• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.14
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• 2023

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. Objectives: Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. Methods: Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. After 24 h, cells were stained for interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS), field isolate (FI), of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Results: The frequency of IFN-γ⁺CD3⁺ T-cells and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of IFN-γ⁺ CD4^-CD8⁺ cells, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. Conclusions: We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2023

본 연구는 항공기용 부품 및 장비품 중 치명성 부품인 수송류 항공기용 금속계 제동패드의 부품등제작자증명 및 부가형식증명을 위한 원 부품 등과 개발품의 설계 동일성 입증을 위한 역설계 절차를 도출하였다. 역설계 절차에 대한 규정은 우리나라의 경우 부품등제작자증명 지침에 의해 규정되며, 미국의 경우 AC No; 21.303-4에 규정되어 있다. 제동패드의 역설계 절차는 각 구성품별 샘플 수량, 치수공차, 기계적 물성 측정, 자재, 무게 및 부피특성 등의 동일성 확인 항목을 선정하여 각각의 세부 절차를 정의하였다. 아울러 우리나라 및 미국의 연방항공규정을 분석한 결과, 우리나라의 경우 수송류 항공기용 제동장치의 기술표준품 표준서 및 비행시험과 관련된 규정의 제정이 필요하다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2023

In this study, the importance of each design element was analyzed by surveying experts in the development of Agro-Healing Virtual Reality Therapy System. It was found that the results of experts content importance were consistent with the results of consumer preferences in previous studies, such as psychological and emotional stability as the main effect the importance of sight and hearing, a relatively short time of 30 minutes or less, a low price of 5,000 won or less, technical factors that can satisfy the five senses, and various contents. When the spatial elements of the Agro-Healing Virtual Reality Therapy System were categorized into three major categories: elements and equipment, lines and paths, and sites and spaces, 'flowers', 'playgrounds', 'paths', 'sidewalks', 'rest areas' and 'gardens' were found to be highly important. Among the components of Agro-Healing Virtual Reality Therapy System, the usability was divided into eight major categories, including searchability, attractiveness, cognition, error handling, control, consistency, convenience, and feedback, and the importance was analyzed for each component. The significance of this study is that it suggests the design direction of virtual healing farm systems and provides effective information that can be used in the development of related systems in the future.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the state of the energy industry and to determine the efficiency of its functioning on the basis of energy conservation principle and application of innovative technologies aimed at improving the ecological modernisation of agricultural sectors of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach of financial and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project, based on calculation of elasticity, total costs and profitability, as well as on comparative, graphical and system analysis. The current stage is characterised by widely spread restructuring processes of electric power industry in many countries through introduction of new technical installations of energy facilities and increased government regulation in order to enhance the competitive advantage of electricity market. Electric power industry features a considerable value of creating areas. For example, by providing scientific and technical progress, it crucially affects not only the development but also the territorial organisation of productive forces, first of all the industry. In modern life, more than 90% of electricity and heat is obtained by Kazakhstan's economy by consuming non-renewable energy resources: different types of coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas and peat. Therefore, it is significant to ensure energy security, as the country faces a rapid fall back to mono-gas structure of fuel and energy balance. However, energy resources in Kazakhstan are spread very unevenly. Its main supplies are concentrated in northern and central parts of the republic, and the majority of consumers of electrical power live in the southern and western areas of the country. However, energy plays an important role in the economy of industrial production and to a large extent determines the level of competitive advantage, which is a promising condition for