• 한국어류학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2006

2001년 4월부터 10월 사이에 돌산도 율림 앞바다, 2002년 4월부터 10월 사이에 연도 앞바다, 그리고 2003년 4월부터 12월 사이에 돌산도 임포 먼바다에서 정치망에 어획된 수산생물의 일일 어획자료를 이용하여 종조성과 양적 변동을 파악하고, 연도별, 장소간 종조성을 분석하였다. 2001~2003년에 여수 해역에서 정치망에 의해 삼치(Scomberomorus niphonius), 방어류 (Seriola spp.), 갈치(Trichiurus lepturus), 멸치 (Engraulis japonicus), 줄삼치(Sarda orientalis), 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus), 덕대(Pampus echinogaster), 밴댕이(Sardinella zunasi), 고등어(Scomber japonicus), 황아귀(Lophius litulon), 꼴뚜기(Loligo beka) 등이 양적으로 우세하게 어획되어 여수해역에서 정치망으로 어획된 어류의 종조성은 주로 표영성 어류가 대부분을 차지하였다. 연안역에서는 밴댕이, 덕대, 양태 (Platycephalus indicus), 꼴뚜기, 외해역에서는 삼치, 방어류, 갈치, 덕대, 살오징어, 검복(Takifugu porphyreus), 참돔(Pagrus major)의 표영성 주거종 (pelagic resident species)이 우세하였으며, 멸치는 남해 전체에서 계절적으로 연안과 외해를 이동하는 대표적인 우점종이었다. 봄에 연안에 밴댕이와 멸치가, 수심이 보다 깊은 외해에는 내유하는 멸치와 황아귀, 방어류 등 대상으로 어기가 시작되어 여름에 갈치, 삼치, 고등어, 방어류, 줄삼치, 덕대, 살오징어 등의 외양종이 연안과 외해에 회유하여 어획량이 높았다. 가을에는 연안에서 삼치, 멸치, 꼬치고기 (Sphyraena pinguis), 독가시치 (Siganus fuscescens), 주둥치 (Leiognathus nuchalis) 등이 우점하였고, 외해에서는 삼치, 덕대, 학공치(Hyporhamphus sajori), 고등어, 갈치 등이 여름에 이어 계속 출현하였으나 어획량은 감소하는 온대 해역의 전형적인 계절성을 보였다. 남해안에서 정치망에 어획된 출현종은 대부분 부어류이었으며 그 변화 정도가 심하였으나, 대형정치망 일일 어획자료은 부어류 종조성의 계절변동을 분석하는데 유의한 의미를 가질 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.701-715
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (FAO PM)를 비롯하여 Hamon, Hansen, Hargreaves-Samani, Jensen-Haise, Makkink, Priestley-Taylor, Thornthwaite 등 총 8가지 기준증발산량 산정방법을 이용하여 전국 기상청 ASOS 지점을 대상으로 각 방법에 따른 기준증발산량을 산정하여 비교하였다. 또한 가장 신뢰성이 높은 것으로 알려진 FAO PM값을 기준으로 나머지 7가지 방법에 의한 월별 편차를 분석하여 지점별 월별 보정계수를 도출하고, 보정에 따른 개선효과를 평가하였다. 먼저 각 방법의 기본계수를 적용하여 기준증발산량을 산정한 결과, 방법에 따라 큰 편차를 나타내었으며 Hansen 방법이 상대적으로 FAO PM과 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, Hamon과 Jensen-Haise 방법은 여름철을 중심으로 타 방법대비 매우 큰 값을 보였으며, FAO PM과의 편차도 크게 나타났다. 지역별로는 동해안 일부지역을 제외하고 대부분의 지역에서 FAO PM과 비교하여 기준증발산량을 과다하게 산정하는 것으로 분석되었다. FAO PM 결과와의 편차를 기반으로 지점별 월별 최적화된 보정계수를 도출하고 기준증발산량을 다시 비교한 결과, 지점에 따라 보정 전에 -46 mm~+88 mm의 범위를 보였던 월 평균값은 보정 후 -11 mm~+1 mm로 나타났으며, 연 평균값도 -393 mm~+354 mm (보정 전)에서 -33 mm~+9 mm (보정 후)로 보정을 통하여 편차가 크게 감소되었다. 또한, 기온자료만을 이용하는 Hamon, Hargreave-Samani, Thornthwaite 방법들도 보정을 통하여 FAO PM과 큰 차이없는 결과를 도출하였다. 특히 기온기반의 방법들은 기후변화 시나리오 중 상대적으로 불확실성이 낮은 기온자료만을 이용하여 미래의 장기간의 기준증발산량을 전망하거나, 월 또는 계절예측 기온정보를 이용하여 수개월간의 기준증발산량을 예측하는 경우에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2002

