• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.1001-1017
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• 2021

In this paper, we first apply parabolic inequalities and a maximum principle to give a new proof for symmetry and monotonicity of solutions to fractional elliptic equations with gradient term by the method of moving planes. Under the condition of suitable initial value, by maximum principles for the fractional parabolic equations, we obtain symmetry and monotonicity of positive solutions for each finite time to nonlinear fractional parabolic equations in a bounded domain and the whole space. More generally, if bounded domain is a ball, then we show that the solution is radially symmetric and monotone decreasing about the origin for each finite time. We firmly believe that parabolic inequalities and a maximum principle introduced here can be conveniently applied to study a variety of nonlocal elliptic and parabolic problems with more general operators and more general nonlinearities.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.1_2
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• pp.267-281
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• 2022

Herein, an algorithm for efficient evaluation of oscillatory Fourier-integrals with Jacobi-Cauchy type singularities is suggested. This method is based on the use of the traditional Clenshaw-Curtis (CC) algorithms in which the given function is approximated by the truncated Chebyshev series, term by term, and the oscillatory factor is approximated by using Bessel function of the first kind. Subsequently, the modified moments are computed efficiently using the numerical steepest descent method or special functions. Furthermore, Algorithm and programming code in MATHEMATICA^® 9.0 are provided for the implementation of the method for automatic computation on a computer. Finally, selected numerical examples are given in support of our theoretical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the impact of nurse staffing level and oral care on pneumonia in elderly inpatients in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs). Methods: Data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services (HIRA) including the profiles of LTCHs, monthly patient assessment reports and medical report survey data of pneumonia patients by HIRA in the fourth quarter of 2010. The sample consisted of 37 LTCHs and 6,593 patients. Results: Patient per nurse staff (OR=1.43, CI=1.22~1.68) and no oral care (OR=1.29, CI=1.01~1.64) were significantly related with hospital acquired pneumonia. The difference in percent of oral care by hospital was not significant between high and low group in nurse staffing level. Conclusion: In order to reduce the occurrence of pneumonia in eldery patients, effective nursing interventions are not only required but also nurse staffing levels that enable nurses to provide the intervention.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

The silkworm rearing and growth parameters of 63 multivoltine silkworm accessions under extended period of egg preservation at 5$^{\circ}C$ from 30 days to 45 days were studied. The results indicate that, nine accessions did not respond to extended period of egg preservation at low temperature and the remaining 54 accessions responded to the treatment and three rearings were conducted for comparision with the control; to estimate the effect of prolonged egg preservation at low temperature. The non-parametric tests statistics (Wilcoxon tests) was adopted for comparing the mean performance of treated batches (45 days) over the control (30 days). Highly significant variability was found among the accessions for all the parameters under study. The genetically controlled morphological characters were not altered in the treated batches, which were found to be on par with that of control. However, the total larval duration varied significantly over the control in 51 accessions. Similarly, the fifth age larval duration of 27 accessions showed decreasing trend compared to control. Altogether 41 accessions were found to be tolerant to long-term cold preservation upto 45 days, without showing any significant variation for morphological as well as essential quantitative traits. These accessions may be recommended for long-term egg preservation schedule up to 45 days, which will reduce the cost of conservation of these silkworm germplasm.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2012

This study analyzes the travel behavior for short-term demand forecasting model of KTX. This research suggests the following. First, the outlier criteria is considered to appropriate twice the standard deviation of the traffic. Second, the result of a homogeneity test using ANOVA analysis has been divided into weekdays(Mon Thu and weekends(Fri Sun). Third, a cluster analysis for O/D pairs using trip frequency, traffic averages and th distance between stations was performed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1992

