• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

In the study, we developed and evaluated a uracil N-glycosylase (UNG)-supplemented single-tube nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (UsnRT-PCR) assay that can carried out first-round RT-PCR and second-round nested PCR in a reaction tube without reaction tube opening and can simultaneously detect EU- and NA-PRRSV. The UsnRT-PCR confirmed to have a preventing ability of mis-amplification by contamination of pre-amplified PRRSV DNA from previous UsnRT-PCR. Primer specificities were evaluated with RNAs extracted from 8 viral strains and our results revealed that the primers had a high specificity for both genotypes of PRRSV. The sensitivity of the UsnRT-PCR was 0.1 $TCID_{50}$/0.1 mL for EU- or NA-PRRSV, respectively, which is comparable to that of previously reported real time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR). Clinical evaluation on 110 field samples (60 sera and 50 lung tissues) by the UsnRT-PCR and the RRT-PCR showed that detection rates of the UsnRT-PCR was 70% (77/110), and was relatively higher than that of the RRT-PCR (69.1%, 76/110). The percent positive or negative agreement of the UsnRT-PCR compared to RRT-PCR was 96.1% (73/76) or 90.9% (30/33), showing that the test results of both assays may be different for some clinical samples. Therefore, it is recommend that diagnostic laboratory workers use the two diagnostic assays for the correct diagnosis for the relevant samples in the swine disease diagnostic laboratories. In conclusion, the UsnRT-PCR assay can be applied for the rapid, and reliable diagnosis of PRRSV without concerns about preamplified DNA carryover contamination that can occurred in PCR process in the swine disease diagnostic laboratories.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

Objectives: 3D printing technologies have become widely developed and are increasingly being used for a variety of purposes. Recently, the evaluation of 3D printing operations has been conducted through chamber test studies, and actual workplace studies have yet to be completed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the emission of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), metals, and particles from printing operations at a workplace. This included monitoring conducted at a commercial 3D printing service workplace where the processes involved material extrusion, material jetting, binder jetting, vat photo polymerization, and powder bed fusion. Methods: Area samples were collected with using a Tenax TA tube for VOC emission and MCE filter for metals in the workplace. For particle monitoring, Mini Particle Samplers(MPS) were also placed in the printer, indoor work area, and outdoor area. The objective was to analyze and identify particles' size, morphology, and chemical composition using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(TEM-EDS) in the workplace. Results: The monitoring revealed that the concentration of VOCs and metals generated during the 3D printing process was low. However, it also revealed that within the 3D printing area, the highest concentration of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) was 4,164 ppb at the vat photopolymerization 3D printing workplace, and the lowest was 148 ppb at the material extrusion 3D printing workplace. For the metals monitoring, chromium, which, is carcinogenic for humans, was detected in the workplace. As a characteristic of the particles, nano-sized particles were also found during the monitoring, but most of them were agglomerated with large and small particles. Conclusions: Based on the monitoring conducted at the commercial 3D printing operation, the results revealed that the concentration of VOCs and metals in the workplace were within Korea's occupational exposure limits. However, due to the emission of nano-sized particles during 3D printing operations, it was recommended that the exposure to VOCs and metals in the workplace should be minimized out of concern for workers' health. It was also shown that the characteristics of particles emitted from 3D printing operations may spread widely within an indoor workplace.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

When the calibration on Liquid Scintillation Counter using the Solid $^3H$ Standard Source of 200,000DPM is executed, the uncertainty due to activity and geometry difference, exists. Therefore, this paper intends to evaluate environmental samples comparatively accurately as decreasing this uncertainty existing in the process of calibration. For this, measurements on samples manufactured by $^3H$ Standard Source and sensitivity study were performed. Also, this paper verified calibration results using Radioactivity-Error-Analysis Method, and evaluated quantitatively the effect by geometry and activity difference based on verification result. According to the result of sensitivity study, in case of using the exposure time of 75 sec and Repeat method, the measuring accuracy and precision of about $1{\sim}3%$ were increased in comparison with the existing method. By analysis result, the effect by activity difference did not appear, and a plastic cell existing into Teflon vial made a role as reflector. The less the effect of plastic cells are decreased, the more activity is high, and the effect of those can be neglected at the activity of 200,000 DPM.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