목적: 뇌혈관질환에 있어서 뇌혈류와 뇌혈류예비능을 기저/아세타졸아미드 뇌혈류SPECT로 평가 가능하나 재관류 수술효과를 비교 평가하기 위해서는 정량적인 평가가 필요하다. 대상 및 방법: 12명의 환자($51{\pm}15$세, 남:녀:6:6)의 수술 전후 기저 시와 아세타졸아미드 부하 뇌관류 SPECT를 SPM에서 공간정규화하고 소뇌의 계수를 기준으로 계수정규화한 후 확률뇌지도(statistical probabilistic anatomical map, SPAM)를 이용하여 부위별 혈류를 정량화하였다. 이 결과로부터 수술 전후 및 정상대조군($59{\pm}15$세, 남:녀:10:11)과의 비교를 McNemar test와 Mannwhitney test를 이용하여 비교하였다. 혈류예비능은 기저 시와 부하시의 차이를 기저 시 계수를 기준으로 백분율로 표현하였다. 결과: 수술 후 수술 부위의 기저 시와 아세타졸아미드 부하 시 혈류 그리고 혈류예비능 모두가 유의하게 향상되었다(p<0.05). 정상군과의 비교에 있어서는 기저 시 혈류는 정상군과 차이가 없을 정도로 호전되었으나, 아세타졸아미드 부하시 혈류와 혈류예비능은 수술 후에도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 혈류예비능은 주로 수술부위를 중심으로 향상되었다. 결론: SPM 및 SPAM을 이용하여 기저/아세타졸아미드 뇌혈류 SPECT의 수술 전후결과를 정량적, 객관적으로 쉽게 비교 평가할 수 있다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2013

동해 남서부에 위치한 강릉-울릉도간 해역에서 정기여객선 씨스타호에 수온, 염분 및 클로로필a 형광센서를 설치하고 2012년 7월부터 2013년9월까지 북한한류와 동한난류역을 가로질러 매일 왕복조사를 수행하여 해수물성을 연속관측 하였다. 본 연구에서는 염분과 클로로필a 형광 기록과 동해정선관측 및 환경측정망조사 결과, AVISO의 일별 표면해류도 그리고 GOCI 클로로필a 영상을 이용하여 표층해역의 염분 시계열 변동을 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 6월부터 10월까지 강릉-울릉도간 표층 해역에 염분범위 33.15~34.12의 고염분수역이 주로 환류의 중간해역이나 강한 북향류의 서쪽 경계역에서 나타났다. 이 수역의 서쪽에는 최저 염분범위가 30.58~33.20로 남향류를 수반하였고 동쪽은 31.30~33.24로 북향류가 수반되었다. 서쪽의 저염분수는 남하하는 북한한류수의 표층수이며, 동쪽의 저염분수는 북상하는 대마난류 표층수이다. 본 연구에서 확인된 북한한류수의 최저염분은 30.36이었으며, 서쪽 저염분수의 동쪽 한계는 강릉 동쪽 약 110 km지점까지, 남쪽으로는 죽변 연안까지 수심 약 5~10 m 이천에서 33.00이하로 분포하였다. 이 저염분수는 하계에 양자강희석수의 혼합으로 저염화된 대마난류 표층수가 북상하면서 수송하는 담수의 규모에 비하여 무시할 수 없을 정도이다. 이것을 본 연구에서는 북한한류수 기원 하계 표층수라고 명명하고자 한다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2016

딥러닝은 인공신경망(neural network)이라는 인공지능분야의 모형이 발전된 형태로서, 계층구조로 이루어진 인공신경망의 내부계층(hidden layer)이 여러 단계로 이루어진 구조이다. 딥러닝에서의 주요 모형은 합성곱신경망(convolutional neural network), 순환신경망(recurrent neural network), 그리고 심층신뢰신경망(deep belief network)의 세가지라고 할 수 있다. 그 중에서 현재 흥미로운 연구가 많이 발표되어서 관심이 집중되고 있는 모형은 지도학습(supervised learning)모형인 처음 두 개의 모형이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지도학습모형의 가중치를 최적화하는 기본적인 방법인 오류역전파 알고리즘을 살펴본 뒤에 합성곱신경망과 순환신경망의 구조와 응용사례 등을 살펴보고자 한다. 본문에서 다루지 않은 모형인 심층신뢰신경망은 아직까지는 합성곱신경망 이나 순환신경망보다는 상대적으로 주목을 덜 받고 있다. 그러나 심층신뢰신경망은 CNN이나 RNN과는 달리 비지도학습(unsupervised learning)모형이며, 사람이나 동물은 관찰을 통해서 스스로 학습한다는 점에서 궁극적으로는 비지도학습모형이 더 많이 연구되어야 할 주제가 될 것이다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2004