implementation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. In these circumstances, issues of modernisation and reforms of this sector in Kazakhstan gain more and more importance, which can be seen in the example of economically sustainable solutions of a large local monopoly company, significant savings in capital investment and efficiency of implementation of an investment project. A major disadvantage of development of electricity distribution companies is the prevalence of very high moral and physical amortisation of equipment, reaching almost 70-80%, which significantly increases the operating costs. For example, while an investment of 12 billion tenge was planned in 2009 in this branch, in 2012 it is planned to invest more than 17 billion. Obviously, despite the absolute increase, the rate of investment is still quite low, as the total demand in this area is at least more than 250 billion tenge. In addition, industrial infrastructure, including the objects of Kazakhstan electric power industry, have a tangible adverse impact on the environment. Thus, since there is a large number of various power projects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation, the environment is deteriorated. Hence, there is a need to optimise the efficiency of the organisation and management of production activities of energy companies, to create and implement new technologies, to ensure safe production and provide solutions to various environmental aspects. These are key strategic factors to ensure success of the modern energy sector of Kazakhstan. The contribution of authors in developing the scope of this subject is explained by the fact that there was not enough research in the energy sector, especially in the view of ecological modernisation. This work differs from similar works in Kazakhstan in the way that the proposed method of investment project calculation takes into account the time factor, which compares the current and future value of profit from the implementation of innovative equipment that helps to bring it to actual practise. The feasibility of writing this article lies in the need of forming a public policy in the industrial sector, including optimising the structure of energy disbursing rate, which complies with the terms of future modernised development of the domestic energy sector.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.95-114
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 창업지원정책의 수혜 기업들의 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 지원기관 및 실무자에게 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 창업지원정책이 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 메타분석을 하였다. 이를 위해 2007년부터 2020년까지 국내에서 발표된 학술지 논문과 학위논문의 선행연구들 중에서 정의 통계수치인 상관계수가 포함된 논문을 최종적으로 35편 선정하였다. 창업지원정책의 선행연구에서 독립변수로는 자금지원, 교육지원, 시설/장비지원, 네트워크지원, 멘토링지원, 컨설팅지원, 마케팅지원, 경영지원, 기술지원, 인력지원과 종속변수로 창업성과인 재무적 성과, 비재무적성과에 미치는 영향의 효과크기를 검토하였다. 효과크기의 패턴을 시각적으로 이해하기 쉽도록 forest plot으로 제시하였고 small-study-effect인 출간편의가 있는 데이터들은 민감성 분석을 통하여 이상치를 검증하였다. 정부지원정책의 효과크기를 분석한 결과 대체로 중간이상의 효과크기를 나타내 창업성과에 영향을 미치고 있음이 검증되었다. 독립변수 중 창업성과에 대한 효과크기가 가장 큰 요소는 인력지원이며, 그 다음으로 기술지원, 마케팅지원, 경영지원, 시설/장비지원, 교육지원, 멘토링지원, 자금지원, 네트워크지원, 그리고 컨설팅지원 순으로 효과크기가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 최근 2020년 10월 8일 「중소기업창업 지원법」이 제조업 중심에서 디지털 전환과 스마트화 등으로 개편한 만큼 창업지원정책도 창업단계를 고려하고 우선순위를 검증하여 예산의 편성을 하여야 한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1993년도 Fifth International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress 93
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• pp.1051-1054
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• 1993

The International Atomic Energy Agency's Statute in Article III.A.5 allows it“to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials, services, equipment, facilities and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose; and to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy”. Safeguards are essentially a technical means of verifying the fulfilment of political obligations undertaken by States and given a legal force in international agreements relating to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The main political objectives are: to assure the international community that States are complying with their non-proliferation and other peaceful undertakings; and to deter (a) the diversion of afeguarded nuclear materials to the production of nuclear explosives or for military purposes