퇴적이 나타나고 상류부에서는 전반적으로 침식이 발생하였으며, 향후 20년 후의 하상상태로 안정화 될 것으로 판단되었다. 하상 변동량은 20년동안 1m 이내로 유의한 수준에 있다. 그러나 감조부의 영향을 받는 하류부에서는 유출구로부터 2,000m~7,000m 사이의 구간에 퇴적이 지속적으로 증가하고 있어 향후 하천관리계획 수립시 고려해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2017

대심도 저류 및 배수터널은 기 개발된 도시의 부족한 배수관망 능력을 보강하기 위하여 지하에 설치하는 대규모 도시홍수 배제 시설물로 원활한 홍수 유입을 위해 적정한 규모의 수직유입구가 요구되어진다. 접선형 수직유입구 설계 시 유입구의 능력을 평가하는 중요인자로 Yu and Lee(2009)가 지배유량개념을 소개하였는데, 본 연구에서는 서울시에 설치하고자 하는 신월빗물저류배수시설의 수직유입구 3개소를 대상으로 수리모형실험을 실시하고 제안된 지배유량 개념의 적정성을 평가하였다. 지배유량 이론식($Q_{cp}$)을 이용하여 실제 측정된 지배유량($Q_{cm}$)과 비교 분석하였는데, 그 결과 이론식 대비 66~69%로 이론식이 지배유량을 과대 산정하는 것으로 평가되었다. 지배유량 이론식의 과대산정 원인을 분석하기 위하여 Yu and Lee (2009)가 사용한 자료들과 본 연구에서 측정된 자료들을 활용하여 지배유량비($Q_{cm}/Q_{cp}$)를 3가지 영역으로 분류하고 각 인자에 대한 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. Yu and Lee (2009)가 제안한 지배유량식은 접선형 수직유입구 설계인자인 B, z, ${\beta}$, e/B에 대한 영향만 고려하였으나 ${\theta}$, L과 연계된 변수들로 복합적으로 고려하는 식의 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 1981

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) if energy consumption and conservation vary in clothing, food, and housing with independent variables-size of household, homemaker's age, employment, and level of education, level of living, type of house, electricity use, and all energy use, and 2) if there is a correlation among energy conservation practices in clothing, food, and housing. Questionnaires wee given to the randomly selected homemakers in Seoul in July, 1980. Data from 620 responses were analyzed by F-test (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation. The results are as follows: 1. Clothing (1) the scores of the conservation practices I clothing were generally high. /However, it was found that a) they did not practice in wearing heavy under clothes and behavior outer clothing to cope with cool room temperature in the winter, b) they did not use bleach for laundry, but they used boiling method, and c) they did not have enough knowledge on Permanent Press finish. (2) energy conservation practices in clothing were significantly related to level of living and homemakrer's level of education. a) The higher the level of living, the higher scores in the knowledge were found. b) the higher the homeakcer's level of education, the higher scores in the knowledge and ironing were obtained. 2. Food (1) The scores of the conservation practices in food were generally high. However, it was found that scientific cooking methods were not performed such as a) to use measuring spoons, cups, and timers, b) to practice a simple method in using solor energy for warming water, c) to use thermos for the hot water tea or coffee, but they boiled water whenever necessary, and b) to use the pressure cooker whenever possible. (2) Energy conservation practices in food were significantly related to homemaker's employment and type of dwellings. a) The scores of full-time homemakers (not gainfully employed) were higher than gainfully employed homemakers. b) Families in traditional Korean dwellings revealed higher scores than those in apartment or western style dwellings. 3. Housing (1) The scores of the conservation practices in housing were generally high. However, it was found that a) they did not install fans in the kitchen, bathroom, and attic in the summer, b) they did not install a humidifier for tolerating a lower room temperature in the winer, c) they did not practice to make plans for the door of the refrigerator remained open for the shortest time, d) they did not install or use a local lighting with a general lighting for reading and cooking, and e) they usedaluminum foil without the knowledge of the heat reaction of its shiny and dull sides. (2) energy conservation practices in housing were significantly related to homemaker's employment and level of education, economic status, types of dwelling, and all energy use, a) Full-time homeakers had higher scores than gainfully employed homeakers. b) the higher the homemaker's level of education and economics status, the higher scores were obtained. c) Homeakers with their own house scored higher points than those with rented houses. And families in apartment or row houses scored higher points than those in traditional korean or western style dwellings. d) The higher the consumption rate of electricity and all energy, the higher scores were revealed. 4. correlation there was a significant correlation among energy conservation practices I clothing, food, and housing.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 2002

