• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2005

우리나라에서 유효우량의 산정방법으로 NRCS(Natural Resources Conservation Service)의 유효우량 산정방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 NRCS 방법은 미국내 유역의 특성을 반영하여 개발된 것으로 미국과 우리나라 유역간의 차이에 대한 별도의 검증 없이 이를 그대로 사용하는 데에는 문제가 있을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 유역에서 NRCS 방법을 적용할 때에 적합한 선행강수일에 대하여 검토해보고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 선행강수일수를 1일부터 7일까지 변화시켜 가면서 HEC-HMS 모형을 사용해 강우-유출 모의를 수행하여 탄부 소유역에 대해 가장 적절한 선행강우일수를 추정하였다. 그 결과, 선행2일강수량이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 결론적으로, 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 NRCS 방법을 우리나라 유역에 적용할 때에는 세심한 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.542-548
• /
• 2015

This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 4 livestock byproducts from livestock farm were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the byproducts applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 5 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of organic matter decompositions. The easily degradable factors ($k_1$) ranged between $0.145{\sim}0.257day^{-1}$ and persistent degradable factors ($k_2$) were $0.027{\sim}0.080day^{-1}$. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater $k_1$ values (0.257, $0.211day^{-1}$) and smaller $k_2$ values (0.027, $0.030day^{-1}$) for dairy wastewater and forage byproduct, respectively.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study was to assess protective effects of Whangryonhaedoktang on the chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model of depression. Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups (CMS-drug group: Whangryonhaedoktang was administered during CMS procedure, CMS-vehicle: water was administered during CMS procedure, normal control group: without CMS procedure). After 4 weeks of CMS procedure, Morris water maze (MWM) test and open field test were executed and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was measured in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus coeruleus (LC) of rat brain. Result : 1. CMS procedure induced defects of spatial learning in early period of MWM test. 2. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group showed shorter escape latency in comparison with CMS control group in MWM test on the first day of the test. 3. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group and CMS control group showed no significant difference of activities and emotional behaviors in comparison with normal control group in open field test. 4. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group showed significant inhibition effects of TH expression in VTA and LC areas in comparison with CMS control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Whangryonhaedoktang may have inhibition effects to early period defects of spatial learning and protective antidepressant effects in CMS model rats.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.1000-1007
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the analgesic effect of onion and acanthopanax senticosus mixture extract using the rheumatoid arthritis rat model. Rheumatoid arthritis model was made by the intradermal injection of type II collagen emulsified. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) Sham group(n=5), (2) Control group(administered DW 3 $m{\ell}$/1 day after RA induced, n=7), (3) Experimental group I(administered Onion extractor 600 mg/3 $m{\ell}$/1 day after RA induced, n=7). (4) Experimental group III(administered Onion and Acanthopanax senticosus mixture extractor 600 mg/3 $m{\ell}$/1 day after RA induced, n=7). After that, we examined the arthritic index, paw edema, pain threshold at 1st, 14th, 28th days. And also we examined histopathologic study(safranin-O green), immunohistochamical stain(COX-2) of knee joint at 28th days. Arthritic index, paw edema and pain threshold test were decrease in experimental group I, II than control group. Especially group II was most significantly inhibit effect than the other groups at 28th days. On the histopathologic view, all experimental groups were relieved and reproduced the erosion of arthritic site compared with control group. All experimental groups were COX-2 positive cells in the immunohistological stain of the knee joint were significantly decreased compared with control group. Especially group II was most significantly decreased than the other groups at 28th days. Onion and Acanthopanax senticosus mixture extractor can be used for curing rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-inflammatory effects may be somewhat better in combination of Onion and Acanthopanax senticosus.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 2023

Objectives : Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is characterized by the loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). In a previous in vitro study, we demonstrated that Sihogyeji-tang (SG), Sihosogan-tang (SS), and Sihocheonggan-tang (SC) have the potential to be candidate medicines for PD. This study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effect of SG, SS, and SC using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administered with 30 mg/kg of MPTP for 5 days and orally administered SG, SS and SC for 12 days from the first MPTP injection. Motor function was assessed using the pole test and the rotarod test. Dopaminergic neuronal survival in the SN and striatum was evaluated through tyrosine-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Results : MPTP administration resulted in behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuronal death in the SN and striatum. In the pole test, treatment with SG, SS, and SC alleviated the MPTP-induced motor dysfunction on day 5 and 12. In the rotarod test, SS and SG alleviated the MPTP-induced motor dysfunction on day 5, while only SS showed improvement on day 12. SS and SG significantly protected dopaminergic neurons in the SN from MPTP toxicity, and all three compounds (SG, SS, and SC) showed significant protection in the striatum. Notably, SS demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death compared to SG and SC. Conclusions : These findings suggest that SS is the most effective formula among SG, SS, and SC for PD, indicating its potential role in the treatment of PD.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제8권9호
• /
• pp.194-203
• /
• 2008

