• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.231-270
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• 2002

US government and leaders in education have deeply paid an attention to the transition from school to work as we live in an era of globalization and fierce competion between countries. Industrial leaders, on the one hand, stress that schools should be reformed to adapt to changing technical environment. On the other hand, general educators still maintain that school education should strive to educate people to be a good citizen. However, fierce competition between countries under the remarkable development of computer and information technique has led the US government to create new programs of the transition from school to work. However, parents as well as students are still suspicious that diplom of high school with stress in skills is enough to keep a stable job, guarantee a satisfactory salary, and mai lain a social status. Accordingly they are more likely to use the school-to-work program as a supplement to the transition to college than to participate in the program to get a good job after high school. Each state in the US prepares its own program of the school-to-work transition with financial supports from the federal government. But the prospect of the programs in each state is not optimistic as financial supports from the federal government have decreased. The school-to-work transition program is strongly needed not only for those half who do not go to college but also for the US government that requires workers with a high level of skills. Nonetheless, the program is not firmly established in the US yet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2017

In the early part of rice growth, root volume primarily limits the amount of plant-accessible nitrogen (N). Therefore, knowledge of the root development is important for modeling N uptake of rice. The timing when the volume of rhizosphere cover the whole soil is also important to carry out timely top dressing. However, information about initial root expansion and associated N uptake is limited due to intrinsic technical difficulties in assessing below-ground processes. Some studies, however, showed a close relationship between below-ground root and above-ground leaf development, suggesting a possibility that above-ground attributes could serve as surrogates for the root processes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between below-ground and above-ground development of rice. Field experiments were conducted where we cultivated Koshihikari (a leading cultivar in Japan) for four different cropping schedules in 2012. In 2016, Gimbozu (HEG4) and three flowering time mutant lines of Gimbozu (X61 (se13), HS276 (ef7), DMG9 (se13, ef7)) were examined for a single season. Experiments were performed with three replications in a completely randomized design. We monitored ammonium-N concentration ([NH4+-N]) in soil solution by repeatedly taking samples from a porous tubing (10-cm long) vertically inserted at the most distant point from surrounding rice hills. Samples were taken in triplicate (= triplicate tubes) and every three days from transplanting in each experimental unit. For above-ground attributes, leaf area index (LAI) was measured in 2012, whereas soil coverage ratio was estimated by image processing in 2016. Results showed that [NH4+-N] increased gradually after transplanting and then rapidly decreased from a certain day. This distinct drop in [NH4+-N] informed us the timing at which the rice root system reached the point of porous tubing and thus essentially covered the whole soil volume. The LAI at the dropping point was about 0.43 regardless of the cropping schedules in 2012 experiment. In 2016, the coverage ratio at the N dropping point was within the range of 0.12 to 0.19 for four genotypes having different growth durations. In addition, the coverage ratios at seven weeks after the transplanting showed a good correspondence to LAI across the four genotypes. We therefore conclude that both LAI and coverage ratio may serve as robust indicators for root development and might be useful to estimate the timing when the root system fully cover the soil volume. Results obtained here will also contribute to develop models that can predict not only above-ground canopy development but also associated below-ground processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.465-473
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• 2002

Images are easily corrupted by noise during the data transmission, data capture and data processing. A technical method of noise analyzing and adaptive filtering for reducing of quantum noise in radiography is presented. By adjusting the characteristics of the filter according to local statistics around each pixel of the image as moving windowing, it is possible to suppress noise sufficiently while preserve edge and other significant information required in reading. We have proposed adaptive weighted median(AWM) filters based on local statistics. We show two ways of realizing the AWM filters. One is a simple type of AWM filter, whose weights are given by a simple non-linear function of three local characteristics. The other is the AWM filter which is constructed by homogeneous factor(HF). Homogeneous factor(HF) from the quantum noise models that enables the filter to recognize the local structures of the image is introduced, and an algorithm for determining the HF fitted to the detection systems with various inner statistical properties is proposed. We show by the experimented that the performances of proposed method is superior to these of other filters and models in preserving small details and suppressing the noise at homogeneous region. The proposed algorithms were implemented by visual C++ language on a IBM-PC Pentium 550 for testing purposes, the effects and results of the noise filtering were proposed by comparing with images of the other existing filtering methods.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.41-56
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• 2003

