• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.287-295
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• 2020

This study defined the characteristics of micro-learning emerging by mobile learning and micro-contents in the e-learning field, and analyzed the satisfaction of application, to see if micro-learning could become a new learning type in the future. To this end, the characteristics of micro-learning were defined through preliminary literature analysis, the characteristic satisfaction was verified in the well-equipped micro-learning site, and any other technical functions were suggested through expert opinion gathering. It was suggested that the future technology of e-learning should be linked to technical functions such as learning analysis and performance measurement. According to the results of this study, if micro-learning reflects its functional characteristics well, it will become an effective learning type in the e-learning field and will greatly contribute to education, learning, and training for the new millennial.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to perform spatial restructuring by user participation design as one of the school space innovation projects. The contents of this study were conducted through the process of deriving and applying various requirements and specific ideas while communicating through the user participation process targeting Y Elementary School in Busan. As a result of the study, the space design was pursued in various ways, away from the uniform educational space of grades 1-6. This study focuses on the development of various space designs that reflect the characteristics of each grade level, and it is characterized by a built-in cabinet for each person to secure a personal space. For a space created by innovation, It can be seen that for a space created by innovation, it is essential to design based on the user participation of various people who use the space.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to test a validity and reliability of Cognitive Performance Scale(CPS), a cognitive measure generated from 5 items(comatose status, decision making, short-term memory, making self understood, and eating). Method: 393 patients in 2 hospitals for the elderly with dementia were measured with CPS by two nurses independently. The inter-rater agreement was tested by comparing two scores. The CPS score was compared with GDS, which was measured by doctors and nurses, and MMSE score which was drawn from the claim data of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Result: The correlation coefficient between CPS and GDS was 0.742(p<0.0001), CPS and MMSE was -0.794(p<0.0001). The Cronbach's coefficient alpha of CPS was 0.742, Kappa value was 0.772~1.000. The CPS showed high validity and reliability in long term care hospitals of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

This paper deals with the bearing capacity behaviour of geosynthetic-reinforced stone column(GRSC) constructed in soft ground, as part of an investigation regarding the applicability of GRSC in Korea. In this study, two-dimensional finite element analyses were performed to investigate the effect of relevant design factors on the bearing capacity behaviour. The parametric study is performed for various influencing factors. The results indicated that the geogrid encasement tends to significantly improve the load carrying capacity of a stone column. Also found were that the geogrid encasement length and its stiffness significantly affect the load carrying capacity behaviour of GRSC, and that the encasement length of three times the stone column diameter is sufficient in mobilizing the full reinforcement effect. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

Probabilistic design methods have been used as a design standard in Korea and abroad for achieving reasonable design by considering the statistical uncertainties of soil properties. In this study, the following techniques for reflecting geotechnical uncertainty are analyzed: quantification of the uncertainties of geotechnical random variables, and consideration of economic feasibility in design by minimizing the uncertainties related to the number of samples. To quantify the uncertainties, the techniques were applied to soil properties obtained from samples collected and tested in the field. The results showed an underestimation of the standard deviation by the 3-sigma approach in comparison with calculations using data from the samples. This finding indicates that economical design is possible in terms of probability. However, when compared with the Bayesian approach, which does not consider the number of samples, variability in the 3-sigma approach is underestimated for some variables. This finding also indicates a safety issue, whereas the number of samples based on the Bayesian approach showed the lowest variance. The variance of the probability density function showed a marked decrease with increasing number of samples, to converge at a certain level when the number exceeds 25. Of note, the estimation of values is more reliable for random variables having low variability, such as soil unit weight, and can be obtained with a small number of samples.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.539-563
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• 1999

