Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

Institute of Forest Science, kangwon National University (강원대학교 산림과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Within-tree Variation in Wood Density and Mechanical Properties and Their Relationship in Juniperus polycarpos

  • Kiaei, Majid (Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Bakhshi, Reza (Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Saffari, Mohsen (Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Golkari, Sadegh (Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University)
  • Received : 2015.07.15
  • Accepted : 2015.08.24
  • Published : 2015.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The variations of wood density and mechanical properties of Juniperus polycarpos trees were studied in a natural forest in Iran. Sample disks were taken from each tree to examine wood density and mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) from pith to bark at breast height, 50%, and 75% of total tree height. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that radial position and height significantly affected all wood properties. The wood density, MOE and MOR were decreased along horizontal position from the pith to the bark and vertical direction from base upwards. Regression analysis showed that modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) had a positive correlation with wood density.

Keywords

References

  1. Ayobi E, Kiaei M, Bakhshi R. 2011. Heartwood and Sapwood Properties of Quercus castaneaefolia in the Iranian Forests. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 8: 669-673.
  2. Bamber RK, Fukazawa K. 1985. Sapwood and heartwood: a review. Forest Products Abstracts 46: 567-580.
  3. Bao FC, Jiang ZH. Jiang XM, Lu XX, Luo XQ, Zhang SY. 2001. Differences in wood properties between juvenile wood and mature wood in 10 species grown in China. Wood Science and Technology 35: 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260100099
  4. Beaulieu J, Zhang SY, Yu Q, Rainville A. 2006. Comparison between genetic and environmental influences on lumber bending properties in young white spruce. Wood and Fiber Science 38: 553-564.
  5. Bosshard HH. 1968. On the formation of facultatively colored heartwood in Beilschmiedia tawa. Wood science and technology 2: 1-12.
  6. Cave LD, Walker JCF. 1994. Stiffness of wood in fast-grown plantation softwoods: the influence of microfibril angle. Forest Products Journal 44: 43-48.
  7. Diavanshir K. 1974. Problems of regeneration of Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch in the forests of Iran. Silvae Genetica 23: 106-108.
  8. Donaldson LA, Evans R, Cown DJ, Lausberg MJF. 1995. Clonal variation of wood density variables in Pinus radiata. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25: 175-188.
  9. Emami SA, Abedindo BF, Hassanzadeh-Khayyat M. 2011. Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Different Parts of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. subsp. excelsa and J. excelsa M. Bieb. subsp. polycarpos (K. Koch) Takhtajan (Cupressaceae). Iran J Pharm Res 10: 799-810.
  10. Fadaei H, Sakai T, YoshimuraT, Kazuyuki M, Torii K. 2009. Relationship between tree density and vegetation index of juniper forest in the northeast of Iran. In: pp 137-144 in Proceedings of the 30th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing; Beijing, China; Oct 18-23, 2009.
  11. Gimenez AM. Lopez CR. 2002. Variacion longitudinal de los elementos del leno en Schinopsis quebracho colorado (Schelcht.) Barkl. et Meyer Anacardiaceae. Madera y Bosques 8: 27-38.
  12. Harvald C, Olesen PO. 1987. The variation of the basic density within the juvenile wood of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2: 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588709382488
  13. Haygreen JC, Bowyer JL. 1996. Forest Products and Wood Science: An introduction. 3rd ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 490.
  14. Kliger IR, Perstorper M, Johansson G. 1998. Bending properties of Norway spruce timber. Comparison between fast- and slow-grown stands and influence of radial position of sawn timber. Annals of Forest Science 55: 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980306
  15. Liphschitz N, Waisel Y, Lev-Yadun S. 1979. Dendrochronological investigations in Iran. Tree-Ring Bulletin 39: 39-45.
  16. Machado JS, Cruz HP. 2005. Within stem variation of maritime pine timber mechanical properties. Holz Als Roh-und Werkstoff 63: 154-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-004-0560-4
  17. Medina AA, Dionisio NM, Laffitte LN, Andia LR. Rivera SM. 2013. Variacion radial y axial de longitud de fibras y elementos de vaso en Nothofagus nervosa (Nothofagaceae) de la Patagonia Argentina. Madera y Bosques 19: 7-19.
  18. Merela M, Cufar K. 2013. Mechanical properties of sapwood versus heartwood, in three different oak species. Drvna Industrija 64: 323-334. https://doi.org/10.5552/drind.2013.1325
  19. Mitchell HL. 1963. Specific gravity variation in North American conifers. Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wis, pp 30.
  20. Mitchell MD, Denne MP. 1997. Variation in density of Picea sitchensis in relation to within tree trends in tracheid diameter and wall thickness. Forestry 70: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/70.1.47
  21. Panshin AJ, de Zeeuw C. 1980. Textbook of wood technology. 4th ed. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, pp 722.
  22. Pearson RG, Gilmore RC. 1980. Effect of fast growth-rate on the mechanical properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Forest Products Journal 30: 47-57.
  23. Saderi SM, Pourtahmasi K, Oladi R, Rathgeber CBK. 2013. Wood formation in juniperus excelsa SSP. Polycarpos in the high mountains of north-east Iran. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 25: 421-428.
  24. Simpson HL, Denne MP. 1997. Variation of ring width and specific gravity within trees from unthinned Sitka spruce spacing trial in Clocaenog, North Wales. Forestry 70: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/70.1.31
  25. Taylor AM, Gartner BL, Morrell JJ. 2002. Heartwood formation and natural durability - a review. Wood and Fiber Science 34: 587-611.
  26. Townsend CC, Guest E. 1966. Flora of Iraq. Volume 2. Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Iraq, Baghdad.
  27. Tsoumis GT. 1991. Science and technology of wood: structure, properties, utilization. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  28. Zhang SY. 1997. Wood specific gravity-mechanical property relationship at species level. Wood Sci Tech 31: 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705884
  29. Zimmermann MH, Brown CL. 1971. Trees - structure and function. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
  30. Zobel B, van Buijtenen JP. 1989. Wood variation: its causes and control. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 363.