다양한 제품들이 존재하는 시장에는 타 제품에 비하여 품질대비 가격이 낮은 혁신적인 경쟁력있는 제품과 그렇지 못한 제품들이 혼재하고 있다. 그러나 정보의 부족(limited information), 제한적 합리성(bounded rationality) 등 여러 가지 원인으로 인하여 혁신적인 제품들만이 소비자들에게 선택되어 소비되는 것은 아니다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 현상을 설명하기 위하여 소비효율성(consumption efficiency)라는 개념을 도입, 제시하고자 한다. 만약 소비효율성이 극도로 낮다면 혁신적인 제품을 내어놓는다 하더라도 소비자들에게 선택되어 이윤이 발생될 확률이 낮기 때문에 생산자 입장에서는 혁신의 유인(innovation incentive)이 낮아질 수밖에 없게 된다. 이처럼 소비효율성의 문제는 혁신의 유인과 결과를 이해하는데 중요한 단초를 제공할 수 있게 된다. 이에 반하여 혁신을 이해하기 위한 기존의 분석틀은 생산경제이론(production economics)에 기반하고 있고, 효율성의 개념도 생산효율성(production efficiency) 혹은 기술적 효율성(technical efficiency)의 범주에서 다루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 소비효율성의 개념은 효용이론에 근거하고 있다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별화된다. 본 연구는 효용함수 극대화이론에서 출발하여 경계헤도닉함수(frontier hedomic function)을 도출하는 이론적 유도과정을 제시한다. 실증분석을 위해서는 SFA(Stochastic Frontier Analysis)의 방법론 체계를 적용하였다. 제시된 분석틀은 국내 PC산업의 데이터에 적용되었다. 분석의 결과 몇 가지 가정하에 국내 PC산업이 약 13%정도의 비효율성을 안고 있는 것으로 판단할 수 있으며, 초기혁신구매자(early adopter)들은 일정 정도의 비효율성을 기꺼이 감수할 것으로 분석되었다. 궤적 분석에서는 각 산업별 기술의 특성을 분석하는 것으로, 특정 기술 지식의 활용 기간을 통해 기술 주기를 도출하고, 산업 내 평균 권리 청구 항목 수를 이용하여 각 산업의 기술 범위를 비교하였다. 각각의 동적 분석을 통해 시간에 따른 변화 양상이 관찰하였고, ANOVA 분석을 이용하여 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 현재의 기술 패러다임 내에서 Pavitt이 제시한 산업 분류의 근거를 보충 설명하였고 특허 정보를 이용하여 기술혁신의 산업별 유형에 대한 폭넓은 분석방법을 제시하였다.별 시간대별 효과분석을 통하여 정책의 시행여부가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 화물전용차선의 설치로 인한 물류비용의 절감을 보다 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It is equal to 9% increase in index, as compared to that of control. In case of R-20458, the increasing

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_2
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• pp.881-891
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• 2020

Recently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Ministry of Science and ICT are developing the Land Observation Satellite (CAS-500) to meet increased demand for high-resolution satellite images. Expected image products of CAS-500 includes precision orthoimage, Digital Surface Model (DSM), change detection map, etc. The quality of these products is determined based on the geometric accuracy of satellite images. Therefore, it is important to make precision geometric corrections of CAS-500 images to produce high-quality products. Geometric correction requires the Ground Control Point (GCP), which is usually extracted manually using orthoimages and digital map. This requires a lot of time to acquire GCPs. Therefore, it is necessary to automatically extract GCPs and reduce the time required for GCP extraction and orthoimage generation. To this end, the Precision Image Processing (PIP) System was developed for CAS-500 images to minimize user intervention in GCP extraction. This paper explains the products, processing steps and the function modules and Database of the PIP System. The performance of the System in terms of processing speed, is also presented. It is expected that through the developed System, precise orthoimages can be generated from all CAS-500 images over the Korean peninsula promptly. As future studies, we need to extend the System to handle automated orthoimage generation for overseas regions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 1993

