• 제목/요약/키워드: Temperature transient

검색결과 1,155건 처리시간 0.031초

Expression of TRP Channels in Mouse Dental Papilla Cell-23 (MDPC-23) Cell Line

  • Shin, Myoung-Sang;Yeon, Kyu-Young;Oh, Seog-Bae;Kim, Joong-Soo
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.135-140
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    • 2006
  • Temperature signaling can be initiated by members of transient receptor potential (thermo-TRP) channels. Hot and cold substances applied to teeth usually elicit pain sensation. Since odontoblasts constitute a well-defined layer between the pulp and the mineralized dentin, being first to encounter thermal stimulation from oral cavity, they may be involved in sensory transduction process, in addition to their primary function as formation of dentin. We investigated whether thermo-TRP channels are expressed in a odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23. The expressions of thermo-TRP channels were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, fluorometric calcium imaging. Analysis of RT-PCR revealed mRNA expression of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4 and TRPM8, but no TRPV3, TRPA1. Immunohistochemical approach failed to detect TRPV1 expression. Whereas the application of 4-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate($10\;{\mu}M$, a TRPV4 agonist), menthol(1 mM, a TRPM8 agonist) and icilin($10\;{\mu}M$, a TRPM8 agonist) produced the enhancement of intracellular calcium concentration, capsaicin($1\;{\mu}M$, a TRPV1 agonist) did not. Our results suggest that subfamily of thermo-TRP channels expressed in odontoblasts may serve as thermal or mechanical transducer in teeth.

터보펌프 케이징의 구조해석 및 측정 (Structural Analysis and Measurement of Turbopump Casings)

  • 윤석환;전성민;김진한
    • 항공우주기술
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.174-180
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    • 2006
  • 액체로켓엔진에서 연료와 산화제를 가압하는 역할을 하는 핵심부품인 터보펌프는 극저온 산화제와 구동 터빈의 고온 환경이 동일 축에 분포하고 있으며 내부 회전부 간극이 매우 작고 회전속도가 높아 기계적으로 대단히 열악한 환경에서 동작한다. 따라서 사고 위험도를 낮추기 위한 구조 해석 및 시험이 필수적인데, 본 연구에서는 특히 터보펌프 케이징의 구조해석 및 응력 측정이 이루어졌다. 기존의 단품 레벨에서의 해석에서 벗어나 연료펌프와 산화제펌프의 케이징 조립체 레벨에서 내압기밀시험 조건에 대한 구조해석이 이루어졌으며 이를 통하여 케이징 간 체결효과 및 실 부분의 접촉 압력을 성공적으로 고려할 수 있었다. 또한, 연료펌프 케이징에 나타나는 높은 수준의 응력 집중 현상을 해석과 측정을 병행함으로써 성공적으로 예측하였다.

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Mixed-mode 시뮬레이션을 이용한 SiC DMOSFETs의 스위칭 특성 분석 (Mixed-mode Simulation of Switching Characteristics of SiC DMOSFETs)

  • 강민석;최창용;방욱;김상철;김남균;구상모
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.737-740
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    • 2009
  • SiC power device possesses attractive features, such as high breakdown voltage, high-speed switching capability, and high temperature operation. In general, device design has a significant effect on the switching characteristics, In this paper, we demonstrated that the switching performance of DMOSFETs are dependent on the with Channel length ($L_{channel}$) and Current Spreading Layer thickness ($T_{CSL}$) by using 2-D Mixed-mode simulations. The 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with a JFET region designed to block 800 V were optimized for minimum loss by adjusting the parameters of the JFET region, CSL, and epilayer. It is found that improvement of switching speed in 4H-SiC DMOSFETs is essential to reduce the gate-source capacitance and channel resistance. Therefore, accurate modeling of the operating conditions are essential for the optimizatin of superior switching performance.

