• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2003

This study was designed (1) to examine adolescents' body cathexis, ideal body image, clothing behavior, and clothing purchasing behavior, and (2) to identify gender and age differences. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square ($\chi^2$) analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Duncan-Test were employed to analyze the data collected from the convenience sample of 729 middle- and high-school students in Gyeongnam, Korea. Adolescents tended to be dissatisfied with their body, while female high school students' dissatisfactory degrees were higher The ideal body image was thinner than normal, and neither gender nor age differences were observed. Adolescents showed higher dependences compared to other clothing behaviors including conformity, fashion, popularity, brand, and exhibition, and gender and age differences were observed. Fit/comfort and clothing displayed in store were most important evaluative criterion and information search method. Adolescents tended to prefer shopping in department store with friends or parents in less than 3 hours. Gender and age differences were observed in those clothing purchasing behavior. Marketing strategies generated from the results of this study were suggested.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2013

This is an in-dept case study that extract the problems showing remarkable gender gap in 6th graders and analyze the difference between boys and girls in the process of problem solving. This study can be summarized as the following. First, according to the result of basic study, the parts are divided into measurement, probability and statistics and regularity. And then test problems and face-to-face talk contents are developed. Second, the distinct features between boys and girls, follow-up study and face-to-face talk. As a result, five characteristics of gender gap are selected. Through the results of this study, the improvement of teaching & learning development and evaluation considering gender is expected in the classrooms of elementary schools.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.182-196
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined potential determinants of gender differences in utilization of health care services among Korean adults. Methods: The study population was 21,647 adults ${\geq}$25-years-of-age who had responded to a health interview survey conducted as part of the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Relative gender differences in the use of each health service were assessed using chi-square test and sex ratios. The contribution of potential factors of sex differences in the use of health services was evaluated by comparing the odds ratio and sex ratio before and after adjustment for such variables. Results & Conclusions: More females had visited a physician and been admitted to hospital, but hospitalization time was longer for males. Adjustment for poor self-rated health, number of chronic disease and limit of full term for ADL led to a reduction in the odds ratio of females compared to males for health service utilization. However, adjustment for socioeconomic factors (household income, education, occupation, and health insurance) magnified the gender difference concerning length of hospitalization. Factors that explain gender-related differences in utilization of health care services are concluded to be different health needs and socioeconomic status.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the difference in gender of top executives and corporate investment. In addition, this study also extends to how the sensitivity of investment to cash flow varies with the gender of leaders. Finally, the effect of the gender of leaders on firm investment is also tested across firm types (state firms vs. private firms and high-growth firms vs. low-growth firms). Based on the dataset of Vietnamese listed firms over 2007-2017, the fixed-effect model is used to test the hypotheses. The results show that women as chairs of the board tend to lower corporate investment, whereas the gender of CEOs (Chief Executive Officers) does not influence the investment level. Moreover, top female executives are associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of investment to cash flow. These regression results also show that top female executives only have an impact on the rate of investment in private and low-growth firms. The findings of this study are useful for the board of directors in selecting a chairperson in line with the firm's strategies. Furthermore, the findings of this study are also meaningful for policymakers who should monitor the separate role of the CEO and chair of the board in a company.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether there is a difference in the prevalence of hypertension according to gender, occupational group, and occupational group according to gender. Research design, data, and methodology: This study classified the occupational groups according to the gender of men and women between the ages of 20 and 49 into office workers and non-office workers from the 7th 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,691 people were surveyed, including 1,394 office workers and 1,297 non-office workers. Frequency analysis, chi-square, and Independent T-test for distribution difference analysis of categorical variables analysis for occupation and hypertension were applied. Statistical significance was verified at 0.001 to determine the validity analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS 24.0 program. Results: The main risk factors for hypertension were gender, age, education, obesity, smoking, drinking, family history, and chronic diseases. There were differences in the prevalence of hypertension among office workers and non-office workers. Conclusions: Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension than women, while non-office workers had a higher prevalence than office workers. In the case of women, non-office workers have a higher prevalence of hypertension than white-collar workers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2021

