• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-78
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• 2023

Purpose - The study analyzed 90 online firms worldwise and observed them for ten years to investigate their investments and firm performance variabilities. This study attemped to verify the existence of agency problems in online firms. Through this, the paper intends to expand the scope of research in the fields of investment and firm value both empirically and in theory. This study also attempted to supplement the insufficient logic of previous studies by analyzing the relationship between investment and profitability. Design/methodology - In this study, the investment is subdivided into over-, under-, and neutral investments, and an empirical analysis of the firm performance was conducted. As investment generally has long-term effects, the impact of a firm's investment on future firm performance and variabilities in firm performance was considered over the short-and medium-term period. Findings - It was found that there was a negative relationship between firms with an overinvestment and future firm performance. Underinvestment has no clear statistically significant results on firm performance. This implies that overinvestment causes more reduction in future firm performance than underinvestment. It was also found that underinvestment and overinvestment significantly increased the variability of firm performance. A positive significance was found between under- and over- investment with a variability of 3 years and overinvestment with a variability of 4 years in the future. A negative relationship was found between neutral investment propensity and future performance variabilities. Neutral investment has less effect on the future performance variability of a firm than a firm's overinvestment and underinvestment. For online firms, underinvestment and overinvestment have a greater effect on the firm's future performance variability than neutral investment. Originality/value - The agency theory predicts that information asymmetry and adverse selection problems exacerbate conflicts of interest among stakeholders, thus firm performance. The study contributed to accumulating research on online firms that are currently underexplored by analyzing the investment behavior of major firms in the online industry.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.41-64
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• 2011

This article investigates the interrelationships in daily returns using fractionally integrated error correction term and volatilities using constant conditional correlation and dynamic conditional correlation GARCH with asymmetries between Capesize and Panamax markets. Our findings are as follows. First, for the fractionally cointegrated error correction model, there is a unidirectional relationship in returns from the Panamax market to the Capesize market, but a bidirectional causal relationship prevails for the traditional error correction models. Second, the coefficients for the error correction term are all statistically significant. Of particular interest are the signs of the estimates for the error correction term, which are all negative for the Capesize return equation and all positive for the Panamax return. Third, there are bidirectional volatility spillovers between both markets and the direction of the information flow seems to be stronger from Panamax to Capesize. Fourth, the coefficients for the asymmetric term are all significantly positive in the Capesize market, but the Panamax market does not have a significant effect. However, the coefficients for the asymmetric term are all significant, implying that the leverage effect does exist in the Capesize and Panamax markets.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.13-31
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• 2016

Despite expectations of short- or long-term positive effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance, the results of existing research into this relationship are inconsistent partly due to lack of clarity about subordinate CSR concepts. In this study, keywords related to CSR concepts are extracted from atypical sources, such as newspapers, using text mining techniques to examine the relationship between CSR and firm performance. The analysis is based on data from the New York Times, a major news publication, and Google Scholar. We used text analytics to process unstructured data collected from open online documents to explore the effects of CSR on short- and long-term firm performance. The results suggest that the CSR index computed using the proposed text - online media - analytics predicts long-term performance very well compared to short-term performance in the absence of any internal firm reports or CSR institute reports. Our study demonstrates the text analytics are useful for evaluating CSR performance with respect to convenience and cost effectiveness.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural causal relationships between service image, service satisfaction, affective commitment, and customer loyalty to customers who have experienced hospital medical services, and to identifies the mediating effect of relationship proneness in explaining the effects of service image, service satisfaction, and affectivel commitment on customer loyalty. For this study, 250 respondents were surveyed and data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical package. Statistical analysis tools, such as SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 were utilized for ensuring the validity and the reliability, whereas the SEM method was used for testing the research hypothesis. The results of study are as follows. Service image had significant influence on service satisfaction and emotional commitment. First, Service satisfaction was significant for emotional commitment and customer loyalty, and emotional commitment had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Therefore, the path relations between variables were all statistically significant. Second, there was differences the moderating effect of the relationship proneness in the effects of service satisfaction, service image and affective commitment on customer loyalty. In other words, the moderating effect of the relationship tendency was consistent with the research hypothesis and the adjustment effect was significant in the relationship between service satisfaction and customer loyalty. However, there was no control effect in relation to service image and customer loyalty and affective commitment and customer loyalty. Therefore, In order to secure long-term and stable profits by establishing a relationship with their customers, the medical service marketing strategies of hospitals should be promoted to enhance customer loyalty by raising the level of service satisfaction to high relationship proneness group and by raising the the level of affective commitment to low relationship proneness group.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.903-920
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• 2019

This study was aimed to prepare the evidences for establishing policies on nursing manpower by identifying the relationship among delegation level of nursing activities, nursing professionalism and turnover intention in long-term care hospital nurses. The study was a descriptive survey research that used a structured questionnaire. 146 nurses agreed to take part in the research. They worked in six long-term care hospitals located in A and B province. Data were collected from July to August 2016 and analyzed through SPSS 20.0 program, using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and pearson's correlation coefficients. As a results, first, as for the delegation of nursing activities by long-term care hospital nurses, the levels of delegation of direct nursing activities were 34.63±14.12, and the level of delegation of indirect nursing activities were 1.71±1.75. Second, the mean score of nursing professionalism and the turnover intention of long-term care hospital nurses were 3.62±0.77 and 2.71±0.97, respectively. Third, the delegation of direct nursing activities by long-term care hospital nurses significantly differed depending on the number of nurses in the ward and the number of caregivers in the ward. The delegation of indirect nursing activities significantly differed depending on the number of nurses in the ward, the presence of conflicts and stress related to delegation. Forth, there was no significant correlation of the delegation of nursing activities by long-term care hospital nurses with nursing professionalism and with turnover intention. Most of nursing activities, were delegated to nurse aids, since there were no clear guidelines or legal procedures on nursing activities in long-term care hospital nurses. Therefore it is required to find how to clearly establish positive nursing professionalism and to develop a proper nursing manpower arrangement and the guidelines for the delegation of nursing activities in a long-term care hospital in terms of policy.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-128
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• 2020

