• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1990

In order to design man-machine system, communication system and other tasks that require information, we need to understand the characteristics of hyman short-term memory (STM). Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the influences of information stress and retention time on human performances and their relation- ships for STM of visual invormation. Eight subjects performed the computer monitering with STM task. The results showed that performance on serial recall from STM get wores and response time (and completion time) on information transmission by recall from STM increase as information stress and retention time increase. Also, there existed inverse proportional relationship between recall performance and response time (and completion time).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1010-1013
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• 1997

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of (Z)-phenylethyl (X)-benzenesulfonates with (Y)-pyridines were investigated in acetonitrile at 60 ℃ under respective pressures. The magnitudes of the Hammett reaction constants, ρX, ρY and ρZ indicate that a stronger nucleophile leads to a greater degree of bond formation of C-N and a better leaving group is accompanied by a less degree of bond breaking. The magnitude of correlation interaction term, ρij can be used to determine the structure of the transition state (TS) for the SN reaction. As the pressure is increased, the Hammett reaction constants, ρX and |ρY|, are decreased, but correlation interaction coefficient, ρXZ and |ρYZ|, are increased. The results indicate that the reaction of (Z)-phenylethyl (X)-benzenesulfonates with (Y)-pyridines probably moves from a dissociative SN2 to early-type concerted SN2 mechanism by increasing pressure. This result shows that the correlation interaction term ρij can be useful tool to determine the structure of TS, and also the sign of the product ρXZ·ρYZ can be predict the movement of the TS.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.203-223
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• 2019

This paper examines the interactions between financial conditions and business cycles in Mongolia, a small open economy, heavily depending on commodity exports. We construct two financial conditions indexes based on the reduced form IS model and the vector autoregression (VAR) model as surveillance tools to quantify the degree of the financial conditions. We find that real short-term interest rate and real effective exchange rate gap get a higher weight in the FCIs. Both business and financial cycles are often more pronounced in Mongolia, and financial condition is dependent of the financial and monetary policies in place. The analysis of the predictive power of the FCIs for business cycles shows that they have predictive information for the near-term economic activities. FCIs are also helpful in signaling inflation turning points.

• 복식
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2007

The study aimed to classify the synonyms of clothing terms, such as equal relationship, connoting relationship and partial relationship. The subjects of the study are eleven Chinese character study books such as <石峰千字文 Seokbongcheonjamun> <丙子本千字文 Byeongjacheonjamun>, <註解千字文 Juhaecheonjamun>, <訓蒙字會 Hungmongjahoi>, <新增類合 Sinjeungyuhap>, <兒學編 Aahakpyeon(1816) (1908)>, <蒙喩編 Mongyupyeon>, <字類註釋 Jalyujuseok>, <正蒙類語 Joengmongyueo> and <通學徑編 Tonghakgyeongpyeon>, seven foreign language study books such as <譯語類解 Yeokeoyuhae>, <譯語類解補編 Yeokeoyuhae-supplementary book>, <同文類解 Dongnunyuhae>, <蒙語類解 Mongeoyuhae>, <蒙語類解補編 Mongeoyuhae-supplementary book>, <倭語類解 Oaeeoyuhae> and <方言類釋 Bangeonyuseok>, and some vocabulary books <才物譜 Jaemulbo>, <廣才物譜 Kwangjaemulbo>, <物譜 Mulbo>, <物名攷 Mulmyeongko>, and <事類博解 Salyupakhae>. There are two kinds of synonyms with equal relationship that are spelled as more than two names for the same clothing. The first group was names that have different vocabularies for the same Chinese character headword, for example, Gyeokji and Namosin, Jeoguriot and Dongdolssi, Deungjige and Got dongot, Daloi and Nangja, Jitbidan and Oaedan, jusa and jeuusya, jusa and Murui, Muja and Heoja, and so on. The second group was names that are spelled with sound and meaning of Chinese character, for example, Nuyeok and Saui, Binhyeo and Jam, Mosi and Jyeopo, and so on. Also synonyms of Chinese names were found in equal relationship. Synonyms with connoting relationship in which one name perfectly connotes meaning of another name are Gotgal and Susik, Danryeong and Gwandae, Bosyeon and Chyeong, ete. In these cases, the range of the meaning of clothing terms can be confirmed since names with broad meaning connote names with narrow meaning. There are differences in use and form. In partial relationship synonym with the same name, some synonyms like Baji and Goui, and jeoksam and Hansam have difference in use, while Gamto, Got and Sarno, Neolku and Satgat, and Nangja and Cheopji have difference in form. These presented differences among similar names.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.73-95
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• 2015