This study was attempted to identify and compare in developing a health promotion program for extending healthy life expectancy of the middle-aged women and protecting health of women in the vulnerable class by comparing and researching life-style and actual conditions of health for the middle-aged women in rural and urban areas. Subjects of this study were 160 middle-aged urban women in Seoul city and chongju city and 155 middle-aged rural women in rural community goisangun. For collecting data, questionnaire was performed with structured questionnaires was used to know their actual conditions of health and life-style. Findings of this study were as follows. 1. In comparing life-style of the urban middle- aged women with the rural community, the percentage of regularly checked-up were higer urban women (46.4%) than the rural women (35%); women who have not checked up were 21.3% and 11.4% in the rural community and cities respectively, but it had a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). For the types of checkup, the rate of uterine cancer checkup than that of breast cancer self-examination or cholesterol test was higher both in the rural community(75.6%) and cities(77.4%). 2. The results of comparing actual conditions of the middle-aged women in the rural urban area were as follows; the recognition of health of the urban women was 'Very healthy (7.2%),' 'Healthy (35.5%),' 'Moderate (46.5%),' and 'Not healthy (10.3%), while the recognition of the rural women was 'Very healthy (2.5%),' 'Healthy (30.0%),' 'Moderate (36.3%),' and 'Not healthy (30.6%)'. These results showed a statistically significant difference (p=.000). Women having any problems in health were 48.1% and 36.8% in the rural and the urban respectively and it had a statistically significant difference (p=.042). For the most of health problems, arthritis accounted for 29.4% in the rural community and arthritis and constipation accounted for 21.3% in the urban. According to findings of this study, it can be concluded that rural women had more health problems, felt they were not healthy themselves and were checked up regularly less than the urban women, and their health care was poor. Therefore, more effective nursing intervention plans should be designed to enhance the performance level of health promotion for rural women.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.786-793
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 재직 중인 기혼 여성 치과위생사 281명을 대상으로 기혼 여성 치과위생사의 경력단절 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 수행되었다. 설문지를 이용하여 2015년 6월 27일부터 7월 26일까지 자료를 수집하였고, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 얻었다. 연구 대상자의 66.9%가 치과위생사의 수명은 '짧다'라고 응답하였고, 짧은 이유로 '경력이 많으면 취직이 어렵다', '나이에 제한이 있다' 등이 있었다. 연구 대상자의 42.7%가 치과위생사의 정년은 '40대까지'라고 응답하였고, 53.4%가 치과위생사의 재취업은 '조직 내 기혼자에 대한 부담감이 없다면 언제든 가능하다'라고 응답하였다. 일반적 특성 따른 경력단절 의사는 연령(p<0.001), 근무연수(p=0.003), 자녀수(p=0.008), 자녀연령(p=0.012), 월급여(p=0.004)가 유의하게 나타났고, 직업인식에 따른 경력단절 의사는 이직경험(p=0.015), 직업수명(p<0.001), 치과위생사의 정년(p<0.001), 취업지속 시기(p<0.001), 치과위생사의 재취업(p<0.001)에서 유의하게 나타났다. 상관분석 결과는 p<0.01수준에서 직업정체성, 고용주의 지지, 배우자의 지지, 직무만족도가 높을수록 경력단절 의사는 낮은 것으로 나타났고, p<0.05 수준에서 가족지지가 높을수록 경력단절 의사는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 경력단절 의사에 영향을 주는 요인을 위계적 방법으로 분석한 결과 모델 4에서 설명력이 37.1%로 가장 설명력이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 연령, 근무연수, 직업수명, 가족지지, 직업정체성, 고용주의 지지가 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였고, 고용주의 지지(${\beta}$=-0.499)가 경력단절 의사에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 조직 내 고용주와 직원들은 기혼자에 대한 편견을 버리고, 직장 내에서의 출산휴가, 육아휴직에 대한 배려와 치과계에서의 제도적 방안을 마련함과 더불어 시간제 근로방법을 이용한다면 구인난 해결에 도움이 될 것이다. 신규 인력의 증가보다 기혼 치과위생사들이 취업을 지속함으로써 구인난을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 고려해야 할 것이다.