이 논문은 정보통신정책 목표와의 연관성 속에서 정보통신연구개발사업의 우선순위를 설정함과 아울러 비용효과성에 바탕을 둔 적정 자원배분 도출하는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 복합적인 목표를 가진 연구개발사업에 대해 사업부문별 그리고 기술분야별로 객관적이면서도 설득력있는 자원배분지침을 마련하기 위하여 본 연구는 다기준의사결정(MCDA: Multi-criteria Decision Analysis) 방법을 채택하고 있다. 이 방법론에서는 사업의 목표와 우선순위 판단기준 및 사업대안이 계층적으로 연계된 분석구조를 설계하여 사업대안의 우선순위를 먼저 설정하고, 여기에 정수계획법(Integer Programming)을 결합하여 사업의 목표와 연계된 비용-편익 관계(Cost-benefit relationship)를 최적화하는 바탕 위에서 사업대안별 자원배분 시나리오를 제시하게 된다. 이러한 절차로 사업부문별 및 기술분야별로 각각 도출된 8개의 자원배분 시나리오는 자원배분 경향치의 안정성(Stability) 분석과 자금지원의 과부족에 대한 현실적 적합성(Relevance) 분석을 거쳐 최종적으로 하나의 적정 자원배분방안으로 수렴되도록 하였다. 우선순위 설정에 기초가 되는 사업대안의 편익에 대한 자료는 전문가의 정성적 판단을 통해 수집되었는데, 이를 위해 정보통신기술 부문에서 활동 중인 중견 이상의 총 58명의 산학연 전문가를 대상으로 한 조사를 실시하였다. 먼저, 기초기반ㆍ전략기술개발사업, 연구ㆍ기술인력양성사업, 산업응용기술개발사업, 기술기반조성사업 등 4대 사업부문에 대해서는 (ⅰ) 정보통신 기술능력의 축적, (ⅱ) 정보통신산업의 경쟁력 강화, (ⅲ) 정보통신기반의 기술고도화, (ⅳ) 정보화를 위한 기술역량의 제고 등 주요 사업의 편익을 나타내는 4개 기준으로 우선 순위를 판단하였고, 정보통신망기술, 전파 및 RF 기술, 정보처리기술, 반도체 소자/설계 기술 등 13개 기술분야에 대해서는 (ⅰ) 공공정책적 임무에 대한 기여, (ⅱ) 기술자립기반의 확충, (ⅲ) 기술발전성과 기술적 파급효과, (ⅳ) 기술적 산물의 시장잠재력 등 기술분야 연구개발을 통한 편익을 나타내는 4개 기준으로 우선순위를 판단하였다. 우선순위는 사업대안에 대한 가중치로 표시되었고, 적정 자원배분방안은 추정된 총예산 규모에 따라 지원수준에 대한 일정한 제약조건 하에서 비용-편익 관계에 따른 자원의 최적 할당량으로 제시되었다. 본 연구는 총예산 규모의 가변성, 사업 및 기술분야 대안의 분류체계에 대한 공감대 부족, 사업목표의 상호연관성과 우선순위 판단기준의 부분적 중첩성 등 여러 제약요인이 있어 도출된 구체적인 수치보다는 방향성에 더 큰 의미를 부여하는 것이 바람직하다. 그러나, 이러한 연구의 한계에도 불구하고 도출된 우선순위와 적정 자원배분방안은 문제해결의 실행타당성을 감안하여 비교적 객관적이고 균형있는 결과로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

Technology assessment is one of the most challenging decision making areas that companies face nowadays. According to increase the importance of technology selection, it has been a main issue for the decision makers whether an appropriate technology selection will be successful or not. Therefore, in this study, a technology assessment model using BSC and ANP method was proposed. The technology assessment model consist of three phase. In first phase, various factors, that have an influence on technology assessment, were taken into consideration. Based on the extracted BSC process, the strategies and critical success factors and performance measures were extracted for selecting the technology. And in second phase, the ANP method used to integrate opinions of experts' and evaluate technology alternatives controls tangible and intangible criteria, allows for more complex inter-relationship among decision levels and deals with ambiguity involved in the assessment process. In the lase phase, according to the result of before phase, decision makers select the appropriate technology. Furthermore, the proposed model was applied in the public service for validating the feasibility of the assessment model. The criteria and proposed performance measures informs the method and focus areas for developing the technology. Furthermore, the assessment model can be applied to the other area, and give the objectivity and rationality.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2004

