• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1997

With the increase use of electromagnrtic distance measuring equiment, is is required that we need to study the higher dimensional applications and detail technical methods. The purpose of this paper is to improve the accuracy of ocean construction surveying and computer programming for determining of horizontal position of a quadrilateral by measuring line on traverse surveyng, trigulation and trilateration. Aa long distance measurements with high accuracy became possible by the apperance of EDM distance measuring instruments, we induced correct adjustment equation through angle condition and area conditionequation. After that we compared and experimental model. From its a result of the practical applicationto quadrilateral, it has been found that its triangulation and traverse surveying algorithms provide better accuracy than trilateration.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 1993

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) serves to identify a project's possible effects on the environment early enough sufficiently allowing for them to be taken into account in the decision-making process. The EIA in Germany is an instrument of environmental Policy which considers nature as an integrated system (ecosystem). In the german process of developing environmental policy, the EIA has been one of the instruments which introduced by law rather late. This means that the German Law of EIA has been made in 1900, 20 years after the beginning of the environmental policy in Germany. In the following paper I intend to ${\cdot}$ explain the basic concept of the EIA in Germany ${\cdot}$ describe the process of law building for EIA ${\cdot}$ give a short overview of applications and experiences with EIA ${\cdot}$ show the links between EIA and general environmental policy in Germany.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2011

The sundials produced in King Sejong era had the functions of accurate observation instruments and were fabricated in various forms such as Angbuilgu (hemispherical sundial). In this study, we investigated the literature, structural characteristics and principles of Hyeonjuilgu, Cheonpyeongilgu and Jeongnamilgu that were developed in Joseon to have the unique structures. Additionally, the sundials were reviewed in the perspective of technical history by comparing them with the sundials of China. For the restoration of the sundials, we identified the principle in which the light spots and shade of the sun were used, and drew the variations of the altitude and azimuth by the yearly motion of the sun on the Siban on the hemispheric and flat surfaces. Based on these results, we completed the design drawings of the three sundials and proposed the restoration models.

• Ceramist
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.58-71
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• 2006

Scaling of the gate stack has been one of the major contributors to the performance enhancement of CMOSFET devices in past technology generations. The scalability of gate stack has diminished in recent years and alternative gate stack technology such as metal electrode and high-k dielectrics has been intensively studied during the last decade. Tody the performance of high-k dielectrics almost matches that of conventional $SiO_2-based$ gate dielectrics. However, many technical challenges remain to be resolved before alternative gate stacks can be introduced into mainstream technology. This paper reviews the research in alternative gate stack technologies to provide insights for future research.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1995

The state-of-the art of detection and measurements of non-ionizing radiations are reviewed in relation to protection requirements, especially for electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiations. Dosimetric quantities, instruments and considerations needed for measurement are briefly explained. For electromagnetic radiation, the power density levels from various practical sources are summarized for reference uses. Large errors remain in the measurements of non-ionizinf radiations in general. Technical needs of development in measurement and dosimetry of non-ionizing radiations, therefore, are promissing when the increasing public concerns about the adverse health effects of non-ionizing radiations and proliferation of their uses are taken into account.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

In this technical note, I report the analysis of electrochemical impedance data measured with potential sweeping. Even though the instruments for voltammetric impedance measurements have been developed for decades using different approaches, their applications are limited due to the lack of well-established protocols to easily analyze voltammetry data. To fill this gap, the singular point of the specific potential is considered that is only determined by the standard/formal potential and the transfer coefficient and is independent of the kinetics and experimental parameters (including revertability) of faradaic reactions. Taking the advantage of its inertness, I suggest an approach employing the singular point as a reference to obtain general electrochemical information. As all the concepts and methods are verified with numerical simulations, this technique is expected to be applied for complex reactions involving electrochemical and chemical reaction mechanisms.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.159-168
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• 2000

The purpose in this study is to determine the relationship between the curriculum orientations and professional teaching practices of Korean secondary school home economics teachers for the development of home economics curriculum. The instruments, Individual Curriculum Orientation profile(ICOP) and Professional Teaching Practice(PTP) were used to survey randomly selected 525 home economics leachers. The curriculum orientations explored were academic rationalism, technical, cognitive process, personal relevance, and social reconstruction. The professional teaching practices examined were customary-instrumental, interactive and reflective practices. Using canonical correlation, home economics teacher's teaching practices were found to be significantly related to their curriculum orientations. However, only 17.7% of the variability in professional teaching practices was explained by the five curriculum orientations.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

This paper discusses designing an interdisciplinary learning environment to promote learning of the liberal arts for advanced music students in order to expand the boundaries of their education experience beyond the technical mastery of their musical instruments. The paper discusses the utilization of salient features of information, communications, and technology and the use of instructional theory to promote the understanding of how individual pieces of music can be connected to knowledge of the context in which they were created to support the understanding of the relationship between experience in the world and musical composition.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.230-232
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• 2003

To avoid incomplete coaptation of the peripheral tear of the meniscus an arthroscopic vertical enclosing meniscus suture technique was developed. In this technique the meniscus was not penetrated with any instruments or suture materials. This technique seems to be simple and easy to learn and to practice.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2006

In the field of ophthalmology, many diagnostic instruments based on optical technology have been developed, such as refractometer, keratometer, corneal mapper, tonometer, fundus camera, slit lamp, laser scan ophthalmoscope and optical coherence tomography. Among them, the refractometer that is used for measuring the refractive power of the human eye has the long research history and various types have been developed. However the efforts to realize more accurate and precise measurement are still in progress. The wavefront analyzer commercialized in recent years is an excellent outcome of such efforts. In this paper, a brief account of the developmental history of various refractometers including the wavefront analyzer is summarized, and the underlying measurement principle is introduced in the view of optics. Finally, the technical issues that should be solved for getting better performance are discussed.