• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2001

The effect of grain shape on the grain growth behavior of oxide system was investigated as afunction of liquid content during liquid phase sintering. As a model system, the solid grains of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and MgO were selected during liquid phase sintering, i.e. faceted shape of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ in $CaAl_{2}Si_{2}O_{8}$ liquid phase and spherical shape of MgO in $CaMgSiO_{4}$ liquid phase. The average grain size of MgO with spherical shape was decreased with increasing the liquid phase content, whereas that of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ with faceted shape was independent of liquid phase content. In the case of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ grains with faceted shape, which interfaces are expected to be atomically flat, are likely to grow by the interfacial reaction controled process. Whereas, in the case of MgO grains with spherical shape, which interface are expected to be atomically rough, are likely to grow by the diffusion controlled process.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

In Korean folk medicine, several herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Persicae Semen, Salviae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Zanthoxyli Fructus, Ginseng Radix Alba, Cnidii Rhizoma, and Carthami Flos, are known to enhance blood circulation and have wound healing or anti-inflammatory effects. These pharmacological actions prompted us to investigate whether these herbs might stimulate hair growth. Thus, using a mixture of their extracts called SPELA 707, we investigated their effects and found that SPELA 707 possessed significant hair cycle converting activity from the telogen phase to the anagen phase in C3H mice. Furthermore, we found that SPELA 707 enhanced the hair density in subjects with hair loss and also promoted the conversion of hair into the anagen phase in subjects with androgenetic alopecia. In addition, hair growth promotion effect of SPELA 707 occurred through inhibition of steroid $5{\alpha}$-reductase activity, which is known to block hair growth. Taken together, these results suggest that SPELA 707 has a potential to be used for the treatment of hair loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemented enzyme complex on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs weaned at 14 days of age. Eighty pigs ($4.02{\pm}0.11kg$ of average body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control (negative), 2) control (positive, $Kemzyme^{(R)}$), 3) 0.1%, 4) 0.2% and 5) 0.3% of newly developed enzyme complex. Each treatment has 4 replicates with 4 pigs per replicate. During phase I period (d 0 to 14), ADG and ADFI were numerically higher in pigs fed diets supplemented enzyme complex regardless of their inclusion levels compared to pigs fed control (negative) diet. Feed/gain (F/G) was also better in pigs fed enzyme complex diet than that of pigs fed control (negative) diet. In addition, with increasing the inclusion level of enzyme complex, ADG and ADFI were improved. However, there was no significant difference between treatment in all growth parameters. During phase II period (d 15 to 28), ADG, ADFI and F/G showed the same tendency as in phase I period. For overall period (d 0 to 28) ADG was highest in pigs fed diet included 0.2% enzyme complex in all treatments but not significantly different. During phase I period, the digestibilities of all nutrients did not showed any significant difference between treatments. However, pigs fed diet contained enzyme complex and positive control diet (Kemzyme) showed numerically higher nutrient digestibilities in all nutrients than pigs fed negative control diet. During phase II period, data were consistent with those observed in phase I period. Especially, the digestibility of phosphorus was significantly higher in pigs fed diets contained enzyme complex including phytase than pigs fed control (negative and positive) diets (p<0.05). For overall experimental period, fecal or ileal amino acid digestibility were not affected by dietary treatment. Enzyme complex newly developed and used in this study can be possibly recommended as a growth promoter when supplemented in diet for early weaned piglets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2017

Background: In 2006, the European Union (EU) has decided to forbid use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Although many researches had been conducted about fiber source as alternatives of antibiotics, there are still lack of reports in the literature about the optimum level of sugar beet pulp supplementation, affecting growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Therefore, different level of sugar beet pulp was added to diets to determine the effects of sugar beet pulp supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profile and incidence of diarrhea in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], averaging $9.01{\pm}1.389kg$ of initial body weight were, allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment was composed of 4 replicates with 10 pigs per pen. The treatments were control treatment: Corn-SBM basal diet + ZnO (phase 1: 0.05%; phase 2; 0.03%) and four different levels of sugar beet pulp were supplemented in Corn-SBM basal diet (3, 6, 9 or 12%). Two phase feeding programs (phase 1: 1-2 weeks; phase 2: 3-5 weeks) were used for 5 week of growth trial. Results: In feeding trial, there were no significant differences in growth performance and incidence of diarrhea among treatments. The E.coli counts were not significantly different among dietary treatments but linear response was observed in Lactobacillus counts as sugar beet pulp supplementation increased (P < 0.05). In addition, IGF-1, IgA and IgG were not affected by dietary treatments. However, the BUN concentration was decreased when pigs were fed the treatments of diets with SBP compared to that of control treatment (P < 0.05). In nutrient digestibility, crude fiber and NDF digestibilities were improved as the sugar beet pulp increased (P < 0.05). However, digestibilities of crude ash, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary sugar beet pulp levels. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrated that sugar beet pulp can be supplemented in weaning pigs' diet instead of ZnO to prevent postweaning diarrhea without any detrimental effect on growth performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