동북아시아 지역의 에어로졸 광학두께의 시공간적 변화는 기후변화에 큰 역할을 하는 대기중의 에어로졸의 연구에 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 MODIS를 이용한 에어로졸 광학두께 자료와 TOMS 에어로졸 인덱스 자료를 수집하여 2001년 한해동안의 에어로졸의 물리학적 광학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 일별 에어로졸 관측 자료를 분석한 결과 에어로졸의 계절별 변화양상은 봄에 높고 겨울에 낮음을 뚜렷이 나타내고 있었다. 한편, 지역별 특징은 2001년에 MODIS에 의해 관측된 에어로졸 광학 두께의 연평균 값은 베이징이 가장 높은 0.65$\pm$0.37이고 고산이 가장 낮은 0.31$\pm$0.19로 나타났으며 서울과 광주가 각각 0.54$\pm$0.26과 0.38$\pm$0.19로 관측되었다. 이러한 연중 에어로졸 분석결과를 바탕으로 2001년 봄철 ACE-Asia 집중 관측 기간 중에 MODIS 와 TOMS 관측 자료를 이용한 한반도 인근지역의 에어로졸 특성을 조사하였다. 봄철에 높은 값을 보이는 에어로졸 광학두께(>0.7)와 에어로졸 인덱스 값(>0.5), 그리고 낮은 값을 나타내는 ${\AA}$ngstrom 지수 (<0.5)는 모두 봄철 황사현상에 의한 것이다. 그러나 때때로 황사와 같이 큰 입자가 아닌 다른 오염원에 의한 에어로졸로 인한 영향도 발견되고 있어 중국에서 발생한 오염된 에어로졸이 한반도로 이동하는 것이 원인으로 사료된다. 위성영상에서 나타난 에어로졸의 공간적 분포양상이 이를 입증하고 있다. 따라서 동북아시아 지역의 에어로졸 특성을 나타내는데 위성자료의 활용도는 매우 효과적이다. 않았다. 2) 체내에 축적된 질소율(외관상의 생물가)은 상ㆍ하번초형 혼과초지가 54.5%으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 53.7%보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 3) 외관상 대사에너지의 축적률은 상ㆍ하번 초형 혼파초지가 59.4%으로 상번초형 혼파초지의 58.2%보다 약간 높은 편이었으나 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 따라서, 산양에 의한 목초의 이용성은 두 혼파 초지간에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나, 혼파초지내 turf type 초류도 사초자원으로써 이용가치가 있다고 하겠다.ue 및 orchardgrass 등의 식생비율이 높았으며, redtop, red fescue와 같은 하번초 초종의 식생도 비교적 고르게 유지되었다. 따라서, 상번초형 혼파초지에 비하여 상ㆍ하번초형 혼파초지는 목초의 건물수량과 품질에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 건물소화율 및 가소화건물수량이 높았고(p < 0.05), 연중 고르게 식생을 유지할 수 있었던 것으로 보아 생장습성이 다른 초종을 다양하게 혼파 이용하는 것도 좋을 것으로 사료된다.4.3 : 73.3으로 단백질과 지방이 약간 부족하다고 볼 수 있다. 4) 법무부 급식관리위원회의 수용자 급식기준과 각 형무소의 보통활동 수형자를 위해 공급하는 영양량을 종합적으로 비교해보면 총열량 공급량은 조선 경성형무소(Kim CH 2003)에서는 3966.5 ㎉로 급식기준열량의 159.9%로 공급량이 높았으며, 대만 신죽 형무소에서는 소년 수형자임에도 89.6%만을 공급하고 있었다. 프랑스와 독일은 각각 110.9%, 107.1%로 급식기준을 조금 넘는 적정열량에서 가까운 양을 공급하였다고 할 수 있다. 일제하의 조선, 세계공황 이후 식량이 극도로 부족한 상황에서 대만,

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.1243-1254
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• 2021