The researcher of this study applied PCA on aerial hyper-spectral sensor and selectively combined bands which contain high amount of information, creating five types of PCA images. By applying Spectral Angle Mapping-supervised classification technique on each type of image, classification process was carried out and accuracy was evaluated. The test result showed that the amount of information contained in the first band of PCA-transformation image was 76.74% and the second accumulated band contained 98.40%, suggesting that most of information were contained in the first and the second PCA components. Quantitative classification accuracy evaluation of each type of image showed that total accuracy, producer's accuracy and user's accuracy had similar patterns. What drew the researcher's attention was the fact that the first and the second bands of the PCA-transformation image had the highest accuracy according to the classification accuracy although it was believed that more than four bands of PCA-transformation image should be contained in order to secure accuracy when doing the qualitative classification accuracy.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

The archival objects are tangible evidence related to the public service. They are unique and offer information representing the specific events, time or person. The archival objects as modern cultural heritage do not have the guideline to classify, manage and conserve them. Especially, it is difficult to apply general conservation process for burial artifacts, because there are few study example of conservation for metal archival objects and they have complex administrative value. We tried to find suitable material and application method for consolidation of copper alloy archival object. We choose three kinds of wax and acrylic resin for burial artifacts and had done comparative analysis of their characterizations following kinds and coating methods. As a result of evaluation by several surface analysis such as optical microscope, measuring film thickness, adhesive strength, contact angle and yellowing test, acrylic resin can use to archival objects of copper alloy, effectively but the method of heating after dip-coating with Wax B used before can get best effect of consolidation.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

It is well know that the structure of shape memory alloy (SMA) can change from martensite austenite by either temperature or stress. Due to their inherent shape recovery properties, SMA fiber can be used such as for stress or cure-monitoring sensor or actuator, during applied stress or temperature. Incomplete superelasticity was observed as the stress hysteresis at stress-strain curve under cyclic loading test and temperature change. Superelasticity behavior was observed for the single-SMA fiber/epoxy composites under cyclic mechanical loading at stress-strain curve. SMA fiber or epoxy embedded SMA fiber composite exhibited the decreased interfacial properties due to the cyclic loading and thus reduced shape memory performance. Rigid epoxy and the changed interfacial adhesion between SMA fiber and epoxy by the surface treatment on SMA fiber exhibited similar incomplete superelastic trend. Epoxy embedded single SMA fiber exhibited the incomplete recovery during cure process by remaining residual heat and thus occurring residual stress in single SMA fiber/epoxy composite.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.162-177
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• 2020

The perception of traffic environment based on various sensors in autonomous driving system has a direct relationship with driving safety. Recently, as the perception model based on deep neural network is used due to the development of machine learning/in-depth neural network technology, a the perception model training and high quality of a training dataset are required. However, there are several realistic difficulties to collect data on all situations that may occur in self-driving. The performance of the perception model may be deteriorated due to the difference between the overseas and domestic traffic environments, and data on bad weather where the sensors can not operate normally can not guarantee the qualitative part. Therefore, it is necessary to build a virtual road environment in the simulator rather than the actual road to collect the traning data. In this paper, a training dataset collection process is suggested by diversifying the weather, illumination, sensor position, type and counts of vehicles in the simulator environment that simulates the domestic road situation according to the domestic situation. In order to achieve better performance, the authors changed the domain of image to be closer to due diligence and diversified. And the performance evaluation was conducted on the test data collected in the actual road environment, and the performance was similar to that of the model learned only by the actual environmental data.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.46-55
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• 1993

