• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the durability of ternary blended concrete mixtures adding ultra fine admixture. METHODS : From the literature review, crack was considered as the main distress failure criterion on concrete bridge deck pavement. To reduce the initial crack development due to drying shrinkage, CSA expansion agent and shrink reduction agent were used to ternary blended concrete mixtures as a admixture. Laboratory tests including chloride ion penetration test, surface scaling test, rapid freeze & thaw resistance test, non restrained drying shrinkage and restrained drying shrinkage test were conducted to verify the durability of ternary blended concrete mixtures. RESULTS : Based on the test results, proposed mixtures were verified as high qualified durable materials. Expecially initial drying shrinkage crack was not occurred in ternary blended concrete mixtures with CSA expansion agent. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that the durability of proposed ternary blend concrete mixture was acceptable to apply for the concrete bridge deck pavement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

When flammable gases are mixed with air or oxygen in the explosion concentration range and are ignited by sufficiently large electrostatic discharge energy, they may explode causing severe disaster in workplace. The minimum ignition energy(MIE) of single gas-air mixtures has been already investigated by many research, but the MIE of mixtures of more than ternary gas mixture is not examined yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the MIE of a ternary gas(methane, ethylene, hydrogen, propane) mixtures experimentally. The results of our experiment show that the ignition of a methane-ethylene-air, methane-hydrogen-air, methane-propane-air, ethylene-hydrogen-air, ethylene-propane-air and hydrogen-propane-air mixture due to electrostatic discharge energy primarily depends on that the mixture: the MIE decreases gradually with the increase of having the lower MIE than other mixture ratio in the normal atmospheric pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.76-82
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• 1997

Flash points ire used to classify flammable liquids according to their relative flammability. Such a classification is important for the safe handling of flammable liquids which constitute the solvent mixtures. MRSM(modified response surface methodology)-1 and MRSM-2 models we suggested for the prediction of the flash points in the flammable ternary system. By means of this methodology, it is possible to predict the flash points of the flammable mixtures system using computer graphics in the triangular coordinate for the ternary system. The proposed methodology(MRSM) has been tested and compared successfully with previously reported flash points in journal for the ternary system.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

This paper investigated the influence of binary and ternary blends of mineral admixtures in self-compacted mortar (SCM) on the fresh, mechanical and durability properties. For this purpose, 25 mortar mixtures were prepared having a total binder content of $640kg/cm^3$ and water/binder ratio between 0.41 and 0.50. All the mixtures consisted of Portland cement (PC), fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) as binary and ternary blends and air-entrained admixture wasn't used while control mixture contained only PC. The compressive and tensile strength tests were conducted for 28 and 91 days as well as slump-flow and V-funnel time tests whilst freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance and capillary water absorption tests were made for 91-day. Finally, in general, the use of SF with FA as ternary blends improved the tensile strength of mortars at 28- and 91-day while the use of SF15 with FA increased the compressive strength of the mortars compared to binary blends of FA. SCM mixtures with ternary blends had lower the sorptivity values than that of the mortars with binary blends of FA and the control mixture due to the beneficial properties of SF while the use of FA with SF as ternary blends induced the F-T resistance enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.262-270
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• 2001

This paper deals with a prediction method for the condensation of ternary refrigerant mixture inside a horizontal smooth tube. Based on some reliable assumptions, the governing equations for the local heat and mass transfer characteristics are derived, and the prediction for the condensation of ternary zeotropic refrigerant mixtures composed of HFC32/HFC125/HFC134a, including R407C, is carried out. The local values of vapor quality, thermodynamic states at bulk vapor, vapor-liquid interface and bulk liquid, mass flux etc. are obtained for a constant wall temperature and a constant wall heat flux conditions, and the effects of the composition of HFC32/HFC125/HFC134a on heat transfer characteristics are examined. The prediction result is also compared with experimental data for condensation of ternary refrigerant mixtures. The predicted wall temperature distribution has a similar trend with experimental data but the predicted local heat transfer coefficients are 20-30% higher than the experimental data.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 1996

Pervaporation experiments of ternary ethanol/isopropanol/water mixtures were performed using poly(dimethyl siloxane)(PDMS) membrane at $45^{\circ}C$ and the mutual effects of ethanol and isopropanol on the permeation characteristics were studied. Compared to the case of the binary aqueous ethanol or isopropanol solutions, the existence of ethanol or isopropanol in the ternary mixtures resulted in the depression of each other's permeation rate. The depression effect of ethanol on the isopropanol permeation was more considerable than the depression effect of isopropanol on the ethanol permeation. These decreases in the permeation rate were thought to be due to the larger interactions between permeants than the plasticizing effects of ethanol or isopropanol on the polymer membrane. The strong interactions between permeants reduced the driving forces for both ethanol and isopropanol permeation in the ternary mixtures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1125-1126
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• 2010

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 1990

Correlations have been developed for estimating the viscosities of ternary mixtures of sucrose-sodium chloride-water over a temperature range of $10-40^{\circ}C$ and a concentration range of 1.0064-5.7037 molality sodium chloride and 0.3436-2.5966 molality sucrose. The viscosity data of sodium chloride and sucrose solutions have been fitted very well utilizing proposed polynomial equation, respectively and the temperature dependence analysis for sodium chloride and sucrose solutions showed that 1/T dependence is accurate. The experimental viscosity data for surose-sodium chloride-water mixtures were fitted to a five parameter polynomial with a goodness of fit approximating experimental error and it seems that there is no significant Interaction between sodium chloride and surose solutions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.292-302
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• 1998

In this study, 14 refrigerant mixtures composed of R32, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, and R1270(Propylene) were tested in a breadboard heat pump in an attempt to replace R22 used in most of the residential air conditioners and heat pumps. The heat pump was of 1 ton capacity and water was employed as the secondary heat transfer fluids. All tests were conducted under ARI test A condition. Ternary mixtures composed of R32, R125, and R134a were shown to have 4∼5% higher COP and capacity than R22 and hence they seem to be very promising candidates to replace R22. On the other hand, ternary mixtures containing R125, R134a, and R152a have lower COP and capacity than R22. R32/R134a binary mixtures show a 7% increase in COP and have the similar capacity to that of R22 and hence they are also good candidates to replace R22. Special care must be exercised when a suction line heat exchanger is used with these mixtures in air conditioners. Finally, the compressor discharge temperatures of all mixtures tested were lower than those of R22 by 15.g∼34.7t, which indicates that these mixtures would offer better system reliability and longer life time than R22.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 2016

Electrical apparatuses for use in the presence of flammable gas atmospheres have to be specially designed to prevent them from igniting the explosive gas. Flameproof design implies that electrical components producing electrical sparks are contained in enclosures and withstand the maximum pressure of internal gas or vapours. In addition, any gaps in the enclosure wall have to designed in such a way that they will not transmit a gas explosion inside the enclosure to an explosive gas or vapours atmosphere outside it. In this study, we explained some of the most important physical mechanism of MESG(Maximum Experimental Safe Gap) that the jet of combustion products ejected through the flame gap to the external surroundings do not have an energy and temperature large enough to initiate an ignition of external gas or vapours. We measured the MESG and maximum explosion pressure of ternary gas mixtures(propane-acetylene-air) by the test method and procedure of IEC 60079-20-1:2010. As a result, the composition of propane gas that has lower explosive power than acetylene gas in the ternary gas mixtures makes greater effects on MESG and explosion pressure.