• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

This study reviews studies that used skin temperature in order to establish an emotion evaluation protocol based on skin temperature for home appliances. A survey of skin temperature evaluation papers was conducted by the following five stages: (1) keyword search, (2) title screening, (3) abstract screening, (4) full paper screening, and (5) relevance evaluation. Selected papers were reviewed for: purpose, recruitment criteria of participants, the number of participants, apparatus, procedure, measures, analysis methods, and major findings. Thermistor sensors and thermography are used for the measurement of skin temperature. Skin temperature sensors are attached to 4 - 10 locations on the body and their mean of skin temperature is calculated by Ramanatan's 4-point or Hardy & Dubois's 7-point method. Semantic differential (SD) method and thermography measuring facial surface temperature have been used for emotion evaluation. The SD method provides a set of adjective pairs related to a product and evaluates changes in emotion from the use of the product. The range of facial surface analyzed is defined in the thermal image and temperature changes before and after the evaluation are analyzed. The evaluation items of home appliances include form, color, material, aesthetics, satisfaction, novelty, convenience, pleasantness, and excellence. Many existing emotion studies using skin temperature do not apply physiological and psychological methods. This study provides basic data to establish a skin temperature and emotion evaluation protocol by examining literature for skin temperature and evaluation of sensitivity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.2407-2417
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• 2021

A structural integrity evaluation program (STEP) was developed for the high temperature reactor design evaluation according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME B&PV), Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components, Division 5, High Temperature Reactors, Subsection HB. The program computerized HBB-3200 (the design by analysis procedures for primary stress intensities in high temperature services) and Appendix T (HBB-T) (the evaluation procedures for strain, creep and fatigue in high temperature services). For evaluation, the material properties and isochronous curves presented in Section II, Part D and HBB-T were computerized for the candidate materials for high temperature reactors. The program computerized the evaluation procedures and the constants for the weldment. The program can generate stress/temperature time histories of various loads and superimpose them for creep damage evaluation. The program increases the efficiency of high temperature reactor design and eliminates human errors due to hand calculations. Comparisons that verified the evaluation results that used the STEP and the direct calculations that used the Excel confirmed that the STEP can perform complex evaluations in an efficient and reliable way. In particular, fatigue and creep damage assessment results are provided to validate the operating conditions with multiple types of cycles.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

PURPOSES : The main purpose of this study is suggest of field bond strength evaluation method for more objective evaluation method through Evaluation of Bond Strength Properties with changing aspect ratio and temperature. METHODS : The evaluation is laboratory bond strength test. Using the core machine, the pull-off test method ; the bond strength test of interface layer the universal testing machine. RESULTS : As a result of the laboratory bond strength evaluation, it was verified that the bond strength by aspect ratio decreases linearly with increasing aspect ratio and the bond strength properties by temperature change existed at high and low temperature condition relative to odinary temperature condition. CONCLUSIONS : According to the results of laboratory bond strength evaluation, the field bond strength evaluation results suggest applying the proposed correction factor (0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 1.9) according to aspect ratio(0.5, 0.1, 1.5, 2.0), For more objective evaluation of the bond strength, it is analyzed that the evaluation value is within $6{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ and the result can be obtained within 5% of the coefficient of variation.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

Under the time-varying temperature, the high-temperature radiation of forgings and the change of reflection characteristics of oxide skin on the surface of forgings lead to the difficulty of obtaining images to truly reflect the geometric characteristics of forgings. It is urgent to study the clear and reliable acquisition method of hot forging feature image under time-varying temperature to meet the requirements of visual measurement of hot geometric parameters of forgings. Based on this, this chapter first puts forward the quality evaluation method of forging feature image, which provides guarantee for the accurate evaluation of feature image quality. Furthermore, the factors that affect the image quality, such as the radiation characteristics of forgings and the photographic characteristics of cameras, are analyzed, and the imaging spectrum which can effectively suppress the radiation intensity of forgings is determined. Finally, aiming at the problem that the quality of image acquisition is difficult to guarantee due to the drastic change of radiation intensity of forgings under time-varying temperature, an image acquisition method based on minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based laser light intensity adaptation is proposed, which significantly improves the definition of feature light strips in forging images at high temperature, and finally realizes the clear acquisition of feature images of large-scale hot forging under time-varying temperature.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2011