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where the southeast and northeast trade winds converge, is the effective climatological barrier that separates the southern and northern hemispheres in dust budget. Asian and N. American dusts dominate in fhe Pacific north of the ITCZ, while Central and S. American dust prevails south of the ITCZ. In order to understand the nature of latitudinal and depth-related variations of mineral composition in terms of relative position to the ITCZ, deep-sea core sediments were collected from $9^{\circ}N$ to $17^{\circ}N$ at a $2^{\circ}N$ interval along the $131.5^{\circ}W$ meridian and analyzed for mineral composition. The amount of illite in surface sediments decreases gradually from 65% at $17^{\circ}N\;to\;31^{\circ}N$ to 31% at 9f. In contrast, smectite increases from 11% to 56% southward. The observed mineralogical variation toward the ITCZ is attributed to the increased supply of volcaniclastic material transported via the southeast trade winds from the Central and South America source regions. Smectite-illite transition, a phenomenon that the amount of smectite increases over illite, occurs at around $10^{\circ}N$, the northern margin of the ITCZ. This result indicates that the change in latitudinal position of the ITCZ in geologic past could be recorded as a form of smectite-illite transition in deep-sea cores. The studied cores show down-core variation of mineral composition from illite-rich at the surface to smectite-rich clay suit at depths, similar to the latitudinal variation. The smectite-illite transitions observed in these cores are likely the records of changes in latitudinal position of the ITCZ. The depth and age of smectite-illite transition is getting shallower and younger toward equator, implying that the ITCZ was located farther north during late Tertiary and has shifted southward to the present position of $5^{\circ}N-10^{\circ}N$.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

In this study, on-site corporate instructors participated as student-cum-workers in a degree-linked high skills Meister course to improve job competency and practical ability as proposed in the Work-Study Career Vision. Evaluation questions were then developed and their validity was verified by assessing satisfaction related to expected goals in enhancing advanced training guidance and competency as an evaluator. Satisfaction assessment was conducted based on training preparation, training implementation, training effectiveness and training administration. The Delphi Method was adopted and a total of 48 items were developed in 6 categories under 4 main areas. There were 7 evaluation items on the satisfaction of training course development under training preparation, 21 evaluation items related to the satisfaction of Off-JT and OJT courses under training implementation, 16 evaluation items related to the satisfaction of increased competency as an on-site corporate instructor and the satisfaction of enhanced practical skills and skills application at work under training effectiveness, as well as 6 evaluation items to assess satisfaction with administrative support under training administration. The final conformity assessment was conducted based on the stability, content validity ratio, consensus and convergence indicators of the developed items. Results of this study do not only apply to quality management of the high skills Meister course which is being promoted as a pilot project for work-study programs, but also serves as a rationale that may be considered as a basic research tool in the collection of various opinions to derive overall system improvement factors for the work-study high skills Meister course.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.353-358
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• 2018

In this study, it is describe to an optimization analysis process for the weight reduction of the voltage converter in the electric vehicle charging systems. The optimization design is a technique that finds the optimal material distribution under a given material quantity constraint by combining the design sensitivity with the material properties and the mathematical optimization. Among the topology optimization, a lightweight design is performed by a solid isotropic material with penalization with simple formula and well-convergence. The lightweight design consists of three steps. As a first step, a finite element model for the basic design of the on-board voltage converter was constructed and static analysis was performed on the load. In the second step, the optimum shape is obtained for the lightweight by performing the topology optimization using the solid isotropic material with penalization applying the stiffness coefficient of the isotropic material to the static analysis result. As a final step, impact analysis was performed by applying a half-sinusoidal pulse shape impact load which satisfies the impact test standard of the vehicle-mounted part with respect to the optimum shape. In the topology optimization, the design domain was defined as the mounting bracket area, and the design technology was finally achieved by optimizing the mounting bracket to achieve a weight reduction of 20% over the basic design.