• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 1997

본 논문은 레이저를 이용한 지상 광통신에 교란대기가 미치는 영향을 해석하기 위한 것으로, 대기의 교란은 밝은 날이나 흐린 날에도 존재한다. 대기 교란으로 인하여 전파해 가는 광선은 빔의 방황, breathing, 신틸레이션이 발생하며 이는 광통신 시스템 성능의 저하를 가져온다. 이를 해석하기 위하여 대기굴절률 구조상수 측정 시스템 및 레이저 다이오드를 이용한 지상 광통신 시스템을 설계하였고. 이를 이용하여 대기의 굴절률 구조상수에 따른 지상 광통신 시스템의 비트 오류률을 이론적으로 유도하고 실험하였으며, 연집 오류와의 관계를 실험을 통해 구하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2007

본 논문에서는 비시선각 오차에 크게 영향을 받는 지상파 기반 무선측위의 정확도 개선을 위하여 근래에 제안된 무선신호 지도정합법의 성능을 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 무선신호 지도정합법은 지상파 무선 네트워크 으로부터 다량의 익명 이동기기들로부터 무선신호를 자동적으로 무작위 채집하여 확률 통계적으로 비시선각 오차의 크기를 추정하고 보정하는 새로운 방법론이다. 무선신호 지도정합법은 이동성 관리가 필요한 어떠한 형태의 이동통신 네트워크에 적용이 가능하며 측위를 위하여 특별한 사양의 이동국 단말기와 기준국의 사양을 별도로 요구하지 하지 않으므로 향후 다양한 개형으로 전개될 ubiquitous sensor network의 고효율 측위 수단으로 전개가 가능하다. 실재 도심환경에서 획득한 CDMA 신호에 대하여 무선신호 지도정합법을 적용한 결과 비시선각 오차의 영향을 감소시키며 측위성능의 향상이 현실적으로 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.307-310
• /
• 2005

The Solar-B is the third Japanese spacecraft dedicated for solar physics to be launched in summer of 2006. The spacecraft carries a coordinated set of optical, EUV and X-ray instruments that will allow a systematic study of the interaction between the Sun's magnetic field and its high temperature, ionized atmosphere. The Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) consists of a 50cm aperture diffraction limited Gregorian telescope and a focal plane package, and provides quantitative measurements of full vector magnetic fields at the photosphere with spatial resolution of 0.2-0.3 arcsec in a condition free from terrestrial atmospheric seeing. The X-ray telescope (XRT) images the high temperature (0.5 to 10 MK) corona with improved spatial resolution of approximately 1 arcsec. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) aims to determine velocity fields and other plasma parameters in the corona and the transition region. The Solar-B telescopes, as a whole, will enable us to explore the origins of the outer solar atmosphere, the corona, and the coupling between the fine magnetic structure at the photosphere and the dynamic processes occurring in the corona. The mission instruments (SOT/EIS/XRT) are joint effort of Japan (JAXA/NAO), the United States (NASA), and the United Kingdom (PPARC). An overview of the spacecraft and its mission instruments are presented.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2016

Spectrum sensing is an integral part of cognitive radio, which seeks to address the perceived spectrum scarcity that is caused by inefficient utilization of the available spectrum. In this paper, a spectrum sensing system using energy detection for analog TV and FM broadcast transmitters as well as modified Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signals is implemented on a software-defined radio platform using GNU' Not Unix (GNU) radio and the N200 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). Real-time implementation and experimental tests were conducted in Metro Cebu, a highly urbanized area in the southern part of the Philippines. Extensive tests and measurements were necessary to determine spectrum availability, particularly in the TV band. This is in support of the Philippine government' efforts to provide internet connectivity to rural areas. Experimental results have so far met IEEE 802.22 requirements for energy detection spectrum sensing. The designed system detected signals at -114 dBm within a sensing time of 100 ms. Furthermore, the required $P_d({\geq}90)$ and $P_{fa}({\leq}10)$ of the standard were also achieved with different thresholds for various signal sources representing primary users.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
• /
• pp.325-328
• /
• 2007

We discuss the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the forest canopy and floor separately based on airborne spectral reflectance measurements and simultaneous airborne land surface images acquired around Yakutsk, Siberia in 2000. The aerial land surface images were visually classified into four forest types: no-green canopy and snow floor (Type-1), green canopy and snow floor (Type-2), no-green canopy and no-snow floor (Type-3), and green canopy and no-snow floor (Type-4). The mean NDVI was calculated for these four types. Although Type-2 had green canopy, the NDVI was rather small (0.17) because of high reflection from the snow cover on the floor. Type-3, which had no green canopy, indicated considerably large NDVI (0.45) due to the greenness of the floor. Type-4 had the largest NDVI (0.75) because of the greenness of both the canopy and floor. These results reveal that the NDVI depends considerably on forest floor greenness and snow cover in addition to canopy greenness.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2006

New geocentric geodetic datum has recently been realized in Korea, Korean Geodetic Datum 2002- KGD2002, to overcome problems due to the existing Tokyo datum, which had been used in this country since early 20th century. This transition will support modern surveying techniques, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and ensures that spatial data is compatible with other international systems. For this realization, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations were initially carried out in 1995 to determine the coordinates of the origin of KGD2002 based on the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Continuous GPS observations were collected from 14 reference stations across Korea to compute the coordinates of 1st order horizontal geodetic control points. During the campaign, GPS observations were also collected at about 9,000 existing geodetic control points. In 2006, network adjustment with all data obtained using GPS and EDM since 1975 has been performed under the condition of fixing the coordinates of GPS continuous observation stations to compute coordinate measurements of the 2nd and 3rd geodetic control points. This paper describes the GPS campaigns which have been undertaken since 1996 and details of the network adjustment schemes. This is followed

