• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

The paper presents an efficient algorithm based on ROAM for visualization of large scale terrain models in real-time. The quality and smoothness of the terrain data visualization within a 3D interactive environment is preserved, while the complexity of the algorithm is kept on a reasonable level. The main contribution of the paper is an introduction of a number of efficient techniques such as implicit coordinates method within the patch array representing ROAM and the viewpoint dependent triangle rendering method for dynamic level of detail (LOD) updates. In addition, the paper presents experimental comparison of a variety of culling techniques, including a newly introduced method: relational position culling. These techniques are incorporated in the visualization software, which allows to achieve more realistic terrain representation and the real-time level of detail reduction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.227-229
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• 2010

This study presents an application of the 3D patch extraction method which is based on gradient-driven properties to obtain 3D planar patches over the terrain and man-made objects from lidar data. The method which was exploited in this study is composed of a sequence of processes: segmentation by slope, initiation of triggering patches by mode selection, and expansion of the triggering patches. Since urban areas contain many planar regions over the terrain surface, application of the method has been experimented to extract 3D planar patches not only from non-terrain objects but also from the terrain. The experimental result shows that the method is efficient to acquire 3D planar patches.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.64-79
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• 1994

In this study, terrain classification, which was done by using the quantitative classification parameters and suitable interpolation method was applied to improve the accuracy of digital elevation models, and to increase its practical use of aerial photogrammetry. A terrain area was classified into three groups using the quantitative classification parameters to the ratio of horizontal, inclined area, magnitude of harmonic vectors, deviation of vector, the number of breakline and proposed the suitable interpolation. Also, the accuracy of digital elevation models was improved in case of large grid intervals by applying combined interpolation suitable for each terrain group. As a result of this study, I have an algorithm to perform the classification of the topography in the area of interest objectively and decided optimal data interpolation scheme for given topography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.6_1
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• pp.519-528
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• 2012

It was pointed out that the terrain distortion of SAR image is even worse than that of optical image although SAR imagery has the advantages of being independent of solar illumination and weather conditions. It is thus necessary to correct terrain distortion in SAR image for various application areas to integrate SAR and optical image information. There has to be a clear evaluation of terrain correction of high resolution SAR image according to the quality of DEM because the DEM of study site is generally used in the process of terrain correction. To achieve this issue, this paper compared the effects of quality of Digital Elevation Model(DEM) in the process of terrain correction of high resolution SAR images, using the DEM produced from 1:5000 topographic contour maps, LiDAR DEM, ASTER GDEM, SRTM DEM. We used TerraSAR-X and Cosmo-SkyMed, as the test data set, which are constructed on the same X-band SAR system as KOMPSAT-5. In order to evaluate quantitatively the correction results, we conducted comparative evaluation with the KOMPSAT-2 ortho image of the same region. The evaluation results showed that the DEM produced from 1:5000 topographic contour maps achieved successful results in the terrain correction of SAR image compared with the other DEM data, and the widely used SRTM DEM data in various applications was not suitable for the terrain correction of high resolution SAR images.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2D
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• pp.311-318
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• 2009

Interactive terrain visualization is an important research area with applications in GIS, games, virtual reality, scientific visualization and flight simulators, besides having military use. This is a complex and challenging problem considering that some applications require precise visualizations of huge data sets at real-time rates. In general, the size of data sets makes rendering at real-time difficult since the terrain data cannot fit entirely in memory. In this paper, we suggest the effective Real-time LOD(level-of-detail) algorithm for displaying the huge terrain data and processing mass geometry. We used a hierarchy structure with $4{\times}4$ and $2{\times}2$ tiles for real-time rendering of mass volume DEM which acquired from Digital map, LiDAR, DTM and DSM. Moreover, texture mapping is performed to visualize realistically while displaying height data of normalized Giga Byte level with user oriented terrain information and creating hill shade map using height data to hierarchy tile structure of file type. Large volume of terrain data was transformed to LOD data for real time visualization. This paper show the new LOD algorithm for seamless visualization, high quality, minimize the data loss and maximize the frame speed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.342-348
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• 2016

We propose an obstacle detection algorithm for unmanned ground vehicle on uneven terrain. The key ideas of the proposed algorithm are the use of two-layer laser range data to calculate the gradient of a target, which is characterized as either ground or obstacles. The proposed obstacle detection algorithm includes 4-steps: 1) Obtain the distance data for each angle from multiple lidars or a multi-layer scan lidar. 2) Calcualate the gradient for each angle of the uneven terrain. 3) Determine ground or obstacle for each angle on the basis of reference gradient. 4) Generate a new distance data for each angle for a virtual laser scanner. The proposed algorithm is verified by various experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.515-521
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose Quad BTC that compresses DSM files to allow random access for TRF (Terrain Referenced Flight). The terrain data used for TRF has a large data capacity to be stored in the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), so its size must be reduced through compression. Conventional BTC (Block Truncation Coding) based compression methods are suitable for TRF because it can decode randomly accessing specific coordinates. However, These conventional methods have a problem that the error increases because the deviation of the data increases as the size of the block increases. In this paper, we propose Quad BTC method that adaptively divides a block in to 4 sub blocks and compresses to solve this problem. The proposed method may reduce errors because the size of the sub block can be adjusted within the block. Through simulation using actual terrain data, it is verified that Quad BTC has less error at the same compression ratio than conventional BTC and AM BTC.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Recently, the construction of three dimensional spatial information of Dam reservoir area is very important part in Dam management work such as sediment survey, but it is difficult to acquire detailed terrain data because totalstation and single beam echo sounder are applied to terrain survey. This study presented method to construct detailed terrain data of Dam reservoir area using LiDAR and multi beam echo sounder. First, LiDAR survey was carried out in land zone and calibration process was applied by ground control point. And also the DEM of land zone was constructed by using algorithm, which eliminated building and vegetation class. As the result of validation of LiDAR DEM using GPS terrain survey, it was possible to construct three dimensional terrain data that was satisfied with the tolerance error of LiDAR, which was the standard error of LiDAR DEM showed as 0.108m. Also multi beam echo sounder was applied to the survey of water zone and it could construct spatial information that was satisfied with bathymetry surveying tolerance error of International Hydrographic Organization by validation with terrain survey data. And LiDAR and multi beam echo sounder data were integrated and it was possible to construct three dimensional spatial imagery information that can be applied to Dam management work such as the estimation of sediment amounts or the monitoring of terrain change by linking with high resolution orthophoto.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.229-234
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• 1998

We study on a terrain contour matching algorithm using Radial Basis Functions(RBFs) for aided inertial navigation system for position fixing aircraft, cruise missiles or re-entry vehicles. The parameter optimization technique is used for updating the parameters describing the characteristics of an area with modified Gaussian least square differential correction algorithm and the step size limitation filter according to the amount of updates. We have applied the algorithm for matching a sampled area with a target area supposed that the area data are available from Radar Terrain Sensor(RTS) and Reference Altitude Sensor(RAS)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1986

To improve the accuracy of the interpolation point of the digital terrain models, this paper compared the methods of terrain data acquisition and the equations of the curved surface