• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of maturation, fertilization, and embryo development of in vitro-matured human oocytes derived from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: Immature oocytes were obtained by needle aspiration from 49 pregnant women (group 1) who underwent a cesarean section at term and 77 non-pregnant women (group 2) who underwent a gynecological operation during the same period (8 months). Healthy immature oocytes (530 in group 1 and 539 in group 2) were cultured and assessed for maturation 36 hours later. Mature oocytes were inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and cultured up to 144 hours. Results: The percentage of degenerated oocytes was significantly higher (12.1% vs. 6.3%; p<0.001) in group 1 than in group 2. There was no significant difference in the maturation rate (66.8% vs. 68.1%; p=0.698), fertilization rate (66.7% vs. 67.6%; p=0.857), or the rate of formation of good-quality blastocysts (46.2% vs. 47.2%; p=0.898) in oocytes obtained from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Conclusion: The developmental competence of immature oocytes did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1036-1041
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• 2003

Ecological studies have indicated that the essential fatty acids in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples are associated with gestational length and birth weight. The objectives of this study were to examine serum fatty acid concentration, particularly $\omega$3 fatty acids, in maternal and umbilical cord blood and to investigate the relationship of serum fatty acid levels in the blood of the mother and of the umbilical cord. Subjects consisted of 30 full-term and 30 pre-term mothers and neonates of both groups. Serum levels of fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. The concentration of total saturated fatty acids in pre-term pregnant women was significantly higher than that of the full-term group (p<0.05), however, the maternal level of $\omega$3 fatty acids in the pre-term group was significantly lower than that of the full-term pregnant women (p<0.05), Moreover, the concentrations of $\alpha$-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in full-term pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the pre-term group. In umbilical cord blood, the levels of total $\omega$3 fatty acid and arachidonic acid were significantly lower in the pre-term group than in the full-term group (p<0.05). Based on the coefficient of correlation between serum fatty acids in the mother and the umbilical cord, it turned out that in the full-term group, the newborn's umbilical cord serum fatty acids were not influenced by the levels of serum fatty acids in the mother. However, in the pre-term group, it seems to have positive correlations in terms of the levels of SFA, MUFA, PUFA and $\alpha$-linolenic acid. This study suggests that a lower status of $\omega$3 fatty acids in maternal and umbilical cord blood probably is a risk factor for pre-term birth.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2021

본 연구는 HRV 신호를 분석하여 비임산부와 임산부의 시기별 자율신경계 활성도를 비교하였다. W병원의 질병이 없는 임산부 99명과 비임산부 27명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 획득한 HRV 신호는 프로그램을 이용해 시간영역 분석, 주파수 영역 분석을 실시하였다. 측정된 값은 일원배치 분산 분석을 통해 임신 시기별 간의 차이를 통계 분석 하였다. 결과에서, 시간 영역 분석에서 SDNN과 RMSSD는 임신 초기와 비임신 여성의 결과값이 임신 중기, 말기와 비교했을 때 유의하게 높았다. 주파수 영역 분석에서 LF와 HF는 임신 초기와 비임신의 값이 중기, 말기에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나 VLF와 LF/HF에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 임신이 진행될수록 비임신 상태와 임신 초기보다 중기 및 말기에 자율신경 조절 능력이 저하되고 신체적 피로도와 정신적 피로도가 증가하게 되는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 임신 기간이 길어질수록 임산부의 심신 안정을 유지하기 위해 각별한 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2003