조종사가 수행하는 조종 업무는 여러 정보를 동시에 지각하여 처리하여 야 하는 복잡한 작업으로 구성되어 있어, 조종사에게는 고도의 인간성능이 요구되고 있다. 또한 조종기술을 습득하기 위해서는 많은 훈련시간과 비용 이 소요되며, 조종사의 실수는 치명적인 사고를 초래한다. 따라서 조기에 비행 부적격자를 판별하고, 미흡한 조종 적성을 함양시킬 수 있는 교육 . 훈련 프로그램을 조종 후보생에게 적용시키는 분석적 조종적성 진단 체계 개발은 조 종사의 도태율 감소, 효율적인 비행훈련, 비행 안전사고 감소 등의 측면에서 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 조종 업무 수행시 요구되는 여러 인간 기능의 중요도 차이를 조종 적성 평가 체제에 적용하기 위해서, 각 적성 검사 항목들의 상대적 중요도를 분석하고 이의 타당성을 평가하였다. 적성검사 항목의 상대적 중요도 분석은 조종적성검사 계층구조의 각 수준별 쌍체 비교 평가와 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) 분석에 의한 상대적 중요도 산출 및 평가, 그리고 일관성 지수(Consistency Index)에 의한 분석 결과의 조정을 통해 이루어 졌다. 적성검사 항목의 쌍체 비교 평가는 심리기능검사, 비행자질 검사 등 총 29개 적성검사 항목에 대해 검사를 받았고 또한 초등비행 훈련과정을 수료한 조종 학생들에 의해 이루어 졌다. 상대적 중요도를 분석한 결과 심리기능 검사(W=0.30)가 다른 검사에 비하여 조종적성 평가에 중요한 검사로 나타났으며, 세부 항목으로는 주의 분배력(W=0.13), 추적능력(0.06) 등이 상대적으로 중요한 검사 항목으로 나타났다. 또한 상대적 중요도 결과를 적용한 적성검사 성적이 적용하지 않은 적성검사 성적에 비해 비행성적에 대한 예측 능력이 좋은 것으로 평가되었다.al age)가 있다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 한편, 생산현장에서는 자동화, 기계화가 진보되어 육체적인 노동이 경감된 결과, 중고령자라도 할 수 있는 작업이 많아지고 있다. 또, VDT (Visual Dislay Terminal) 작업과 같은 정보처리 작업의 수요가 증가하여 그 인재의 부족이 지적되고 있다. 따라서 중고령자의 기능을 조사하여 어떠한 작업에 적합한가를 판단하는 것이 중요한 과제로 되었다. 그러나 노동에는 많은 기능이 관여 하고, 그 내용에 따라서 요구되는 기능이 서로 다르기 때문에 노동적응능력의 기본적인 기능으로 보여지는 것에 좁혀서 작업능력의 연령증가 변화에 대하여다원적 평가를 하는 것이 실제적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 다수의 기능중에서 수지교 치성과 연령증가와의 관계를 조사한다. 만약 연령증가 만으로 수지교치성을 평가 할 수 없는 경우에는 어떠한 요인이 수지기민성의 변화에 영향을 미치는가를 검토한다.t list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-76
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• 2020

The purpose of this research was to develop the education program on traditional living culture for home economics(HE) based on the 2015 revised national curriculum. The existing school curriculum for traditional living culture tends to overly focus on the theories about traditional culture and suffer from absence of continuity in learning activities. It can be argued that HE is an ideal subject for dealing with traditional living culture as it aims to develop students' ability to recreate the traditional culture, meeting present needs and trends. This study, thus, attempted to present the practical ways of improving the quality of education on traditional living culture by developing HE education program for high school students. To fulfill the purpose, this research, as a teaching topic, selected the traditional patterns and the "Obangsaek"(Korean traditional five colors) which can commonly be dealt with in the subjects of traditional Korean food, Korean costume and Korean style house. In particular, the program was developed following the ADDE process. In the stage of analysis, this article analyzed the HE curriculum and making activities included in HE textbooks based on the 2015 revised national curriculum, as well as the needs of teachers and students regarding traditional living culture education. In the stage of design, this study developed the instructional model, selecting class topics, tools and materials. In the stage of development, the programs on traditional living culture including costume, food and house were developed. In the evaluation phase, this research conducted the validity test and received the feedbacks from 12 HE educators in order to complete the programs. This study finally suggested that future studies in this area examine the effect of the presented programs on enhancing the students' perception of traditional culture and the will of developing and succeeding the traditional living culture.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2017

This research analyzes the properties of mortar following the rise in water-cement ratio and applicability as an eco-friendly construction supply by using the mudflats of a dredged arena as a substitute for aggregate. The results of a experiment of the flow showed that the flow value decreases as the amount of mudflats increases. A test for chloride content showed that the chloride content increases with the amount of mudflats. In the compression of specimen mixed with mudflat and the testing of tensile strength, the strength weakened as the addition ratio of mudflats rose. However, with 14-day strength as the standard, most specimen showed more strength than the plain, and 14-day strength was higher than 28-day strength. It appears to be experimental error in the mixing process from the viscosity and cohesion of mudflats, and it is considered that there will be a need for an experiment on mixing methods of mudflats in the future. The compressive strength of this research was the strongest with 70% in water-cement ratio, and the tensile strength was strongest with 80% in water-cement ratio. In the evaluation of surface analysis, 70% water-cement ratio, which is finest in strength, mixing, and compactness, was selected to analyze the roughness of the surface, and the results showed that the surface became smoother as the addition ratio of mudflats increases. In conclusion, it appears that 70% water-cement ratio is the optimal mixing ratio for mortar and 10 to 30% addition ratio of mudflats the optimal ratio. It also appears that the application of interior finishing material like bricks and tiles and interior plastering material using the mudflats are possible.