Thymic extract showed antitumor effect to sarcoma mice with higher dose$(200{\mu}g/mouse/day$ i.p., 4weeks) but not with low dose$(5{\mu}g/mouse/day$ i.p., 6 weeks). Direct cytotoxicities were exhibited against sarcoma 180, L1210 and MOLT-4 by MTT assay. The spleen weight of mice were increased but the number of circulating lymphocytes were not increased after long-term(2 weeks) administration of thymic extract. Evaluating the mitogenesis by MTT assay. $\%$ absorbance of human lymphocytes was not increased by thymic extract. Cell cycle statistics of S phase and $G_2/M$ phase was not increased in the presence of that by PI staining. The formation of rosette was induced, irrespectively of exposure time short-term(l hour) and long-term(2 weeks). The population of mouse blood T-cell to bind Lyt2-antimonoclonal antibody and to $L_2T_4$ were increased after administration of thymic extract$(2-200{\mu}g/mouse/day)$. From the above results, it is suggested that thymic extract exerts antitumor activity by stimulating T cells to differeniate in vivo but not in vitro.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare job satisfaction, self-esteem, and nursing task performance between registered nurses (RN) and nurse assistants (NA) in long-term care hospitals. Method: The sample consisted of 203 nursing personnel (RN 99 and AN 104), who were working in one of 5 long-term care hospitals in 5 different areas. Data were collected by structured questionnaires from March 15 to April 30, 2010, and analyzed using the descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS/Win 17.0 program. Result: There was no significant difference between nurses and nurse assistants in job satisfaction and self-esteem. But nurses had higher levels of nursing task performance than nurse assistants. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the necessity of developing programs that will help to improve job satisfaction and self-esteem in nurses and nursing task performance in nurse assistants. Strategies need to be developed to maximize the value of the existing workforce without impacting on the quality of care delivered.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand massage on fatigue, sleep satisfaction and blood pressure of the aged in a long-term care facility. Methods: The data were collected from June to August 2008. The subjects were randomly recruited from a long-term care facility in Junnam Providence and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=22) or control group (n=22). Hand massage was carried out every other day in the evening for two weeks. Massage was administered to each forearm and hand for 10 minutes. Descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test and t-test were performed using SAS program. Results: In the experimental group, the fatigue (p=.017) was significantly lower and the sleep satisfaction (p=.043) was significantly higher than for the control group. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the study, hand massage can be recommended for the elderly with sleep disturbance to reduce fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics of eating behavior according to level of functional status of elders with dementia (EWD), and to examine feeding time, change in food intake and body mass index (BMI) according to eating behavior. Methods: Participants were 149 EWD residing in long-term care facilities located in Seoul or Gyeonggi province and evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Exam-Korean version, Korean version-Activities of Daily Living, and Eating Behavior Scale (EBS). Feeding time, change in food intake, and BMI were also measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0, specifically descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Chi-square test. Results: Participants' mean EBS score was $10.43{\pm}6.01$ and half of them (54.4%) needed moderate or total assistance while eating. The EBS score was significantly lower for elders with severe dementia compared to those with mild or moderate dementia; and elders with severe ADL dependence compared to those with mild or moderate ADL dependence. Lower EBS scores were related to longer feeding time, a greater the rate of participants with decreased food intake and 'underweight' BMI. Conclusion: Nursing intervention programs which are designed for EWD are needed to maintain functional eating skills and prevent negative consequences in this population.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to provide basic data for the development of measures and promoting home health nursing by examining the current status and trends in home health nursing for long-term care (LTC) insurance beneficiaries. Methods: Secondary data, including annual LTC insurance statistics reports for 2010-2017 and LTC manpower data, were used to compute current status and trends in the provision of home health nursing. Results: Beneficiaries of home health nursing under LTC insurance, insurance-covered costs for home health nursing, home health nursing provider, and home health nursing providing institution only accounted for 3% of all insurance-covered home care services, and were on a consistent decline since 2010. In particular, vulnerable rural regions with high proportion of individuals had poor infrastructure in terms of home health nursing institutions and manpower, but had a higher home health nursing utilization rate compared to urban regions. Conclusion: In addition to measures to support home health nursing service beneficiaries, policy measures are needed to support home health nursing service personnel and institutions. Furthermore, programs to cultivate the expertise of home health nurses and improve quality of home health nursing services should be developed in order to promote home health nursing utilization in vulnerable rural regions.