• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.205-220
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting consumer's housing tenure status by various household's characteristics. This study used 1997 KHPS(Korea Household Panel Study) by Daewoo Economic Research Institute and used 1,977 households for the analysis. The results of this research were summarized as follows; 1. There were major differences in household's characteristics by consumer's housing tenure status, except for the household's monthly income and savings. 2. Factors affecting consumer's choice of ‘owning’ a housing and taking a ‘chonsei’ system were very similar, but they affected in the opposite direction. 3. Factors affecting consumer's choice of taking a ‘chonsei’ system and ‘renting’ a house were much more similar, and they affected in the same direction. This study can be useful in developing housing service and design, and housing policy by consumer's choice of housing tenure status.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.393-404
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• 2014

With consideration of proximate and intricate relationships among rural livelihood, farm land and forestry; this paper examined impact of land tenure reform on local peoples' forest dependency by taking Ethiopia as case study. The post 1975 major land tenure reform and associated activities such as land distribution and forest demarcation were found to be short of minimizing pressure on the forest as has been evidenced by percentage of new households established inside the forest and current level of dependency on the forest. With most of recently established households all making up the poor and very poor categories, together with overall of household composition which is dominated by dependent members coupled by current land tenure system that tie farmers with their land, future dependency on the already diminished forest seems to increase unabated. Reconsidering the existing land tenure system backed by policy for livelihood diversification, improvement in rural education and awareness on demographic issues can minimize future dependency on the forest.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.295-327
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• 2011

Although there are many studies on the retirement recently, very few studies have empirically addressed on mandatory retirement. In Korea, several scholars suggest that the seniority systems may be the main reason that employers have been reluctant to hire older workers. Therefore, the seniority system that Lazear(1979) proposed has significant implication on explaining mandatory retirement in Korea. Thus, this study aims to examine the seniority system that Lazear proposed can explain the retired employees' mandatory retirement. The empirical study is based on Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. wave I-II. The main result from this analysis is that interaction between wage and job tenure on mandatory retirement is statistically significant. For employees with high wage growth rates, the probability of mandatory retirement rate is higher as their job tenure is longer. On the other hand those employees with wage growth rates, that is lower although their job tenure is longer. This study supports the assertion of Lazear(1979).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.84-99
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• 1999

In China, primary purpose of policy concerning land tenure system was to maintain social homogeneity among people and growth of productivity. Even before reformed by Deng Shao Ping's government, left wing who had placed more importance on the social unity. When they gained political power, pressing against market oriented agricultural policy for the collective farming system. However right wing prefered to adopt the productivity oriented policy, which might lead to individualized farming system at the cost of social unity. Since Chinese government following principles of social economy put more weight on social unities rather than productivity growth, farming system and rural community became developed into homogeneous structure across the nation before Deng Shao Ping's reform. Process for People's Commune, followed by first and then second level coperations starting from group farming so called Hozozo, was historical reflection of developing such land tenure system. However, even under People's Commune, farmers' efforts could be found to increase their own productivity along with emerged private farming, in which Posandoho with week private farming system was gradually developed into Pogandoho. As Deng's government encouraged farmers to increase productivity through the market oriented measure, there had been wide spread of Pogandoho among the farmers even before legal desolution of Peoples' Commune was realized.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-62
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate determinants of firms' workforce reduction ratio in Korea, utilizing a dataset surveyed by Korea Labor Institute in 1999. We hypothesize that firms' employment structure has an effect on their workforce reduction ratio. Our findings indicate that the ratio of the layoffs and/or the buyouts is higher, as the average tenure of employees is longer. The findings also indicate that the unionization as a proxy variable for the intensity of the seniority-based pay moderates positively the effect of employees' tenure on the workforce reduction ratio, implying that the more seniority-based the pay system is, the higher positive effect the average tenure of employees has on the workforce reduction ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2021