Objectives : A Pregnancy becomes a developmental challenge and a life-turning point for both the woman herself and her family. The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation amomg the family support, intention of pregnancy and the antenatal self-care of pregnant women. Method : The data were collected from 129 pregnant women by a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, using the SPSS program. Result : The findings of the study are as fellows : Statistically significant variables related to family support were age, religion, educational level, occupation, relationship with husband, relationship with mother. Statistically significant variables related to intention of pregnancy were religion, abortion history. Statistically significant variables related to antenatal self-care were age, religion, occupation, abortion history, relationship with mother, the term of marriage. There was a significant correlation between family support and intention of pregnancy, family support and antenatal self-care, intention of pregnancy and antenatal self-care. Conclusion : Therefore, it is proposed that family support is an appropriate nursing intervention to improve the antenatal self-care and intention of pregnancy in pregnant women.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a Qigong prenatal education program on anxiety, depression and physical symptoms in pregnant women. Method: The subjects were a total of 40 pregnant women who received regular prenatal care at S hospital. Twenty people were enrolled in the Qigong prenatal education program and were assigned to the experimental group. The other 20 people who received regular prenatal care only were the control group. The Qigong prenatal education program was given to the experimental group once a week and 2 hours per session for 4 weeks. Anxiety, depression and physical symptoms were collected by a self-administered study questionnaire at the pre- and post-test. Result: There were no significant differences in subjects' general characteristics or pretest scores of study variables at the pretest indicating both groups were homogeneous. Differential t-tests were used to test the effects of the Qigong prenatal education program on study variables. Pregnant women who received the Qigong prenatal education program had a lower level of depression than those who did not attend(t=2.23, p=.03). There were no significant differences on anxiety and physical symptoms. Conclusion: The Qigong prenatal education program was effective in alleviating depression during pregnancy. However, further study is needed to replicate the results with a greater sample size and to investigate the long term effects of the program on the labor and delivery process.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 1999

목 적 : 산모 혈청 및 그들의 신생아 제대혈청의 A형 간염 바이러스에 대한 IgG 항체(Hav IgG) 양성율 및 항체가 수준, 항체의 경태반 전이율에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 1998년 1윌 1일부터 5월 31일까지 고려대학교 안산병원에 정상분만을 위해 내원한 산모와 그들의 신생아 제대에서 혈액을 채취하여 Hav IgG를 측정하였다. 검사는 방사성 면역 항체 검사법인 HEPAVIDINE$^{125}$A(General Biologicals Corp. Hsin Chu, Taiwan)를 이용하였으며, 항체가는 정해진 방법에 따라 gamma counter를 이용해 counter per minute(CPM)로 측정하였고, CPM 값이 4,903 이상인 경우 양성으로 판정하였다. 신생아 중 재태 연령 37주 미만, 또는 출생 체중 2,500g 미안인 경우는 대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상 산모와 신생아는 42쌍(남아 23명, 여아 19명) 이었으며 산모 평균 연령 $29.5{\pm}3.0$세, 신생아 재태 연령 $39.9{\pm}1.0$주, 신생아 출생 체중 $3.48{\pm}0.39kg$이었다. 2) Hav IgG 양성율은 산모 78.6%, 신생아 81.0% 였고, 항체의 CPM은 산모 $7,528{\pm}2,819$, 신생아 $7,684{\pm}2,740$이었다. 양군간에 항체 양성율과 항체가의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 산모와 신생아의 Hav IgG CPM 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(r=0.9285, P<0.001), 산모 및 신생아의 항체가와 산모 연령, 재태 연령, 출생 체중 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 산모와 신생아 제대혈의 Hav IgG는 비슷한 양성율과 항체가 수준을 보였고 모체와 신생아 항체가는 양성관계에 있었다. 향후 항체 보유수준의 변화를 알기위하여 계속적인 항체 보유 실태와 경태반 전이 항체의 소실 시기에 대한 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the folate nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relation between folate levels of maternal-umbilical cord blood, placenta tissue, and pregnancy outcomes. The study subjects consisted of 25 pregnant women who have had normal term deliveries. Dietary folate intakes of the pregnants were estimated by semi quantitative frequency questionnaire and the serum and placenta tissue folate level was measured by microbiological analysis. The total folate intakes of the pregnant women was 655.6 ${\mu}$g/d, which was 131.1% of the Korean RDA for pregnants. Maternal serum folate level was 16.18ng/ml, which was significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood (34.98ng/ml, p<0.05). Mean folate concentration of the placental tissue was 998.0ng/ml, which was the highest compared to maternal and umbilical cord serum level. Umbilical cord serum folate level and placental tissue folate level were highly influenced by maternal serum folate level. The umbilical cord folate levels of the infant group whose birth weight was higher than 3500g were significantly higher than the group whose birth weight was less than 3500g (p<0.05). The placental folate level was significantly higher in maternal group who showed desirable weight gain during pregnancy (11 - 14kg). In conclusion, the birth weigt was related to the umbilical cord folate level and the maternal weight gain was affected by the placental folate level.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.352-362
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• 1994