수자원 운영이나 농업용수 관리 등을 위해서는 계절 또는 월 단위 이상의 장기간의 미래에 대한 증발산량의 정확한 예측이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 한강권역을 대상으로 통계적으로 예측된 월 기온자료와, 기온자료를 기반으로 한 Hamon 증발산량 추정식을 활용하여 기준증발산량에 대한 장기전망(최대 12개월까지)을 수행하였다. 먼저 한강권역의 월 단위 기온예측정보를 시공간적으로 상세화하여 한강권역 내 15개 지점에 대한 일 단위 기온자료를 도출하였다. 지점별 상세화된 기온자료의 적합도를 분석한 결과, 월평균 최고기온에 대해서는 PBIAS는 1.3~6.9%, RSR은 0.22~0.27, NSE는 0.93~0.95, r은 0.97~0.98이었으며, 월평균 최저기온에 대해서는 PBIAS는 7.8~44.7%, RSR은 0.21~0.25, NSE는 0.94~0.96, r은 0.98~0.99로 대체로 관측값과 유사하게 상세화가 수행되었다. 상세화된 기온자료를 이용하여 Hamon 방법에 의한 기준증발산량을 산정하고 한강권역 전체에 대해 면적평균하여 관측값과 비교한 결과, PBIAS는 2.2~5.4%, RSR은 0.21~0.28, NSE는 0.92~0.96, r은 0.96~0.98로 매우 높은 적합도를 나타내었다. 통계적 모형의 특성상 과거와 전혀 다른 기온이 관측되는 경우의 예측성 저하, 시공간적 상세화 과정에서의 불확실성 등으로 인해 일부 기간에 대해서는 예측된 기준증발산량이 관측치와 다소 편차를 나타내기도 하지만 미래기간에 대한 예측결과라는 점을 고려할 때, 미래의 가용수자원에 대한 평가 및 수자원 관리를 위한 정보로 충분히 활용성이 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.686-697
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• 2018

오늘날 원격탐지기술의 발달로 인해, 산림지역과 같이 피복 분류작업이 난해한 지역을 비롯한 광범위한 지역에서의 세밀한 변화탐지를 위한 고해상도 위성영상 취득이 가능해졌다. 하지만, 고해상도 영상에 대한 시계열분석의 과정에서 많은 양의 지상 관측 데이터가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 토지피복도를 지상 관측데이터로 활용한 위성영상 분류 방법의 가능성을 시험하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 원주시이며, 산림지역과 시가화지역이 공존하는 공간이다. 연구 자료는 2015년 3월에 촬영된 KOMPSAT-3A 영상과 2017년도 토지피복도를 이용하여 분류를 시도하였다. 서포트벡터머신(SVM)과 랜덤포레스트(RF)의 두 가지 상이한 화소기반 분류기법을 적용하여 대상지에 대한 피복분류의 분류정확도를 비교 분석하였으며, SVM 분석의 경우 다수 분석(Majority analysis)을 후속 진행하였다. 분석대상은 산림식생만 포함한 지역과 연구대상지 전지역으로 구분하였고, 대상 면적이 협소한 습지는 분석과정에서 제외하였다. 분류 결과는 오차 행렬의 전체 정확도가 두 가지 분류대상에 대해 RF 기법이 SVM 기법보다 더 나은 것으로 나타났다. 산림지역만을 대상으로 한 경우, RF 기법이 SVM 기법에 비해 18.3% 높은 값을 나타낸 반면, 전체지역을 대상으로 한 경우는 둘 사이의 간격이 5.5%로 줄어들었다. SVM 기법에 다수 분석 (Majority analysis)을 추가로 실시한 경우, 1% 정도의 정확도 향상이 나타났다. RF 기법은 산림지역의 활엽수를 분석해 내는데 상당히 효과적이었지만, 다른 대상에 대해서는 SVM 기법이 더 나은 결과를 나타내었다. 본 연구는 고해상도 단일시기 영상에 대한 화소 기반의 분류기법을 시험한 것으로, 추후 시계열분석 및 객체기반 분류기법의 추가적인 적용으로 향상된 정확도와 신뢰도를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구의 방법론은 시공간적으로 고해상도 분석결과를 제공함으로써, 대면적의 토지계획에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.896-910
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• 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and potentially fatal virus. So far, most comprehensive analyses encompassing clinical and transcriptional manifestation have concentrated on the lungs. Here, we confirmed evident signs of viral infection in the lungs and spleen of SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, which replicate the phenotype and infection symptoms in hospitalized humans. Seven days post viral detection in organs, infected mice showed decreased vital signs, leading to death. Bronchopneumonia due to infiltration of leukocytes in the lungs and reduction in the spleen lymphocyte region were observed. Transcriptome profiling implicated the meticulous regulation of distress and recovery from cytokine-mediated immunity by distinct immune cell types in a time-dependent manner. In lungs, the chemokine-driven response to viral invasion was highly elevated at 2 days post infection (dpi). In late infection, diseased lungs, post the innate immune process, showed recovery signs. The spleen established an even more immediate line of defense than the lungs, and the cytokine expression profile dropped at 7 dpi. At 5 dpi, spleen samples diverged into two distinct groups with different transcriptome profile and pathophysiology. Inhibition of consecutive host cell viral entry and massive immunoglobulin production and proteolysis inhibition seemed that one group endeavored to survive, while the other group struggled with developmental regeneration against consistent viral intrusion through the replication cycle. Our results may contribute to improved understanding of the longitudinal response to viral infection and development of potential therapeutics for hospitalized patients affected by SARS-CoV-2.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.