and (b) the misuse of safeguarded facilities with the aim of producing unsafeguarded nuclear material. It is clear that no international safeguards system can physically prevent diversion. The IAEA safeguards system is basically a verification measure designed to provide assurance in those cases in which diversion has not occurred. Verification is accomplished by two basic means: material accountancy and containment and surveillance measures. Nuclear material accountancy is the fundamental IAEA safeguards mechanism, while containment and surveillance serve as important complementary measures. Material accountancy refers to a collection of measurements and other determinations which enable the State and the Agency to maintain a current picture of the location and movement of nuclear material into and out of material balance areas, i. e. areas where all material entering or leaving is measurab e. A containment measure is one that is designed by taking advantage of structural characteristics, such as containers, tanks or pipes, etc. To establish the physical integrity of an area or item by preventing the undetected movement of nuclear material or equipment. Such measures involve the application of tamper-indicating or surveillance devices. Surveillance refers to both human and instrumental observation aimed at indicating the movement of nuclear material. The verification process consists of three over-lapping elements: (a) Provision by the State of information such as - design information describing nuclear installations; - accounting reports listing nuclear material inventories, receipts and shipments; - documents amplifying and clarifying reports, as applicable; - notification of international transfers of nuclear material. (b) Collection by the IAEA of information through inspection activities such as - verification of design information - examination of records and repo ts - measurement of nuclear material - examination of containment and surveillance measures - follow-up activities in case of unusual findings. (c) Evaluation of the information provided by the State and of that collected by inspectors to determine the completeness, accuracy and validity of the information provided by the State and to resolve any anomalies and discrepancies. To design an effective verification system, one must identify possible ways and means by which nuclear material could be diverted from peaceful uses, including means to conceal such diversions. These theoretical ways and means, which have become known as diversion strategies, are used as one of the basic inputs for the development of safeguards procedures, equipment and instrumentation. For analysis of implementation strategy purposes, it is assumed that non-compliance cannot be excluded a priori and that consequently there is a low but non-zero probability that a diversion could be attempted in all safeguards ituations. An important element of diversion strategies is the identification of various possible diversion paths; the amount, type and location of nuclear material involved, the physical route and conversion of the material that may take place, rate of removal and concealment methods, as appropriate. With regard to the physical route and conversion of nuclear material the following main categories may be considered: - unreported removal of nuclear material from an installation or during transit - unreported introduction of nuclear material into an installation - unreported transfer of nuclear material from one material balance area to another - unreported production of nuclear material, e. g. enrichment of uranium or production of plutonium - undeclared uses of the material within the installation. With respect to the amount of nuclear material that might be diverted in a given time (the diversion rate), the continuum between the following two limiting cases is cons dered: - one significant quantity or more in a short time, often known as abrupt diversion; and - one significant quantity or more per year, for example, by accumulation of smaller amounts each time to add up to a significant quantity over a period of one year, often called protracted diversion. Concealment methods may include: - restriction of access of inspectors - falsification of records, reports and other material balance areas - replacement of nuclear material, e. g. use of dummy objects - falsification of measurements or of their evaluation - interference