1993년 9월 1일부터 1994년 9월 30일 까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에서 진단, 분만한 35례의 임신성 고혈압 산모와 37례의 정상 만삭임선 산모의 혈액소견과 그 선생아의 혈액소견 및 혈청 철 상태를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 임신성 고혈압 임부에서 혈색소의 증가가 있었다. 임신성 고혈압 및 정산 만삭 임부의 혈색소 농도와 그 신생아의 혈청 철 상태사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 임신성 고혈압 임산부의 신생아와 정상 만삭 임산부의 신생아 제대혈액내의 혈색소 농도 및 hematocrit치는 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 임신성 고혈압 임산부의 신생아는 정상 만삭 임산부의 신생아에 비해 제대혈청 철이 다소 증가하고 ferritin이 감소하는 양상을 보였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 임신성 고혈압 임산부의 선생아는 정상 만삭 임산부의 신생아에 비해 총 철 결합능 및 불포화철 결합능이 현저히 증가되어 있었다. 임신성 고혈압 임산부의 신생아는 잠재적인 철 결핍의 가능성이 있으며, 출생 후의 급속한 철분의 소모에 대비하여 철 결핍에 대한 주의깊은 관찰과 예방이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to determine the roles of ET-1 and NO on uterine blood flow in pregnancy. Uterine arteries were isolated from 17 nonpregnant and 12 pregnant women. Nonpregnant group included patients with median age of $48.6{\pm}2.3$ years who underwent hysterectomy, because of myoma. Pregnant group included patients with median age of $31.3{\pm}1.4$ years undergoing cesarean delivery. ET-1 and ET-2 induced concentration-dependent contraction in isolated nonpregnant and pregnant uterine arteries. The contractile response and maximal contraction were increased in pregnant uterine arteries. In nonpregnant uterine arteries, there was no contraction in response to ET-3, whereas pregnancy induced concentration-dependent contraction by ET-3. Tissue nitrite/nitrate level and immunohistochemical staining of eNOS and iNOS were increased in pregnant uterine arteries, compared with nonpregnant uterine arteries. In addition, the expressions of eNOS and iNOS mRNA were significantly increased in pregnancy. Moreover, contractions by ET isopeptides, including ET-1, were enhanced, and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1 and ET-1 mRNA expression was increased in pregnant uterine arteries. These results suggest that NO production by increased NOS activity, especially eNOS activity, is related to placental and uterine blood flow. Furthermore, ET-1 appears to play a pathophysiological role in pregnant complications such as hypertension.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2011

Purpose: Childbirth self-efficacy plays an important role in women's ability to cope with labor and delivery. Coaching has been gaining popularity as a way to promote cognitive, emotional and behavioral change. This study aimed to test the effects of a Coaching-based childbirth program on anxiety and childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida women. Methods: The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-post design. A coaching-based childbirth program was developed synthesizing concepts and techniques from the literature on coaching and was verified by an expert panel. It consisted of four weekly 2-hour small group sessions. Pregnant women were recruited from H hospital in Seoul. Childbirth self-efficacy and state anxiety were measured before and after the program. Results: Although there was a no significant reduction in anxiety, there were statistically significant increase for childbirth self-efficacy in the experimental group when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The program appears to increase childbirth self-efficacy for pregnant women. Future studies may benefit from using mixed coaching modalities and consider measuring health behaviors and obstetric outcomes to gain insights on its long-term impact.