일체형원자로의 신개념 안전계통 실증을 위한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on Design Verification of New Concept for Integral Reactor Safety System)

  • 정문기;최기용;박현식;조석;박춘경;이성재;송철화
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.2053-2058
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    • 2004
  • The pressurized light water cooled, medium power (330 MWt) SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) has been under development at KAERI for a dual purpose : seawater desalination and electricity generation. The SMART design verification phase was followed to conduct various separate effects tests and comprehensive integral effect tests. The high temperature / high pressure thermal-hydraulic test facility, VISTA(Experimental Verification by Integral Simulation of Transient and Accidents) has been constructed to simulate the SMART-P (the one fifth scaled pilot plant) by KAERI. Experimental tests have been performed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic dynamic characteristics of the primary and the secondary systems. Heat transfer characteristics and natural circulation performance of the PRHRS (Passive Residual Heat Removal System) of SMART-P were also investigated using the VISTA facility. The coolant flows steadily in the natural circulation loop which is composed of the steam generator (SG) primary side, the secondary system, and the PRHRS. The heat transfers through the PRHRS heat exchanger and ECT are sufficient enough to enable the natural circulation of the coolant.

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Dynamic Performance Simulation of the Propulsion System for the CRW Type UAV Using $SIMULINK^{\circledR}$

  • Changduk Kong;Park, Jongha;Jayoung Ki
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.499-505
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    • 2004
  • A Propulsion System of the CRW(Canard Rotor Wing) type UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was composed of the turbojet engine to generate the propulsive exhaust gas, and the duct system including straight bent ducts, tip-jet nozzles, a master valve and a variable main nozzle for three flight modes such as lift/landing mode, low speed transition flight mode and high speed forward flight mode. In this study, in order to operate safely the propulsion system, the dynamic Performance behavior of the system was modeled and simulated using the SIMULIN $K^{ }$, which is the user-friendly GUI type dynamic analysis tool provided by MATLA $B^{ }$. In the transient performance model, the inter-component volume model was used. The performance analysis using the developed models was performed at various flight condition, valve angle positions and fuel flow schedules, and these results could set the safe flight mode transition region to satisfy the inlet temperature overshoot limitation as well as the compressor surge margin. Performance analysis results using the SIMULIN $K^{ }$ performance program were compared with them using the commercial program GSP.m GSP.

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점 근사 동특성 모델을 이용한 고리 원자력 1호기의 과도출력 전이 해석 (Point Kinetics Approach to the Analysis of Overpower Transients of the Ko-ri Unit 1 Reactor)

  • Hyun Dae Kim;Chang Hyun Chung;Chang Hyo Kim
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 1981
  • 고리 원자력 1호기에서 일어날 수 있는 가상사고에 의한 동특성 현상이 점근사 원자로 모델에 의한 중성자 및 온도 방정식을 사용하여 해석되었다. 일반적으로 수치해석 결과는 사고해석에 있어서 확실한 동특성 시간전이 현상을 예견하기 위채서는 보다 정밀한 계산모델을 사용해야 된다는 것을 지시한다. 전출력 상태에서 RCCA 인출에 따르는 출력반응의 경우는 점근사 원자로 모델이 고리 1호기의 최종 안정성 분석 보고서의 해석결과와 우수한 일치를 보여줬다.

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Effect of Kinetic Parameters on Simultaneous Ramp Reactivity Insertion Plus Beam Tube Flooding Accident in a Typical Low Enriched U3Si2-Al Fuel-Based Material Testing Reactor-Type Research Reactor

  • Nasir, Rubina;Mirza, Sikander M.;Mirza, Nasir M.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.700-709
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    • 2017
  • This work looks at the effect of changes in kinetic parameters on simultaneous reactivity insertions and beam tube flooding in a typical material testing reactor-type research reactor with low enriched high density ($U_3Si_2-Al$) fuel. Using a modified PARET code, various ramp reactivity insertions (from $0.1/0.5 s to $1.3/0.5 s) plus beam tube flooding ($0.5/0.25 s) accidents under uncontrolled conditions were analyzed to find their effects on peak power, net reactivity, and temperature. Then, the effects of changes in kinetic parameters including the Doppler coefficient, prompt neutron lifetime, and delayed neutron fractions on simultaneous reactivity insertion and beam tube flooding accidents were analyzed. Results show that the power peak values are significantly sensitive to the Doppler coefficient of the system in coupled accidents. The material testing reactor-type system under such a coupled accident is not very sensitive to changes in the prompt neutron life time; the core under such a coupled transient is not very sensitive to changes in the effective delayed neutron fraction.

