• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.494-499
• /
• 2006

Given a set S of n points in the plane, a minimum-dilation spanning tree of S is a tree with vertex set S of smallest possible dilation. We show that given a set S of n points and a dilation $\delta$ > 1, it is NP-hard to determine whether a spanning tree of S with dilation at most $\delta$ exists.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.2 no.5
• /
• pp.400-406
• /
• 2018

The Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a major contributor in all-optical digital processing and optical computation. Optical tree architecture provides one of the new, alternative schemes for integrated all-optical arithmetic and logical operations. In this paper, we propose an all-optical 3-bit integrated parity generator and checker using SOA-MZI-based optical tree architecture. The proposed scheme, able to process input signals at a desired operating wavelength, has been characterized using RZ-modulated signals at 10 Gbps. The maximum extinction ratios achieved at the output of the parity generator and checker are 10 dB and 8 dB respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.1274-1277
• /
• 2011

단백질 1차 서열로부터 DISORDER와 ORDER지역을 예측하기 위해서 이 논문에서는 EP-tree에 기반한 출현패턴 발견 알고리즘을 제안하였다. EP-tree 알고리즘을 적용함으로서 기존의 단백질 특징 추출을 통한 방법과 달리 서열 자체에서 발견되는 출현패턴만을 이용하여 분류 모델을 생성하므로 기존의 신경망이나 SVM 보다 분류모델 생성 및 예측 속도가 빠르다. 또한 Disprot 4.9과 CASP7 테스트 데이터로 DISORDER/ORDER 지역을 예측한 결과, 73.4%의 높은 정확성을 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2020.10a
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2020

한국어 의존 파싱은 전이 기반 방식과 그래프 기반 방식의 두 갈래로 연구되어 왔으며 현재 가장 높은 성능을 보이고 있는 그래프 기반 파서인 Biaffine 어텐션 모델은 입력 시퀀스를 다층의 LSTM을 통해 인코딩 한 후 각각 별도의 MLP를 적용하여 의존소와 지배소에 대한 표상을 얻고 이를 Biaffine 어텐션을 통해 모든 의존소에 대한 지배소의 점수를 얻는 모델이다. 위의 Biaffine 어텐션 모델은 별도의 High-Order 정보를 활용하지 않는 first-order 파싱 모델이며 학습과정에서 어떠한 트리 관련 손실을 얻지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 같은 부모를 공유하는 형제 노드에 대한 점수를 모델링하고 정답 트리에 대한 조건부 확률을 모델링 하는 Second-Order TreeCRF 모델을 한국어 의존 파싱에 적용하여 실험 결과를 보인다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.267-271
• /
• 2015

The variations of wood density and mechanical properties of Juniperus polycarpos trees were studied in a natural forest in Iran. Sample disks were taken from each tree to examine wood density and mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) from pith to bark at breast height, 50%, and 75% of total tree height. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that radial position and height significantly affected all wood properties. The wood density, MOE and MOR were decreased along horizontal position from the pith to the bark and vertical direction from base upwards. Regression analysis showed that modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) had a positive correlation with wood density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a convolution tree kernel-based approach for relation extraction where the parse tree is expanded with entity features such as entity type, subtype, and mention level etc. Our study indicates that not only can our method effectively capture both syntactic structure and entity information of relation instances, but also can avoid the difficulty with tuning the parameters in composite kernels. We also demonstrate that predicate verb information can be used to further improve the performance, though its enhancement is limited. Evaluation on the ACE2004 benchmark corpus shows that our system slightly outperforms both the previous best-reported feature-based and kernel-based systems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.597-618
• /
• 2019

Categorical range aggregation, which is conceptually equivalent to running a range aggregation query separately on multiple datasets, returns the query result on each dataset. The challenge is when the number of dataset is as large as hundreds or thousands, it takes a lot of computation time and I/O. In previous work, only a single dimension of the range restriction has been solved, and in practice, more applications are being used to calculate multiple range restriction statistics. We proposed MCRI-Tree, an index structure designed to solve multi-dimensional categorical range aggregation queries, which can utilize main memory to maximize the efficiency of CRA queries. Specifically, the MCRI-Tree answers any query in $O(nk^{n-1})$ I/Os (where n is the number of dimensions, and k denotes the maximum number of pages covered in one dimension among all the n dimensions during a query). The practical efficiency of our technique is demonstrated with extensive experiments.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.205-215
• /
• 2011

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2011

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants, and a phytotoxic anthropogenic air pollutant. In North America and Europe, the current concentration of $O_3$ has been shown to have significant adverse effects on vegetation. In this review, we summarize the experimental studies on the effects of $O_3$ on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Japanese forest tree species to understand the present knowledge and provide sound basis for future research toward the assessment of $O_3$ impacts on Japanese forest ecosystem. Since the 1990s, several Japanese researchers have conducted the experimental studies on the effects of ambient levels of $O_3$ on growth and physiological functions such as net photosynthesis of Japanese forest tree species. Although the sensitivity to $O_3$ of whole-plant growth is quite different among the species, it was suggested that the current ambient levels of $O_3$ in Japan are high enough to adversely affect growth and photosynthetic activity of Japanese forest tree species classified into high $O_3$ sensitivity group such as Japanese beech. The N load to soil has been shown to reduce the sensitivity to $O_3$ of Japanese larch and increase that of Japanese beech. To establish the critical level of $O_3$ for protecting Japanese forest tree species, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the N deposition from the atmosphere. There is little information on the combined effects of $O_3$ and other environmental factors such as elevated $CO_2$ and drought on growth and physiological functions of Japanese forest tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the experimental study and accumulate the information on the combined effects of $O_3$ and any other abiotic environmental factors on Japanese forest tree species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.515-525
• /
• 2016

The Palsangjeon Pagoda is a five-story wooden building in the Beopjusa Temple area in the Songnisan national park in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. According to historical records, it was constructed in either AD 1605 or AD 1626. To specify the construction year more precisely, we took 41 wood samples for tree-ring analysis during repair actions in 2013; 28 from red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), 12 from oak (Quercus spp.), and 1 from fir (Abies spp.). The tree-ring boundaries became clearly visible by smoothing their cross-sectional surface and the tree-ring widths were measured under a stereo microscope. All tree-ring series were compared with each other to establish mean chronologies, which we then compared with local master chronologies established using tree rings collected from wooden elements of the Daeungjeon Hall which is the main building in the Beopjusa Temple area. As a result, it was verified that the red pines were felled in AD 1624 and in AD 1851. Moreover, it was verified that the oaks were also felled in AD 1624 based on cross-dating with the red pine chronology. We concluded that the Palsangjeon Wooden Pagoda was constructed in AD 1626, as mentioned in the historical record (Daeungdaekwangmyeongjeonbulsangki, 1630) and the letters on a purlin on the $4^{th}$ story, using oak and red pine felled in AD 1624 and repaired later on using red pine felled in AD 1851.