억제유도치료는 건측 상지의 운동을 제한하고 환측 상지의 운동을 유도함으로써 손상된 상지의 기능 및 사용을 향상시키는 치료이다. 본 연구의 목적은 동물모델을 이용하여 억제유도치료의 효과를 운동행동검사와 면역조직 화학법으로 검증하기 위함이다. 본 연구에서는 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐 수컷 실험군 40마리 대조군 40마리를 사용하였다. 실험동물은 마취 후 체성운동영역을 제거하여 억제유도치료를 적용한 실험군과 적용하지 않은 대조군으로 나누었다. 실험동물은 수술 후 1일, 3일, 7일, 14일째 10마리씩 나누어 자세 반사 검사, 막대 걷기 검사, 앞다리 배치 검사, 면역조직 화학반응을 실시하였다. 결과는 실험군의 운동행동 검사에서 모두 유의하게 높았고(p<.05), BDNF 발현은 시간이 지날수록 실험군의 발현량이 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 중추신경계의 가소성을 검증 하는데 기여하리라 생각된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.394-400
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the environmental factors affecting milk ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and acetone (Ac) concentrations in Holstein cattle. A total of 264,221 test-day records collected from the Korea Animal Improvement Association (KAIA) during the period of 2012 to 2014 were used in this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the factors significantly affecting ketone body concentrations. Parameters considered in the model were season of test, season of calving, parity, lactation stage, and milk collecting time (AM and PM). According to the ANOVA, the $R^2$ for milk BHBA and Ac were 0.5226 and 0.4961, respectively. 'Season of test' showed a considerable influence on ketone body concentration. Least square (LS) means for milk BHBA concentrations was the lowest ($39.04{\mu}M$) in winter while it increased up to $62.91{\mu}M$ in summer. But Ac concentration did not significantly change along with 'season of test'. The means of milk BHBA and Ac concentrations were high at first lactation stage, low around second lactation stage, and then gradually increased. Cows milked in the morning had lower mean BHBA and Ac concentrations ($48.49{\mu}M$ and $121.69{\mu}M$, respectively) in comparison to those milked in the evening ($53.46{\mu}M$ and $130.42{\mu}M$, respectively). The LS means of BHBA and Ac slightly increased over parities. These results suggest that proper maintenance of milk collection, herd management programs, and evaluation of ketone body levels in milk should be considered for the efficient management of resistance to ketosis.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. Among adolescents, high-dose of caffeine consumption has increased rapidly over the last few decades due to the introduction of energy drinks. However, little is known about the time-dependent effect of high doses of caffeine consumption in adolescents. The present study aims to examine the short- and long-term influence of high-dose caffeine on behavior of adolescence. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups: a "vehicle" group, which was injected with 1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days; a "Day 1" group, which was injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg), 2 h before the behavioral tests; and a "Day 14" group, which was infused with caffeine for 14 days. An open-field test, a Y-maze test, and a passive avoidance test were conducted to assess the rats'activity levels, anxiety, and cognitive function. Results: High-dose caffeine had similar effects in short-and long-term treatment groups. It increased the level of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, as evidenced by the increase in the number of movements and incidences of rearing and grooming in the caffeine-treated groups. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the Y-maze test. However, in the passive avoidance test, the escape latency in the caffeine-treated group was decreased significantly, indicating impaired memory acquisition. Conclusion: These results indicate that high-dose caffeine in adolescents may increase locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior and impair learning and memory, irrespective of the duration of administration. The findings will be valuable for both evidence-based education and clinical practice.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1996

Nitrification reaction consists of two reactions: nitritification which oxidizes ammonia nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen and nitratification which oxidizes nitrite nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. Each reaction is carried out by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, respectively. The effective maximum growth rates for both bacteria have to be determined to design aeration tank whenever the aeration tanks have to nitrify ammonia nitrogen in influent. And these values are very important to use mathematical models such as IAWPRC model to simulate nitrification in activated sludge. There are several methods to determine these valves, however, the Fed-Batch experiments can determine these values within 72 hours. In this study, the mathematical equations and experimental procedures for Fed-Batch test are presented. Also, the experimental data and reported values are compared. The estimated mean values of maximum specific growth rates for Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are $0.5010day^{-1}$ and $0.6704day^{-1}$, respectively.

• 대한전기학회논문지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 1986

In this paper, 1-168 hours ahead load prediction algorithm is developed for power system economic weekly operation. Total load is composed of three components, which are base load, week load and weather-sensitive load. Base load and week load are predicted by moving average and exponential smoothing method, respectively. The days of moving average and smoothing constant are optimally determined. Weather-sensitive load is modeled by linear form. The paramiters of weather load model are estimated by exponentially weighted recursive least square method. The load prediction of special day is very tedious, difficult and remains many problems which should be improved. Test results are given for the day of different types using the actual load data of KEPCO.