• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-82
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• 2006

In order to cope with improvement of labor cost and cargo volume, Korean ports, especially Busan port, are in need of many new facilities. Of course, current facilities should be fully used, and at the same time it needs to make every effort to maximize its productivity as well as cost saving. To this end, this study has decided to focus on automatic yard operation suitable to the domestic container terminal environments, making a survey of many advanced container terminals, trying to find out their common factors, and finally suggesting several alternatives based on the combination of these factors. Also, this study has suggested the present value of initial investment and operating cost by alternative, and at the same time presented the relationship between cargo handling volume and cost/revenue of the optimal alternative, so that it may be of help in decision making.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.89-120
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to suggest a new approach to the terminal operators in order for them to efficiently control their operation cost and support the strategic decision making system and build a performance evaluation process through the systematic cost analysis approach. This study implemented terminal cost analysis based on the traditional cost system, ABC and TDABC and compared the results of each approach. Throughout the study, the usefulness of TDABC was proved in finding operational problems and suggesting countermeasures for improving cost effectiveness and minimizing unused cost.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a method for the efficient power use in power outage. The cost is high and conversion into the other function is difficult since the terminal used in conventional home network system has a dedicated function. This method is based on home network system employed with photovoltaic system. Throughout the modularization of the terminal, the variable function and cost reduction can be achieved. Additionally the unit cost can be reduced by using the power line communication. The prototype of light-control terminal has been implemented. The experimental results with the terminal show the performance of light-control system and the possibility of the commercialization can be achieved.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This study intends to estimate the tangible benefits derived from the integration of operations of an Express Intercity Bus Terminal and a Highway Service Area. METHODS: For the study, a highway service area was chosen to function as a bus terminal, integrating its services with that of a nearby bus terminal plagued by operating losses. The exercise also helped improve mobility owing to the introduction of local buses between the terminals and utilization of the existing infrastructure such as rest areas. Thus, a terminal that was not being utilized for its intended functionality was integrated with an existing facility to improve the utilization of both and subsequently aid local development. The impact of the exercise was then measured by evaluating the variation in utilization efficiency, operating costs, travel time between two regions (Seoul-Jeomchon and Seoul-Geumsan), and the social costs before and after the integration of the two facilities. RESULTS :The impact of the integration was an increase in utilization efficiency, a decrease in operating cost, a decrease in travel time, and a decrease in social cost in both the regions. The benefits of improved utilization and cost saving can be passed on to the citizens in the form of discounts. A local power generation facility will eventually replace the bus terminal, which can revitalize the local economy. CONCLUSIONS :The integration of the highway service area with the bus terminal is expected to have a win-win effect on the passengers as well as the operators. The study also proposes a sustainable strategic plan for existing terminals and rest areas to implement a method to compete with KTX transportation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to compare medical cost of hospice care and that of conventional care during the last year of life, and identify factors that influenced the cost. From January to August 2003 592 terminal cancer patients receiving care from 5 hospice care units and 2 hospice care teams in general hospitals were enrolled to case group. Two hundreds and seventy two terminal cancer patients receiving conventional care from 7 general hospitals were enrolled to hospital-based control group, and 1,636 terminal cancer patients from 122 general hospitals located in same regions with the 7 hospitals were enrolled to community-based control. We used characteristics and medical cost from data of National Health Insurance Cooperation. Total medical cost per beneficiary in cases was about 10 millions won, 14.5 millions in hospital-based controls and 11.1 millions in community-based controls. The hospice care saved $45\%$ over the last year of life compared with hospital-based controls (p<0.0001). Saving of inpatient cost account for approximately $80\%$ of saving per beneficiary. Hospice care saved $29\%$ of medical cost per hospitalization day compared with hospital­based controls and $17\%$ compared with community-based controls (p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses showed that hospice care significantly saved the medical cost. This study suggest that hospice care save medical cost compared with hospital-based control and community-based control. Most of saving of inpatient cost account for approximately $80\%$ of saving of medical cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.27-29
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• 2017

Container terminals in Northern Vietnam have recorded an impressive development in recent years. This development, however, also raises a fierce competition among local container terminals to attract customers. Beside the handling charges, the vessels' waiting cost is also an important factor that drive the opinion of users in choosing appropriate terminal. This research plans to estimate the waiting cost in different container terminals in Northern Vietnam by building regression equation that describe the relationship between the rate of throughput/capacity and waiting cost/TEU. Queuing theory with the application of Poisson distibution is used to estimate the waiting time of arrival vessels and uncertainty theory is applied to estimate the vessel's daily expenses. Previous studies suggested two different formation of the equation and according to the research results, cubic equation is more suitable in the given case. The research results are also useful for further research which require calculation of waiting cost per TEU in each container terminal in Northern Vietnam.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.801-806
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• 2007

The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) enables decision makers to represent the interaction of multiple factors in complex and unstructured situations. The process requires the decision maker to develop a hierarchical structure of the factors in the given problem and to provide judgments about the relative importance of each of these factors and ultimately to specify a preference for each decision alternative with respect to each factor. The research presented in this paper applies the AHP to identify key players in promoting port competitiveness. The literature survey revealed four major criteria and 15 sub-criteria. The four factors are cost, service quality, facility/capacity and economic-social variable. 150 questionnaires suitable for AHP analysis were made and 77 were returned. It is found that in terms of cost, the first key player is terminal operator and the second key player is shipping companies calling Busan port; in terms of service quality, the first key player is terminal operator, and the second key player is shipping companies calling Busan port; in terms of facility/capacity, the first key player is port authority and the second key player is terminal operator; in terms of economic-social variable, the first key player is terminal operator, and the second key player is shipping companies calling Busan port.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.275-278
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• 2000

This paper focuses on a performance analysis model for optimizing the freight terminal design and layout using AutoMod simulator and numerical analysis. We developed a model to analyze the freiht terminal performance per unit time and the material handling cost based on both throughput and waiting due to conjestion. We developed computer program for this model and some sample results by both numerical method and AutoMod simulator are compared.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2000

When a terminal frequently crosses a RA or a call originate in a boundry cell, HLR should be updated or queried. Frequent DB accesses and message transfers may cause the HLR bottleneck and degrade the system performance. This paper propose scheme to solve the HLR bottleneck problem and reduce to call registration cost and call tracking cost in wirless networks.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2081-2086
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• 2005

This paper proposes the receding horizon $H_{\infty}$ predictive control (RHHPC) for systems with a state-delay. We first proposes a new cost function for a finite horizon dynamic game problem. The proposed cost function includes two terminal weighting terns, each of which is parameterized by a positive definite matrix, called a terminal weighting matrix. Secondly, we derive the RHHPC from the solution to the finite dynamic game problem. Thirdly, we propose an LMI condition under which the saddle point value satisfies the well-known nonincreasing monotonicity. Finally, we shows the asymptotic stability and $H_{\infty}$-norm boundedness of the closed-loop system controlled by the proposed RHHPC. Through a numerical example, we show that the proposed RHHC is stabilizing and satisfies the infinite horizon $H_{\infty}$-norm bound.