Indium hydroxide powder was prepared by precipitation method. The reaction temperature ($150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$) and the holding time at each reaction temperature (1~72 h) were used as experimental variables. The particle size, microstructure and crystal phase of each prepared powder were observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) and BET. In this study, we investigated the phase and microstructural change induced by heat treatment of indium hydroxide nanoparticles at various temperatures for different holding times.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.227-250
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• 1999

The reproducibility of successive growth of Bi12TiO20(BTO) single crystals using a top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) pulling method was evaluated by measuring the lattice constants and their standard deviations. A substantial phase diagram in the region close to the stoichiometric BTO was established experimentally for this purpose, and the existence of a retrograde solid solution close to a BTO was clarified. It was emphasize that a starting solution, with a 10.0~10.1 mol% TiO2 concentration, results in large single crystals with a highly homogeneous lattice constant of within $\pm$1x10-4$\AA$, when the solidified fraction of the grown crystal is less than about 45%. A wavelength dispersion of refractive index was measured for the first time, an it was verified that the refractive index of BTO is larger than that of BSO(Bi12TiO20), allowing the voltage sensitivity of EOS higher than the case with BSO as a probe head.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1287-1293
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• 2016

The objectives of this experiment was to evaluate the subsequent growth and organ weights, blood profiles and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks fed pre-starter diets containing fermented soybean meal products during early phase. A total of nine hundred 1-d-old chicks were randomly assigned into six groups with six replicates of 25 chicks each. The chicks were fed control pre-starter diet with dehulled soybean meal (SBM) or one of five experimental diets containing fermented SBM products (Bacillus fermented SBM [BF-SBM], yeast by product and Bacillus fermented SBM [YBF-SBM]; Lactobacillus fermented SBM 1 [LF-SBM 1]; Lactobacillus fermented SBM 2 [LF-SBM 2]) or soy protein concentrate (SPC) for 7 d after hatching, followed by 4 wk feeding of commercial diets without fermented SBMs or SPC. The fermented SBMs and SPC were substituted at the expense of dehulled SBM at 3% level on fresh weight basis. The body weight (BW) during the starter period was not affected by dietary treatments, but BW at 14 d onwards was significantly higher (p<0.05) in chicks that had been fed BF-SBM and YBF-SBM during the early phase compared with the control group. The feed intake during grower and finisher phases was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments. During total rearing period, the daily weight gains in six groups were 52.0 (control), 57.7 (BF-SBM), 58.5 (YBF-SBM), 52.0 (LF-SBM 1), 56.7 (LF-SBM 2), and 53.3 g/d (SPC), respectively. The daily weight gain in chicks fed diet containing BF-SBM, YBF-SBM, and LF-SBM 2 were significantly higher values (p<0.001) than that of the control group. Chicks fed BF-SBM, YBF-SBM, and LF-SBM 2 had significantly lower (p<0.01) feed conversion ratio compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the relative weight of various organs and blood profiles among groups. Cecal microbiota was altered by dietary treatments. At 35 d, chicks fed on the pre-starter diets containing BF-SBM and YBF-SBM had significantly increased (p<0.001) lactic acid bacteria, but lowered Coli-form bacteria in cecal contents compared with those fed the control diet. The number of Bacillus spp. was higher (p<0.001) in all groups except for LF-SBM 1 compared with control diet-fed chicks. At 7 d, jejunal villi were significantly lengthened (p<0.001) in chicks fed the fermented SBMs vs control diet. Collectively, the results indicate that feeding of fermented SBMs during early phase are beneficial to the subsequent growth performance in broiler chicks. BF-SBM and YBF-SBM showed superior overall growth performance as compared with unfermented SBM and SPC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.70-71
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• 2006

Growth behavior and kinetics of grains in a liquid matrix has been studied by computer simulation for various physical and processing conditions. The kinetics of growing and dissolving grains were considered to follow those of single crystals in a matrix. Depending on the shape of crystals, rounded or faceted, different kinetic equations were adopted for growing grains and an identical equation for dissolving grains. Effects of such critical parameters as step free energy, temperature, and liquid volume fraction were evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.324-331
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• 1998

After the addition of yttrium aluminum garnet of 2, 5, 10 mol% as a sintering aid, $\alpha$-silicon carbides were prepared by a liquid-phase sintering at $1850^{\circ}C$, and the microstructural evolution was investigated during sintering as functions of liquid-phase amount and sintering time. The highest apparent density in each compositions was obtained in specimens sintered for 2 h, and the percentage of weight loss increased with sintering time. By increasing the amount of sintering aid (yttrium aluminum garnet), the rate of grain growth during sintering decreased, but the apparent density of sintered body increased. The phase transformation from 6H-SiC to 4H-SiC was partially observed in specimens sintered for a long time, and so, a few rod-like grains were observed.