Firms have reexamined and restructured their supply chain based on a long-term and partnership perspective as a firm's competitive advantage increasingly relies on its supply chain capability. A number of scholar works has provided evidence to support the positive effects of supply chain collaboration; however, the relationship between collaboration and performance is still inconclusive. This study refuses to have blinded faith on supply chain collaboration, but rather this paper suggests that the contribution of collaboration to supply chain performance improvement can be limited and vary along the contextual characteristics of a buyer-supplier relationship. Moreover, we argue that the relationship between supply chain collaboration and performance can be curvilinear. This paper provides and test hypotheses regarding the relationship between supply chain collaboration and performance. By using data of the Manufacturing Panel Survey (MPS), this study empirically validates the hypotheses. Overall, the results of the study support our hypotheses about a limited contribution of supply chain collaboration to manufacturing performance, which is opposite to a conventional expectation. Particularly, the effects of supply chain collaboration differ depending on the dimensions of performance such as customer satisfaction, quality, cost, delivery, and flexibility as well as the dependency in the buyer-supplier relationship. Moreover, the results of the study indicate that supply chain collaboration and performance may have curvilinear relationships in a certain context. Through a comprehensive model and empirical evidence, this study presents a better understanding of supply chain collaboration and provokes an open discussion about the effects of collaboration. This study also provides insightful implications for managers of buyers as well as suppliers who wish to foster stronger supply chain performance via a deep buyer-supplier relationship and collaboration.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2006

기업들이 장기간에 걸쳐 고객관계를 구축하고 관리하여야 할 필요성이 증가함에 따라 고객이탈은 고객생애가치 관점에서 중요성이 점증하고 있다. 이에 대하여 Keaveney(1995)는 서비스 상황에서 고객이탈 및 전환행동에 서비스실패가 가장 주요한 요소임을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 Keaveney(1995) 연구를 확장하여 기존 고객들은 서비스실패 상황에서 고객-기업 관계특성의 차이에 따라 서비스실패에 대한 평가 또는 만족에 차이를 보이게 되며 이에 따라 고객이탈이 달라지게 됨을 가구단위의 연속적 서비스 상황을 중심으로 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 마케팅 문헌에 대한 고찰을 통하여 고객-기업 관계특성으로서 관계기간, 이용수준, 의사결정영향력, 산업지식 및 전환비용을 조정변수로 도출하였으며, 국내 초고석인터넷서비스 이용고객을 대상으로 실증분석을 수행하였다. 서비스실패를 결과실패와 과정실패로 고찰하여 분석한 결과 이들의 조정변수로서의 역할이 검증되었다. 본 연구는 이론적으로 서비스실패와 고객이탈과의 관계에서 다양한 고객-기업 관계특성이 조정변수로 작용하고 있음을 검토하였으며, 실무적으로 기존고객의 고객-기업 관계특성에 대한 고객정보 구축 및 이의 효율적 실행을 통하여 고객이탈을 방지할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2018

Purpose - In franchise system, how to build the relationship between the franchisor and franchisee through influence strategy is very important, because it affects on the long-term orientation like recontract intentions. Thus, this study examines the effect of mandatory influence strategy on relationship satisfaction, relationship trust, and recontract intentions in the context of food-service franchise industry. This study suggests the guidelines on how franchisor uses their influence strategy on franchisee to maintain and increase the recontract intentions. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between mandatory influence strategy, relationship satisfaction, relationship trust, and recontract intentions from the franchisee's perspective. Mandatory influence strategy divide into three sub-dimensions such as request, legalistic plea, threat. In order to test the purposes of this study, research model and hypotheses were developed. Every constructs were measured by multiple items tested and developed in the previous research. Also, the constructs utilized in this research are measured using 7-point scales anchored by "1=strongly disagree" and 7=strongly agree". The data were collected from 496 owner and owner manager franchisees and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. program. Analysis of frequency was conducted to identify the demographics and general characteristics of the survey subjects. In order to measure the reliability and validity of the measurement tools, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted and structural model analysis was conducted to verify the proposed research model. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, this research found that mandatory influence strategy is positively related to relationship satisfaction and relationship trust, but not to recontract intention directly. Second, this research also found that the full mediating role of relationship satisfaction and relationship trust between the mandatory influence strategy and recontract intention. Conclusions - The findings of this research indicate that franchisor should use properly mandatory influence strategy to improve recontract intentions through relationship satisfaction and relationship trust. Due to the nature of food-service franchise industry, which needs high relationship quality, franchisor must manage their franchisee using influence strategy in order to improve satisfaction and trust. If franchisee perceives higher relationship quality, they will show higher intention to recontract. At the end of this paper, limitations and future research directions were suggested.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