The most basic forces of stock market are supply and demand, which increases or decreases on the basis of information. The crucial point is that investor's perception is depending on the availability of information at a particular time. But it is very difficult to understand what they take from a piece of information, and the decision varies from person to person; hence, it is important to understand the behavior of investors in the stock market. In this context, this study is focusing on behavioral investor-type diagnosis testing among financial market players (FMPs) in Oman. The study conducted a review of behavioral types among stock market investors, and attempted to assess the influence of age and gender factors on investor bias. It classifies investor type biases according to the gender and age of respondents. This study employs primary data with a structured questionnaire distributed to an equal number of male and female stock market investors in Muscat Securities Market. The study used sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, CATPCA and ALSCAL to identify the significant difference among age, gender and experience of the respondents. The present study found that all of the investors are influenced by different cognitive biases and, moreover, it depends on investor's gender.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.95-122
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the moderating effect of gender between parenting attitude and anger expression of adolescent. Particularly, to ensure that the anger of emotion is common nature, this study was conducted on the middle class adolescent of stable economic status. Method: The subjects of this study were 357 students, first grade from 3 high schools in Seoul. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation, and hierarchial regression, using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The main results were as follows: First, in parenting attitude the perception of monitoring and affection was less important for boys than girls, but more important in over expectation and neglect. Second, in anger expression the level of anger-control appeared higher than anger-in and anger-out, no significant gender difference in subfactors. Third, the effect of gender moderated the relationships between parenting attitude and anger expression of adolescent. Conclusions: The results indicated the need to recognize gender difference in controlling anger of adolescent and to improve dysfunctional parenting attitude in middle class. Furthermore, the implications were discussed in enhancing parent-adolescent communication, developing emotional education programs, and preventing juvenile delinquency.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting in-hospital complication and length of stay in elderly patients with total knee arthroplasty. A total of 8,224 inpatients over 65 years old were selected from the national old inpatient sample data which was produced by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in 2016. STATA 12.0 was performed using frequency, chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear and logistic regression analysis. Analysis results show that ages(over 85), Charlson Comorbidity Index, district(metropolitan) for general hospitals and gender, district, beds(100-199) for hospitals are significantly influenced in-hospital complication. Statistically significant factors affecting the length of stay are gender, insurance type, depression, district, bed(300 over) for general hospitals and gender, type of insurance, Charlson Comorbidity Index, depression, district, beds(200-299) for hospitals. Based on these findings, the factors affecting in-hospital complication and length of stay were different depending on the type of medical institution. Accordingly, policymakers should analyze the differences in care behavior depending on the type of medical institution and expand policy and financial support to resolve them.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2006

This study investigated the determinants of Tap Water consumption patterns. Socio-demographic variables(gender, family income, education level, residual area) and consumer attitude knowledge(confidence, knowledge, problem experience, risk perception and aesthetic satisfaction)were included in the analysis. Three hundred fifty-nine teachers were participated in this study. ANOVA(Scheffe test), t-test, regression and logistic regression were conducted. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Tap water was consumed by only 1.7%, boiled water prior to drinking by 37.9%, water filtered by 39.8% and bottled water by 19.0%. 2. Consumer attitude knowledge was affected by socio-demographic variables. That is, aesthetic satisfaction was affected by age, risk perception by gender and educational level, confidence by educational level, knowledge by gender and age, and problem experience by age. 3. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, confidence and aesthetic satisfaction were the determinants of bottled water or filtered water choice. However, risk perception was not a significant determinant. This suggests alternatives to tap water is related to non-risk, or non-safety factors.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.162-177
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of obesity and dietary self-efficacy scale and to identify factors that affect obesity in upper-grade elementary school students. Methods: A total of 458 fifth to sixth grade elementary school students in Seoul and Chuncheon city, and rural areas of Gangwon Province, were included in this study. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the obesity region, perceived body image, experience of weight loss, family member of mother's age, mother's job and father's job between 'not obesity group' and 'obesity group'. The logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity was related with gender, region, and perceived body image. Conclusion: Gender, region, and perceived body image showed a relationship with obesity in upper-grade elementary school students. Thus, to develop obesity management program for upper grade elementary school students, we should be considered the gender, region, and perceived body image should be considered.