with IAEA installed equipment.As a result of diversion and its concealment or other actions, anomalies will occur. All reasonable diversion routes, scenarios/strategies and concealment methods have to be taken into account in designing safeguards implementation strategies so as to provide sufficient opportunities for the IAEA to observe such anomalies. The safeguards approach for each facility will make a different use of these procedures, equipment and instrumentation according to the various diversion strategies which could be applicable to that facility and according to the detection and inspection goals which are applied. Postulated pathways sets of scenarios comprise those elements of diversion strategies which might be carried out at a facility or across a State's fuel cycle with declared or undeclared activities. All such factors, however, contain a degree of fuzziness that need a human judgment to make the ultimate conclusion that all material is being used for peaceful purposes. Safeguards has been traditionally based on verification of declared material and facilities using material accountancy as a fundamental measure. The strength of material accountancy is based on the fact that it allows to detect any diversion independent of the diversion route taken. Material accountancy detects a diversion after it actually happened and thus is powerless to physically prevent it and can only deter by the risk of early detection any contemplation by State authorities to carry out a diversion. Recently the IAEA has been faced with new challenges. To deal with these, various measures are being reconsidered to strengthen the safeguards system such as enhanced assessment of the completeness of the State's initial declaration of nuclear material and installations under its jurisdiction enhanced monitoring and analysis of open information and analysis of open information that may indicate inconsistencies with the State's safeguards obligations. Precise information vital for such enhanced assessments and analyses is normally not available or, if available, difficult and expensive collection of information would be necessary. Above all, realistic appraisal of truth needs sound human judgment.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제19호
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• pp.105-138
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• 2009

본 연구는 2005년 부산에서 개최된 APEC 행사의 안전활동 문제점을 도출하여 이를 토대로 향후 우리나라에서 개최될 다자간 국제회의 안전활동에 대한 제고방안을 모색해 보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 부산 APEC 행사에 직접 참여한 경찰, 소방, 군, 국정원 등 안전기관의 문제인식 차이를 통하여 제반적인 문제점을 도출해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 APEC 행사에 차출되어 근접해서 근무한 4개 안전기관 직원을 대상으로 델파이방법에 의해 3차례에 걸쳐 의견을 수렴, 다자간 국제회의의 단계별 구성요소 및 문제점을 파악하고 구성요소별로 문제인식에 대한 통계처리를 실시하였다. 이와 함께 안전기관 전문가 4명과 1 : 1 면담결과를 통하여 다자간 국제회의 행사에 있어서 현장에서 주로 이루어지는 현장활동단계는 어떤 역할을 하며, 그 중요성이 무엇인지를 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다. 현장활동단계에서는 첫째, 인력운영 면에서는 안전기관의 유경험자를 데이터베이스화하여 관리함으로써 차제에 유사한 범국가적인 행사에 차출할 수 있는 시스템을 마련해야 한다. 둘째, 효과적인 폭발물 검측을 위해서는 첨단장비의 도입을 중기계획에 의거하여 차질 없이 수행하고 유관기관과 합동반을 구성하여 주요 취약시설에 대한 점검을 동시에 병행하여야 한다. 셋째, 안전장비의 첨단화를 위해서는 첨단장비 박람회를 통한 장비도입이 사전에 이루어져야 한다. 넷째, 국내 외 정보기관과 행사와 관련된 정보를 공유하고 협조체제를 강화하여 대테러활동에 최선의 대책을 강구해야 한다. 다섯째, 각 기관별로 홍보활동을 경쟁적으로 전개하는 것 보다 상호이해 증진차원에서 홍보기구를 설치하여 대국민 홍보대책을 강구해야 한다. 여섯째, 소방관련 기관과의 협력을 강화하기 위해서는 평시에 전기, 가스, 승강기 등 관련회사와 유기적인 협조체제를 강화하여 행사 시 유관기관과의 통합조정권이 확보될 수 있도록 정책적인 배려가 필요하다. 일곱째, 원활한 취재활동의 편의를 제공하면서도 안전 및 질서유지를 도모하기 위해서는 명확한 보도관리 지침수립이 필요하다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2024

최근 글로벌 인구 증가,소득 향상에 따른 육류 소비증가 및 동불복지, 탄소중립, 지속 가능성 등에 대한 이슈로 대체육(식품) 시장이 급성장 하고 있다. 정부에서도 그린바이오융합형 신산업육성방안을 마련하여 대체식품을 육성하고 있으나, 국내 중소기업의 기술력 부족, 생산시설 미비 등으로 사업화에 어려움이 있어 기업의 애로사항 해결을 위한 공동활용 시설 장비 구축이 필요한 상황이다. 전라북도에서는 식물성 기반 대체육 산업화센터 설립을 통해 선진국 수준의 식물성 대체육 개발·가공 및 산업화 원천기술을 확보하기 위한 전략을 추진 중에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전라북도에 식물성 기반 대체육 산업화센터가 구축될 경우를 가정하여 식물성 기반 대체육 산업화센터의 경제적 타당성을 분석하였다. 먼저 식물성 대체육산업화센터 설립을 위한 기본구상을 검토하여 편익과 비용을 추정하고 다음으로 식물성 대체육 산업화센터 설립의 경제적 타당성을 분석하였으며 마지막으로 식물성 대체육 산업화센터의 지역경제 파급효과를 분석하였다. 먼저, 식물성 대체육 산업화센터는 전북바이오융합산업진흥원 내에 있는 식품분석센터(현재)를 1,000m²를 개보수하여 설립할 예정이며, 산업화센터 기반구축과 장비구축 그리고 사업화 R&D 및 운영비 등으로 100억원이 소요될 예정이다. 식물성 대체육 산업화센터는 총 5명의 신규인력을 채용하여 시설/장비를 구축하고 중장기적으로 사업을 지원할 계획이며 생산지원팀, 품질분석팀, 경영지원팀 등 총 3개의 팀으로 구성하는 것이 효율적이라 판단된다. 인력구성은 기존인력을 활용함과 동시에 신규 전문인력을 채용하여 전문성을 확보해야 하며, 경영지원, 품질분석 등 기관이 보유 및 가용한 인력을 활용하도록 설계하였다. 