• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

In this study, students' responses to anomalous data in studying ‘density' were analyzed, and the relationships among trait/state self-regulation strategies, the degree of cognitive conflict, and conceptual change were examined. A trait self-regulation strategy test, a preconception test, and a test of response to anomalous data were administered to 352 eighth graders. Among them, 146 students whose preconceptions were consistent with the presented initial theory were selected. After they had read a scientific explanation, a state self-regulation test and a researcher-made conception test were administerd. There were no significant correlations among the subcategory scores of trait/state self-regulation strategies and the degree of cognitive conflict. The scores of the conception test were significantly correlated with those of trait planning, trait effort, state planning, state self-monitoring, and state effort. State effort was only a significant predictor on students' conceptual change.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1065-1068
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• 1998

This paper proposes a new test generation method. Most of the test generation methods are gate-level based, but our scheme is VHDL based, especially in other word, behavioral-level based. Our test pattern generation method uses software test method. And we generate deterministic test pattern with this method. The purpose of our method is to reduce the time and effort to generate the test patterns for the end-product test of IC.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

Purpose: While previous studies mainly focus on one shopping expectancy in the context of e-commerce or m-commerce, this study examines the relationship between consumers' performance and effort expectancy and their shopping intentions in the omnichannel retail environment in which both online and offline shopping channels are utilized concurrently in a single shopping journey. Research design, data and methodology: This study measured consumers' performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitudes, and intentions toward an omnichannel shopping service. A survey was developed using an online survey platform and distributed to U.S. consumers for a 3-week period and 470 usable responses were obtained. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were performed to test the reliability and validity of the measurement model and research model portraying the hypothesized relationships among constructs. Results: The results confirm that both performance and effort expectancy from shopping affected consumers' attitudes toward omnichannel shopping. The positive attitudes increased their omnichannel shopping intentions. Conclusions: Retailers should promote omnichannel strategies as effective shopping tools to improve consumers' shopping experiences and outcomes. This study suggests that retailers should implement omnichannel strategies that synchronize the retail channels they offer and promote the strategies as effective means to enhance customers' shopping outcomes and experiences.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.228-230
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• 2006

While trains perform a complete precision stopping control at stop point, it is essential to keep better commuters comfort in prompt. Because a train's brake force tends to increase a brake effort in a low speed and a low brake effort, a brake force in motor cars must be increased to keep better passenger comfort, to control the special braking qua1ities and to prevent the impact of the automatic coupler rather than trailer's, Rail cars must have a special braking process for the train stopping control. In the train stop mode, the train stopping control is designed to start at 20km/h. It starts by Dynamic brake blending, and then finally stops by only the friction. If these process are not exactly activated, the train may fail a complete precision stop. In this report, it studied the electric and friction brake processing during the precious stopping control. To achieve exact test results, the speed reference has to be reduced the calculated difference. In the precision stopping control. the ways of the keeping brake force in motor car was analyzed and some solutions of controling air pressure was brought up by means of direct test in main line, This study was based on line 5 in Seoul Metropolitan subway.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1998

This research aims here to develop a certain extended double sampling plan, EDS, which is an extension of ordinary double sampling plan in the sense that the second-stage sampling effort and second-stage critical value are allowed to depend on the point at which the first-stage continuation region is traversed. For purpose of comparison, single sampling plan, optimal ordinary double sampling plan(ODS) and sequential probability ratio test are considered with the same overall error rates, respectively. It is observed that the EDS idea allows less sampling effort than the optimal ODS.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1061-1065
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• 2010

AUTOSAR, a standard software platform for automotive, has been developed to manage software complexity and improve software reuseability. However Automated and standardized testing is needed to improve reliability and reduce time and effort on testing. Fundamental functionality of AUTOSAR RTE and basic software modules is guaranteed by using an AUTOSAR tool, but application software components have to be tested thoroughly. In this paper, we suggest a test system for the AUTOSAR software component using TTCN-3, a standardized testing language. Test execution system and test cases for the software component are generated automatically from AUTOSAR XML containing software design information. With the proposed testing techniques we can reduce time and effort to build the testing system.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2003

Background and Purpose. Physical therapists are at risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Little understand the characteristics of work in physical therapist or the effort they take to prevent injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of work in physical therapist and the efforts for prevent injury Subjects. Standardized questionnaire was administered to 103 physical therapist in Pusan association. Methods. An questionnaire was given to each subject. Questions investigated the characteristics of work in physical therapist, efforts and caring of injury prevention. Chi-square Test used to assess the association of general characteristics with the characteristics of work in physical therapist. AVONA and T-test used to assess the association of efforts of prevent injury in independent variable Results. Physical therapist was reported a higher prevalence of WMSDs in most body areas. These attributes sometimes resulted in behaviors that contributed to the development of their WMSDs.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.502-509
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• 1998

The scheme to reduce jerking phenomena in one push-pull type trainset was proposed. To simulate the jerking between coaches, dynamic analysis model was made. This model could analyze longitudinal dynamic behavior between locomotives and coaches caused by spring and damping characteristics of couplers and center pivots; characteristic curves of traction and braking. To validate the analysis results, tests were conducted in the same driving and braking condition. Comparison of longitudinal acceleration between simulation and test results shows a good agreement. To minimize the jerking phenomena, lots of dynamic simulations were conducted with varying driving/braking effort curve. From the results of simulations, an efficient and economic way to reduce jerking phenomena was found to be to reduce slope of tractive effort curve and synchronize braking time between locomotives and coaches. Test results show that this way could reduce the jerking Phenomena. To express jerkins Phenomena quantitatively, maximum peak to peak values of acceleration were used.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-54
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• 2012

As we know every software development process is pretty large and consists of different modules. This raises the idea of prioritizing different software modules so that important modules can be tested by preference. In the software testing process, it is not possible to test each and every module regressively, which is due to time and cost constraints. To deal with these constraints, this paper proposes an approach that is based on the fuzzy multi-criteria approach for prioritizing several software modules and calculates optimal time and cost for software testing by using fuzzy logic and the fault tolerance approach.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.315-334
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze factors affecting acceptance of smart farm technology. Smart farm technology is rapidly being introduced to agriculture in accordance with the progress of the 4th Industrial Revolution, but research on this is still little. Therefore, in this study, based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), a research model reflecting the characteristics of smart farm technology was constructed. To test this, empirical analysis was performed. A survey was conducted for students in smart farm technology education and adult male and female farmers who are currently planning to operate smart farms. Valid 204 sample were used for analysis. The hypothesis test was based on multiple regression analysis using SPSS 24 statistical package. For the mediating effect and moderating effect, Process Macro 3.4 based on the regression equation was used. The results of testing the hypothesis are as follows. First, in the causal hypothesis test, it was shown that performance expectancy, social influence and price value have a significant positive effect on the intention to use smart farm technology. On the other hand, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions were not tested for a significant influence on the use of smart farm technology. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of trust, it was found that trust plays a mediating role between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, price value and intention to use smart farm technology. In particular, the effort expectancy has not been tested for a direct significant effect on intention to use smart farm technology, but it has been shown to have an impact through trust. Trust was found to be a full mediating between the effort expectancy and the intention to use the smart farm technology. The current IT level of prospective users has been shown to play a moderating role between performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and intention to use smart farm technology. In particular, the IT level was found to strengthen the relationship between performance expectancy and intention to use smart farm technology. Based on the results of these studies, academic and practical implications were suggested.