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.118-122
• /
• 2009

Net Radiation ($R_N$) is the major driving force for biophysical and biogeochemical processes in the terrestrial ecosystems, which is one of the most critical variables in both measurement and modeling. Despite its importance, there are only 10 weather stations conducting $R_N$ measurements among the 544 stations operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA; KMA, 2008). The measurement of incoming shortwave radiation ($R_S{\downarrow}$) is, however, conducted at 22 stations while that of sunshine duration is conducted at all the manned stations. In this context, the recent research for estimating $R_N$ using $R_S{\downarrow}$ in Korean peninsula by Kwon (2009) is of great worth. The author used a linear regression and the radiation balance methods. We generally agree with the author that, in terms of simplicity and practicality, both methods show reliable applicability for estimating $R_N$. We noted, however, that the author's experimental method and analysis need some clarification and improvement, that are addressed in the following perspectives: (1) the use of daily integrated data for regression, (2) the use of measured albedo, (3) the use of linear coefficients for whole year data, (4) methodological improvement, (5) the use of sunshine duration, and (6) the error assessment.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2024

Ground subsidence in urban areas is mainly caused by anthropogenic factors such as excessive groundwater extraction and underground infrastructure development in the subsurface composed of soft materials. Global Navigation Satellite System data with high temporal resolution have been widely used to measure surface displacements accurately. However, these point-based terrestrial measurements with the low spatial resolution are somewhat limited in observing two-dimensional continuous surface displacements over large areas. The synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique can construct relatively high spatial resolution surface displacement information with accuracy ranging from millimeters to centimeters. Although constellation operations of SAR satellites have improved the revisit cycle, the temporal resolution of space-based observations is still low compared to in-situ observations. In this study, we evaluate the extraction of a time-series of surface displacement in Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea, using the small baseline subset technique implemented using the commercial software, Gamma. For this purpose, 24 COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR observations were collected from July 12, 2011, to August 27, 2012. The time-series surface displacement results were improved by reducing random phase noise, correcting residual phase due to satellite orbit errors, and mitigating nonlinear atmospheric phase artifacts. The perpendicular baseline of the collected COSMO-SkyMed SAR images was set to approximately 2-300 m. The surface displacement related to the ground subsidence was detected approximately 1 cm annually around a few Incheon Subway Line 2 route stations. The sufficient coherence indicates that the satellite orbit has been precisely managed for the interferometric processing.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1115-1129
• /
• 2016

To analyze human thermal environments in protected horticultural houses (plastic houses), human thermal sensations estimated using measured microclimatic data (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar and terrestrial radiation) were compared between an outdoor area and two indoor plastic houses, a polyethylene (PE) house and a polycarbonate (PC) house. Measurements were carried out during the daytime in autumn, a transient season that exhibits human thermal environments ranging from neutral to very hot. The mean air temperature and absolute humidity of the houses were $14.6-16.8^{\circ}C$ (max. 22. $3^{\circ}C$) and $7.0-12.0g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ higher than those of the outdoor area, respectively. Solar (K) and terrestrial (L) radiation were compared directionally from the sky hemisphere (${\downarrow}$) and the ground hemisphere (${\uparrow}$). The mean $K{\downarrow}$ and $K{\uparrow}$ values for the houses were respectively $232.5-367.8W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and $44.9-55.7W;{\cdot}m^{-2}$ lower than those in the outdoor area; the mean $L{\downarrow}$ and $L{\uparrow}$ values were respectively $150.4-182.3W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and $30.5-33.9W{\cdot}m^{-2}$ higher than those in the outdoor area. Thus, L was revealed to be more influential on the greenhouse effect in the houses than K. Consequently, mean radiant temperature in the houses was higher than the outdoor area during the daytime from 10:45 to 14:15. As a result, mean human thermal sensation values in the PMV, PET, and UTCI of the houses were respectively $3.2-3.4^{\circ}C$ (max. $4.7^{\circ}C$), $15.2-16.4^{\circ}C$ (max. $23.7^{\circ}C$) and $13.6-15.4^{\circ}C$ (max. $22.3^{\circ}C$) higher than those in the outdoor area. The heat stress levels that were influenced by human thermal sensation were much higher in the houses (between hot and very hot) than in the outdoor (between neutral and warm). Further, the microclimatic component that most affected the human thermal sensation in the houses was air temperature that was primarily influenced by $L{\downarrow}$. Therefore, workers in the plastic houses could experience strong heat stresses, equal to hot or higher, when air temperature rose over $22^{\circ}C$ on clear autumn days.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2015

기후변화에 따른 대규모 토양유실에 대한 토양관리 및 적절한 대책이 수립되어야 하나 현재까지 토양침식 실측자료 및 정책을 뒷받침할 연구가 전무한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 유역규모에서 토양침식의 정량적 분석을 위하여 실시간 측정 장치인 스마트센서를 개발하였고 실제 지형을 정밀하게 표현하는 지상라이다를 활용하여 비교 및 검증하였다. 스마트 센서는 초음파센서, 강우계, 태양열전지, RTU 및 CDMA 무선통신망 등으로 구성하였고 30분 간격으로 토양침식변위를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있게 하였다. 연구결과 2013년 8월 22일부터 10월 11까지 측정된 라이다와 초음파센서의 토양침식깊이의 상관관계는 0.9182이었다. 또한 라이다의 토양침식깊이(mm)와 토양침식량(m³)의 상관관계는 하부 영역에서 0.9063, 상부영역에서 0.9868이었다. 향후 스마트센서의 추가자료 확보, 설치 위치 최적화 및 자료 보정이 수행되어 유역규모에 설치된다면 토양보전 및 관리 체계의 기초자료로 양질의 자료를 제공하리라 판단된다.