This study aims to examine (1) the association between the chief executive officer tenure and audit quality, (2) the relationship between chief executive officer duality and audit quality, (3) the association between board independence and audit quality, (4) the relationship between board size and audit quality, and (5) the role of controlling variables (client size, leverage debt, and business complexity) in controlling these relationships. The research sample includes 325 financial reports from manufacturing firms listed in Amman Stock exchange over the 2014-2018 period. The study relationships are tested by using logistic regression. The results revealed a negative relationship, but not significant between CEO tenure and independent directors with audit quality. In addition, the results showed there is a negative effect of CEO duality on audit quality; also the results revealed that there is a statistically significant effect on the board of directors (board size) on the AQ. In general, the coefficient estimates of controlling variables show that client size and leverage debt positively affect audit quality, and on the contrary, business complexity has an insignificant positive relationship with audit quality. The summary of the study findings play an active role to external auditor opinion on business practice in towered the corporate governance system.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the current status and performance evaluation systems of faculty in Korean medical colleges and professional graduate medical schools (called medical schools). We developed a research tool based on previous studies and distributed it to 40 medical schools from July to October 2017. The response rate was 100%. We calculated the number of faculty members and analyzed the faculty evaluation systems and awareness according to national and private medical schools. As of 2017, the number of medical faculty in Korea was 11,111 (4,973 faculty were employed by their alma mater, which is 44.76% of the total), with non-medical doctor faculty accounting for 754 of the total. The medical schools reflect research achievements as most important for re-appointment and screening to promote faculty, and the area of education is secondary excepting clinical faculty of private medical schools. However, important issues in the faculty evaluation deal with the relevance of research achievement and the need for qualitative assessment. Some medical schools revised or have been revising the faculty evaluation system in areas such as minimum standards of education for promotion and separation of promotion and tenure review. Opening non-tenure track lines for faculty show positive effects such as increasing the number of positions for hire and easing the financial burdens of medical schools. Downfalls include inconsistencies between the responsibilities and actual practices of tenure not being available and the instability of faculty's status. In conclusion, medical schools need to prepare a faculty evaluation system that fits the position of faculty members and attempt to establish a reasonable compensation system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.44
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• pp.343-356
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• 1997

Many empiric research findings have supported that the characteristics and strength of Organization Culture(OC) is closely related with organizational performance(absenteeism, job satisfaction, cohesiveness and turnover etc.). The first purpose of this study is to review the relationship between OC and turnover as a performance factor, and the second and primary purpose is to test the moderating effects of personal factors(sex, educational career, rank, occupation, marital status, job switching, age, company tenure and job tenure) between OC and turnover. For the analytical purpose of this article, OC type is categorized as Maintainable Culture(MC), Affiliation Culture(AC), Progressive Culture(PC) and Rational Culture(RC) based on Quinn(1985). The empirical results are as followings: Moderating effects are found in sex(with MC and RC), educational career(with MC, PC and RC), job switching(with MC and RC).

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Greenberg(1990) suggested that organizational justice research may potentially explain many organizational behavior outcome variables. One example of nontraditional job behavior is service quality, for it is part of the spontaneous and innovative behaviors noted by Katz(1964). The first purpose of this research is to test the effects of organizational justice on service quality, and the second purpose is to test the moderating effects of sex and tenure on the relationships between organizational justice and service quality According to statistical analysis, only interactional justice had an impact on service quality. Also the results of moderating regression analysis showed that short term employees were more sensitive to distributive justice than long term employees. This result means short term employees are more interested In incentive system than long term employees.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this study, we report the summary characteristics of CEOs of SI firms in Korea. In the first part of our paper, age, educational background, and career of CEOs in SI firms are analyzed according to CEO types (owners versus professional managers). In the second part, CEO tenures of Si firms in Korea are compared with those in the U.S. and Japan. We found that CEO tenures of SI firms in Korea are remarkably shorter than those in the U.S. and Japan. In conclusion, we contend that CEO systems in Korean firms should be improved to guarantee the longer tenures especially for professional managers.