Predictive mathematical models were developed for predicting the kinetics of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon, which is the popular ready-to-eat foods in the world, as a function of temperature (4, 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$). At these storage temperature, the primary growth curve fit well ($r^2$=0.989~0.996) to a Gompertz equation to obtain specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT). The Polynomial model for natural logarithm transformation of the SGR and LT as a function of temperature was obtained by nonlinear regression (Prism, version 4.0, GraphPad Software). Results indicate L. monocytogenes growth was affected by temperature mainly, and SGR model equation is $365.3-31.94^*Temperature+0.6661^*Temperature^{\wedge^2}$ and LT model equation is $0.1162-0.01674^*Temperature+0.0009303^*Temperature{\wedge^2}$. As storage temperature decreased $30^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, SGR decreased and LT increased respectively. Polynomial model was identified as appropriate secondary model for SGR and LT on the basis of most statistical indices such as bias factor (1.01 by SGR, 1.55 by LT) and accuracy factor (1.03 by SGR, 1.58 by LT).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.374-379
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• 2004

This paper proposes an algorithm for human sensibility evaluation using 4-channel EEG signals of the prefrontal and the parietal lobes. The algorithm uses an artificial neural network and the multiple templates. The linear prediction coefficients are used as the feature parameters of human sensibility. Comfortableness for chairs and temperature/humidity are evaluated. Many conventional researches have emphasized that a wave of left prefrontal lobe is activated in case of positive sensibility and that of right prefrontal lobe is activated in case of negative sensibility. So the power ratio of a wave is obtained from FFT computation and the results are compared. The results of the comfortableness evaluation for temperature and humidity showed that the outputs of the proposed algorithm coincided with corresponding sensibilities depending on the task of the temperature and the humidity. The . conventional method using a wave is hardly related with comfortableness. And it is also observed that the uncomfortable state due to the high temperature and humidity can be easily changed to the comfortable state by small drop of the temperature and the humidity. It seems to be good results to get 66.7％ of evaluation performance in spite of using EEG and the subject independent approach.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.12 s.255
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• pp.1534-1542
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• 2006

In this paper, the concept of accelerated life test, which is a popular research field nowadays, is applied to the shot peened material. To predict the efficient and exact room temperature fatigue characteristics from the high temperature fatigue data, the adequate accelerated model is investigated. Ono type rotary bending fatigue tester and high temperature chamber were used for the experiment. Room temperature fatigue lives were predicted by applying accelerated models and doing reliability evaluation. Room temperature fatigue tests were accomplished to check the effectiveness of predicted data and the adequate accelerated life test models were presented by considering errors. Experimental result using Arrhenius model, fatigue limit obtain almost 5.45% of error, inverse power law has about 1.36% of error, so we found that inverse power law is applied well to temperature-life relative of shot peened material.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1355-1362
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• 2018

In order to obtain a better understanding of the ageing process of the field composite insulators, it is necessary to explore a quantitative-valuation method for the aging state evaluation. And the linear relationship between volume resistivity and temperature is proposed. In this paper, the composite insulators with different lengths of operating lives from two manufacturers were tested. The relationship between trap characteristics and volume resistivity-temperature characteristics were analyzed based on Thermal Stimulated Current (TSC), volume resistivity-temperature test, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the application of trap characteristics in the quantitative evaluation of aging state of composite insulators was discussed. The results showed that there was a general negative correlation between the relative variation ratio of trap charges and the volume resistivity-temperature characteristics. Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties would change with the aging time, which would result in the increasing of electron traps. Combined with the TSC and volume resistivity test results, the trap characteristic thresholds which indicated the serious age of the composite insulators had been proposed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.805-821
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• 2023

This study developed an evaluation system to explore the effect of the environmental temperature on the stress redistribution produced by cable stress relaxation of structural members in a steel cable-stayed bridge. The generalized Maxwell model is used to estimate stress relaxation at different temperatures. The environmental temperature is represented using the thermal coefficients and temperature loads. The fmincon optimization function is used to determine the set of stress relaxation parameters at different temperatures for all cables. The ABAQUS software is employed to investigate the stress redistribution of the steel cable-stayed bridge caused by the cable stress relaxation and the environmental temperature. All of these steps are set up as an evaluation system to save time and ensure the accuracy of the study results. The developed evaluation system is then employed to investigate the effect of environmental temperature and cable type on stress redistribution. These studies' findings show that as environmental temperatures increased up to 40 ℃, the redistribution rate increased by up to 34.9% in some girders. The results also show that the cable type with low relaxation rates should be used in high environmental temperature areas to minimize the effect of cable stress relaxation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 1999

This study was done to research the effects of temperature on biological evaluation of seawater quality using gametes, embryos and early development system of seaurchin species, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina and Scaphechinus brevis. As the result of performing effects of temperature on early embryo development, the conditions of appropriate temperature on formation of normal pluteus were appropriate at 5-16$^{\circ}C$ for H. pulcherrimus, 8-2$0^{\circ}C$ for A. crassispina, 12-2$0^{\circ}C$ for S. brevis. The conditions of optimum temperature on biological evaluation were 16$^{\circ}C$ for H. pulcherrimus and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for A. crassispina and S. brevis.