초전도 전력케이블의 전력계통 적용을 위한 고장전류 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Fault Current Characteristics for the Utility Application of HTS Power cable)

  • 김재호;박민원;심기덕;조전욱;유인근
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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    • pp.75-76
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    • 2007
  • Several kinds of High Temperature Superconducting(HTS) power cables have already been developed and evaluated for use in the utility power network. HTS power cable is expected to be used as a very powerful energy delivery system supplying electric power for densely populated cities in the near future, because HTS power cable is capable of the high current density delivery with low AC loss and the size effect comparing with the conventional cable whose capacity is same. Before applying the HTS power cable to real utility network system analysis should be carried out by some simulation tools. Hereby the electrical power system analysis is very important for the practical use of HTS power devices. In this paper, authors propose a real-time simulation method which incorporates a real HTS tapes into the simulated 22.9kV utility power network system using Real Time Digital Simulator(RTDS). For the simulation analysis, a test sample of HTS tapes was actually manufactured, and the transient phenomenon of HTS power cable system was analyzed in the simulated utility power network.

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VRFB-LFPB 하이브리드 배터리 기반의 ESS 개발에 관한 연구 (Development of ESS Based on VRFB-LFPB Hybrid Batteries)

  • 천영식;박진수;유진호;이진
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2018
  • High-power lithium batteries are suitable for equipment with high power output needs, such as for ESS's initial start-up. However, their management cost is increased by the installation of air-conditioning to minimize the risk of explosion due to internal temperature rise and also by a restriction on the number of charge/discharge cycles. High-capacity flow batteries, on the other hand, have many advantages. They can be used for over 20 years due to their low management costs, resulting from no risk of explosion and a high number of charge/discharge cycles. In this paper, we propose an ESS based on hybrid batteries that uses a lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO) at the initial startup and a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) from the end of the transient period, with a bi-directional PCS to operate two batteries with different DC voltage levels and using an efficient energy management control algorithm.

COSMOS : A Computer Code for the Analysis of LWR $UO_2$ and MOX Fuel Rod

  • Koo, Yang-Hyun;Lee, Byung-Ho;Sohn, Dong-Seong
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.541-554
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    • 1998
  • A computer code COSMOS has been developed based on the CARO-D5 for the thermal analysis of LWR UO$_2$ and MOX fuel rod under steady-state and transient operating conditions. The main purpose of the COSMOS, which considers high turnup characteristics such as thermal conductivity degradation with turnup and rim formation at the outer part of fuel pellet, is to calculate temperature profile across fuel pellet and fission gas release up to high burnup. A new mechanistic fission gas release model developed based on physical processes has been incorporated into the code. In addition, the features of MOX fuel such as change in themo-mechanical properties and the effect of microscopic heterogeneity on fission gas release have been also taken into account so that it can be applied to MOX fuel. Another important feature of the COSMOS is that it can analyze fuel segment refabricated from base irradiated fuel rods in commercial reactors. This feature makes it possible to analyze database obtained from international projects such as the MALDEN and RISO, many of which were collected from refabricated fuel segments. The capacity of the COSMOS has been tested with some number of experimental results obtained from the HALDEN, RISO and FIGARO programs. Comparison with the measured data indicates that, although the COSMOS gives reasonable agreement, the current models need to be improved. This work is being performed using database available from the OECD/NEA.

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