목 적 : 태아 시기의 성장이 출생 이후 성인기에 이르기까지 대사 질환 및 심혈관 질환, 제2형 당뇨병 등의 발현에 영향을 미친다는 보고들이 있어왔다. 이에, 정상 체중 만삭아의 제대혈 내 APN 과 IGF-I 농도와 태아 성장 간의 관계에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 10월부터 2005년 3월 사이에 이대목동병원에서 출생한 정상 체중 만삭아 72명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상아들의 제대혈 내 APN과 IGF-I 농도를 ELISA 방법을 이용하여 측정하였고 측정치와 출생체중, 신장, 머리둘레, 성별, ponderal index, 태반 무게, 태아-태반 무게 비, 산모의 임신 중 체중 증가, 산모의 임신 전 BMI와의 관계를 분석하였다. 결 과: 제대혈 평균 APN 농도는 29.2${\pm}$10.46 $\mu$g/mL 였으며, 제대혈 APN 농도와 체중의 관계는 체중이 증가할수록 APN 농도가 증가하다가 일정 체중에 도달한 이후에는 APN이 감소하는 종모양의 관계를 보였다. 제대혈 APN 농도는 여아에서 남아 보다 높았으며(P=0.001), 제대혈 APN 농도와 산모의 BMI는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(r=-0.301, P=0.027). 평균제대혈 IGF-I 농도는 51.26${\pm}$21.54 ng/mL 였다. 제대혈 IGF-I 농도는 출생체중과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.312, P=0.009). 결 론: 건강한 만삭아에서 제대혈 APN 농도는 출생 체중에 따라 증가하다가 일정 체중에서부터 감소하는 패턴의 종모양의 관계를 보였다. IGF-I 은 태아 성장, 특히 출생체중과 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.82-101
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• 2023

This study is to identify the maintenance service quality of eco-friendly cars, which are rapidly increasing recently. Research is conducted by synthesizing research from the perspectives of internal employees and external customers by using the service profit chain model. Specifically, it is to study the overall structural relationship between internal customer satisfaction, physical quality, interaction quality, outcome quality, external customer satisfaction and long-term orientation. For the study, 202 questionnaires were collected from internal employees and 204 questionnaires from external customers. The results of testing the research hypotheses targeting the internal employee group are as follows. As a result of testing hypothesis 1, internal customer satisfaction has a significant positive (+) effect on physical quality and interaction quality. As a result of testing hypothesis 2, the service quality of eco-friendly car maintenance has a significant positive (+) effect on each other. As a result of testing hypothesis 3, physical quality and outcome quality have a significant positive (+) effect on external customer satisfaction. The results of testing the research hypotheses targeting an external customer group are as follows. As a result of testing hypothesis 2, in the relationship between eco-friendly car maintenance service quality, physical quality has a significant positive (+) effect on interaction quality, and interaction quality has a significant positive (+) effect on outcome quality. As a result of testing hypothesis 3, interaction quality and outcome quality have a significant positive (+) effect on external customer satisfaction. As a result of testing Hypothesis 4, external customer satisfaction has a significant positive (+) effect only on intention to reuse. Finally, as a result of examining the difference in perception between the internal employee group and the external customer group in eco-friendly car maintenance service quality and external customer satisfaction, it was verified that there was a significant difference only in outcome quality and external customer satisfaction.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2013

Objectives: Emerging evidence indicates that sleep duration is associated with health outcomes. However, the relationship of sleep duration with long-term health is unclear. This study was designed to determine the relationship of sleep duration with mortality as a parameter for long-term health in a large prospective cohort study in Korea. Methods: The study population included 13 164 participants aged over 20 years from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort study. Information on sleep duration was obtained through a structured questionnaire interview. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were estimated using a Cox regression model. The non-linear relationship between sleep duration and mortality was examined non-parametrically using restricted cubic splines. Results: The HRs for all-cause mortality showed a U-shape, with the lowest point at sleep duration of 7 to 8 hours. There was an increased risk of death among persons with sleep duration of ${\leq}5$ hours (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.41) and of ${\geq}10$ hours (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.72). In stratified analysis, this relationship of HR was seen in women and in participants aged ${\geq}60$ years. Risk of cardiovascular disease-specific mortality was associated with a sleep duration of ${\leq}5$ hours (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.93). Risk of death from respiratory disease was associated with sleep duration at both extremes (${\leq}5$ and ${\geq}10$ hours). Conclusions: Sleep durations of 7 to 8 hours may be recommended to the public for a general healthy lifestyle in Korea.