식물성 대체육 산업화센터 사업시행기간(2023년~2025년)에는 수익이 발생하지 않지만, 사업종료 이후 2026년부터는 장비활용수익, 기술이전수익, 교육수익, 기타수익이 매년 발생한다. 사업종료 이후 1년차인 2027년에는 장비활용수익(단독장비사용료, 품질분석), 기술이전수익, 교육수익, 기타수익으로 910,000천원이 발생하고 이후 장비활용수익, 기술이전수익, 교육수입이 꾸준히 증가하여 사업종료 후 5년차인 2030년에는 장비활용수익 1,350백만원, 기술 이전료(노하우, 기술) 360백만원, 기술교육수익 60백만원, 기타수익 400백만원이 발생할 것으로 예상된다. 다음으로 식물성 대체육 산업화센터 설립을 위한 기본구상을 기초로 사업의 경제적 타당성과 파급효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, B/C=1.32, NPV=374백만 원, IRR=4.8%로 나타나, 대체육산업화센터 구축에 따른 경제성은 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산업화 센터 구축에 따른 지역경제 파급효과를 분석한 결과, 전라북도에 380억 원이 투자될 경우 전국적인 생산유발효과가 740억 원, 부가가치유발효과가 298억 원, 취업유발효과가 672명 발생하는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구에서는 식물성 기반 대체육 산업화센터 설립에 따른 사업 타당성을 최초로 계측한 연구이지만, 현재에는 산업화센터가 설립되기 이전이기 때문에 산업화센터 설립에 따른 비용과 편익을 추정하여 분석하였다. 금후에는 산업화센터 설립에 대한 계획이 구체화 될 경우 보다 구체적이고 체계적인 자료에 기초하여 대체육 산업화센터 설립 타당성을 보완할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-106
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• 1986

1, The Purpose of Study This is a study on the Evaluation of the operating of Fisheries Extension Services of Korea, for performing the activities such as guiding fisheries technique as well as offering industrial information to the fishermen in fishing village. By doing so, the Fisheries Extension Sevices(FES) can materialize the continued growth of fisheries, the social and economic development of fishing village, and the increase in income by enhancing the knowledge level of Fishermen, etc. In performing fisheries policy, this activity plays a great role on the research and development activity, and it has become practical since 1976 in Korea. In order to meet immediately with the problem of fisheries technical innovation and rapid environmental changes surrounding the fisheries, the fishermen should not only enhance their scientific and comprehensive capacity in fisheries technique but abtain various effective information. Generally, as most of all the fishemen are poor in the managerial structure and scattered in fishing villages, they have little opportunity in the contact of information. As a result, it is nessessary for the FES to perform the fishing business by the extension service officials who has received special training and acquired fisheries know-how in these fields. And yet, FES is under the unfullfilled circumstance in such factors as manpower, technical know-how, equipment, and the service system etc., which is required in promoting the social, economic development of fishing village and in resolving the high technique demand of fisherman. This study on the fisheries extension services have been studied from those backgrounds. 2. Research Method The data of collecting methods which were necessary in carrying out this study was adopted by the questionaire research on the present extension service activity, through the subject of the extension services (driving agency of the work and the officials), the object(fishemen) and the 3rd observers to the extension services (the authorities concerned). The research sample was taken by the sampling extraction of total 1, 774 men from the above 3 groups. And the research was carried out from August, 1986 to October, 1986, supported from the Fisheries Extension Office (FEO) located in field during the research process. In this study, the levels of the extension operating were determined and estimated in accordance with the extension service method, morale of extension service officials and the extension service system, etc. through the collected data of the research questionaire paper. And based on this result, the essential conditions of the extension services were grasped, and also we tried to present the various activity plan necessary to promote the operating of the extension services. The questionaire research data was calculated by the computer center of National Fisheries University of Pusan, and the total result was again tried on the one demension analysis along with two dimension analysis to search out the relativity between the questionaire, and the statistical test was done $\chi$$^2$test in significance level of l~5%. 