Recently, in the process of globalization of companies, the use of third party logistics providers (3PL) has been strengthened. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of the logistics information system provided by 3PL companies. This study is to test the relationship between the effect of the characteristics of the 3PL logistics information system on the shipper's supply chain performance, that is, logistics performance, customer performance, and organizational performance, and the shipper's loyalty to the 3PL company, that is, 3PL corporate performance. In addition, long-term relationship orientation is to test whether there is a moderating effect between the shipper company and the 3PL company. Through this, this study aims to provide strategic implications for improving the competitiveness of 3PL companies. In this study, a total 205 data were collected and used for analysis of shippers companies for hypothesis testing, and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical programs. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, it was found that the accuracy, timeliness, and usefulness of the 3PL logistics information system all had a significant positive (+) effect on the performance of the shipper's supply chain. Second, it was found that the accuracy, timeliness, and usefulness of the 3PL logistics information system all had a significant positive (+) effect on 3PL corporate performance. Third, it was found that the performance of the supply chain of the shipper company had a significant positive (+) effect on the performance of the 3PL company. Finally, it was found that long-term relationship orientation had a moderating effect on the relationship between the performance of the shipper company's supply chain and the performance of the 3PL company. The purpose of this study is to provide academic and practical implications for securing competitive advantage through the logistics information system of 3PL logistics companies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

This study is to establish the effects on B2B(Business-to-Business) industrial product market of the Marketing Communication which used in B2C(Business-to-Customer) has influences on Trust and Trust has influences on Long-Term Orientation through survey targeting 177 wholesale and retail dealers of Air-Tool distribution. Accordance with these conclusions, The Trust that the customer felt for Supplier was a positive influence on Long-Term Orientation. Also advertising of marketing communication is useful for increasing the Trust. Thus, to increase Long-Term Orientation on B2B, supplier needs to increase Trust and to find another marketing communication factors increased Trust is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of chronic pain on the lives of elderly people in long-term care service was analyzed based on the mediated effect of depression. The research data was sampled from elderly people in long-term care services, 204 people participated. From mediated regression analysis, depression was the most relevant factor on the quality of life, followed by chronic pain. With chronic pain and depression as independent variables and quality of life as a dependent variable, depression was proved to have had a fully mediated effect on quality of life. The result of this study suggested that convergence of various support systems should be implemented for the elderly in long-term care services.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.217-225
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• 2016

Linear polarization resistance (LPR) testing of soils has been used extensively by a number of water utilities across Australia for many years now to determine the condition of buried ferrous water mains. The LPR test itself is a relatively simple, inexpensive test that serves as a substitute for actual exhumation and physical inspection of buried water mains to determine corrosion losses. LPR testing results (and the corresponding pit depth estimates) in combination with proprietary pipe failure algorithms can provideauseful predictive tool in determiningthe current and future conditions of an asset. Anumber of LPR tests have been developed on soil by various researchers over the years1), but few have gained widespread commercial use, partly due to the difficulty in replicating the results. This author developed an electrochemical cell that was suitable for LPR soil testing and utilized this cell to test a series of soil samples obtained through an extensive program of field exhumations. The objective of this testing was to examine the relationship between short-term electrochemical testing and long-term in-situ corrosion of buried water mains, utilizing an LPR test that could be robustly replicated. Forty-one soil samples and related corrosion data were obtained from ad hoc condition assessments of buried water mains located throughout the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Each sample was subjected to the electrochemical test developed by the author, and the resulting polarization data were compared with long-term pitting data obtained from each water main. The results of this testing program enabled the author to undertake a comprehensive review of the LPR technique as it is applied to soils and to examine whether correlations can be made between LPR testing results and long-term field corrosion.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.143-156
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• 2003

The present study was initially designed to figure out the general condition of care giving system for the elderly women who need long term care and the level of their depression according to the conditions of care. And This research is intented to present appropriate policy that could help the establishment of supporting system for the fragile elderly women.1 used the data from <2001 National Study on the Needs for the Long-Term Care Elderly> by Korea Health and Population Institute. The results are as follows: First, Two third of all the respondents had serious problems (2-9 activities limits) in Instrumental Daily Living Ability(DAL). Most respondents reported “low” in satisfaction level related to receiving care, meaning the elderly had negative perception for the care from the family. The elderly expected their children to be as the primary care giver and mostly wanted to live with them in the future. Second, The majority of the long term care elderly women haven't used community service facilities very often and said they are not likely going to use the facilities in the future. Third, The respondents reported high in depression level as to lower satisfaction with their children's support, poorer health condition, more reluctant to use service facilities due to the cost, and fewer friends and neighbors resources around them. Therefore I could say that negative factors for the elderly women's psychological health were having unsatisfactory relationship with intimate people, developing physical illness, being in economic difficulties. That is, receiving less help from close family members, shrinking social network, and experiencing economic hardship would have negative effects on elderly women's psychological health. In the basis of these results, I suggest that in the mean time we shouldn't overlook the importance of the private support when we develop the public elderly support system.