3. Contents of Study This study consists of 7 chapters and the contents are as follows : Chapter I : The object and method of the study Chapter II : The assessment and analysis of the extension services Chapter III : The contents and method of the extension services Chapter IV : Analysis of the essential conditions for the extension services Chapter V : The evaluation of activities of extension services Chapter Ⅵ : Conclusion.4. Results and RecommendationTherefore, the results of this study estimated by logical process and analysis are as follows : 1) Most of Korean fishing villages and coastal fishermen have shown much concerns about fisheries technique and social changes, thus many of them were confronted with new problems on how to adapt and to meet changes. 2) Majority of fishermen estimated FEO as an organization of specific technologies with all the thing concerning the fisheries technique in general. Therefore the fishermen wanted to utilize the FEO as an adaptable method for the modern fisheries techniques as well as the environmental changes. 3) In contrast with the fast changes of the fisheries technique, the complexity and variety of technical system and the broadness of fishing village and fishermen, it was revealed that the necessary factors such as the facilities, manpower, budget, and the level of applying techniques of the FEO located in field were highly insufficient. Accordingly, the guiding efficiency was low and the extension services did not provide full solution to the various request from fishermen. 4) It is possible to classify the activation factor for the extension service into two large dimension ; personal dimension relevant to guidance officials and work dimension relevant to the organization. And it was found that the activation level of the work dimension was far lower than the personal dimension between them. So, the activation should be done first in the dimesion to promote the activation of the extension services. 5) The extension services officials are now demoralized in general, thus it is necessary to take reality into consideration : the expense of activity, the adequate endowment of activity scope and the reasonable operation of the position class, etc to enhance its morale. However, in order to do the FES activation, first of all, the systems should be established which is lain unsettled stage until now. And there must be change in the understanding of government i.e. the fisheries extension services are the essential policy subject to build up the base of fisheries growth and modernize the fisheries management. And it should be driven positively with the recognition of the "lasting project".g project".uot;.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 세 행동체계(기술적, 의사소통적, 해방적 행동)에 따라 개발한 중학교 기술$\cdot$가정 주생활 영역 목표에 대해 교과 담당 교사가 인식하는 각 목표의 중요도를 알아보는 것이다. 중요도 인식에 대한 자료는 전국 중학교 기술$\cdot$가정과 교사를 대상으로 체계적 무선 표집을 통해 183개교에서 303부를 우편 설문지법으로 2003년 9월 1일-30일까지 한달 동안 수집하고, SPSS/WIN 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 세 행동체계별 주생활 영역 목표는 9학년 기술$\cdot$가정 교과서와 교사용지도서 8종에 실린 주생활 단원의 목표에다 미국 오하이오주의 교육과정 가이드와 한국 교육과정 평가원에서 제시한 주생활 영역의 교육목표와 내용기준을 참고하여 개발하였다. 각 내용요소별 세 행동체계 목표는 $\ulcorner$생활공간의 활용$\lrcorner$ 단원 11개 요소 $\ulcorner$실내 환경의 조절$\lrcorner$ 단원 7개 요소 $\ulcorner$주택의 유지와 보수$\lrcorner$ 단원 3개 요소 둥 총 21개 내용 요소에 대해 각각 세 행동체계 목표, 총 63개 목표를 개발하였다. 기술$\cdot$가정과 교사들은 세 행동체계에 따라 진술한 목표 가운데 해석적 행동체계로 진술된 목표를 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있었고, 다음은 기술적 행동체계, 해방적 행동체계 순이었다. 주생활 영역 전체에서는 해석적 행동체계 목표가 가장 중요하지만 중단원별로 보면 세 행동체계별 목표 중요도가 다소 차이가 있었다. 기술적 행동체계 목표는 세 중단원별로 중요도가 비슷한 반면, 해석적 행동체계 목표는 $\ulcorner$주택의 유지와 보수$\lrcorner$ 중단원 보다는 $\ulcorner$실내 환경과 설비$\lrcorner$ 중단원에서 더 중요하고, $\ulcorner$생활공간의 활용$\lrcorner$ 중단원은 해방적 행동체계 목표를 다른 두 중단원보다 덜 중요하게 인식하였다. 이러한 결과는 차기 교육과정과 교과서 개발과정에 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 세 행동체계별 주생활 영역 세부 목표의 중요도는 기술적 행동체계 중에서는 '에너지 사용을 최소화하면서 쾌적한 실내 온도를 유지하는 방법을 말한다'를 , 해석적 행동체계 중에서는 '생활쓰레기가 사회 환경에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 인식한다'를 , 해방적 행동체계 중에서는 '좋은 환경 만들기 운동을 통하여 친환경적 가치관을 형성한다'를 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있어 가정과 교사들은 사회적 목표와 현실에 직면한 실천적 문제로 구성된 목표들을 가장 중요하게 인식하는 것을 알 수 있다. 세 행동체계별 주생활 영역 목표 중요도는 교사의 일반적 특성에 따라 다소 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 연령이 많거나 교직경력이 긴 교사가 그렇지 알은 교사보다 기술적 행동체계 목표들을 중요시하였으며, 여성 교사, 가정 전공 교사가 그렇지 않은 교사보다 해석적, 해방적 행동목표를 더 중요하게 인식하고 있었다. 특히 가정교육 철학을 배운 경험이 있는 교사가 그렇지 않은 교사보다 해방적 행동체계 목표를 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과는, 실천 비판적인 가정 교과의 본질을 구현하기 위해서는 주생활 영역의 교육과정에 기술적, 해석적, 해방적 행동에 대한 목표들을 고루 포함하여야 하며 특히 교사들이 중요하게 인식하는 해방적 행동에 대한 목표를 강조하여 적용할 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다.