This study was initiated to obtain the scientific information for the improvement of paddy soil. Mean values and mutual relationships of bulk density, pH values and the content of organic matter were investigated at the 124 field sites shown to be nationwide high-yielding, young seedling field s and their neighboring fields under the different soil textures and depths. The soil samples were collected and those samples were analyzed in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences Institute. Mean values among the different soil textures and depths were estimated with loam-textured. Bulk density were significantly correlated with sand and silt in topsoil, and that were appeared to be correlated to sand, silt + clay, pH and content of organic matter highly significant in 1% level. Regression equation of soil bulk density(Y) to clay(C), orgnic matter (OM) and content of silt + clay(S+C) were as follows for the topsoil, Y=1.365+0.006C-0.003(S+C)~0.034OM (R=0.067*), and for the subsoil, Y=1.548 -0.002C-0.0007 (S+C) -0.036OM (R=0.122**).

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

This study deals with the design and development of imaging optics having 24mm focal length for MWIR ($3{\sim}5{\mu}m$) with two symmetrical lenses facing each other. We used CodeV in our optical design, and we performed the optimization process to have the resolution and angle of view satisfying the user's requirements. The materials of lenses were limited to two types, including KCIR035 with a refractive index of 1.7589, developed in Korea. The optical system designed in this way consists of two aspherical lenses made of KCIR035 material having the same shape and one spherical lens made of Si. Here, the arrangement of the two aspherical lenses is characterized by having a symmetrical structure facing each other. And this optical system has a resolution of MTF value of 0.35 or more at a line width of 20 lp / mm. Therefore, it is considered that this optical system has the capability to be applied to a thermal imaging camera using a $206{\times}156$ array MWIR detection device having a pixel size of $25{\mu}m$.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.171-185
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• 2000

The twenty-first century may be said to be entering into a specialized qualification age to meet the needs of new technical innovations such as environmental changes, demographical changes, changes in the constitution of diseases, changes in the needs of the national health, reforms of information and knowledge, etc., which requires the provision of competitive services that can fulfill the high level needs of consumers. In consequence, it is needed to apply a practical nursing model that can serve as a guide for healthy society and to secure the sphere that can affect nursing policy-making by keeping pace with the changing environment. Furthermore, it is also urgent to expand more the activity sphere of nurse specialists with authority and autonomy, establish their legal foundation, establish a qualification accreditation system for nurse specialists, and develop educational programs. In Korea, the law relative to organ transplant past the national assembly on February 9, 2000, legally acknowledged brain death, which indicated to us the emergence of an age of organ transplant. Therefore, it necessitates to find out those of brain death from whom organ transplant is feasible in clinical practices, with their families' consent link to those terminal organ failure patients who are in need of an organ, and mediate both parties so that smooth transplant can be accomplished. A series of these complicated procedures require systematically trained specialists with high level techniques of organic management. With this in mind, this study was conducted on 69 clinical nurse specialists for organ transplant, accredited by the hospital, who are in active service in clinical practices. The resultant findings were revealed, as follows: 1. The qualifications of clinical nurse specialists for organ transplant should be accredited by Ministry of Health and Welfare or Korea Nurses Association. 2. The validity of qualifications should be for three years, and their renewal should be based on marks of a supplemental training or an education course for more than 12 hours a year. 3. The qualification of the clinical nurse specialist necessitates theoretical lectures and practices on those nurses who have had clinical experience in the pertinent field. 4. The course of training is required to be one year in the length of training and take more than 20 credits (320 hours) and 5 credits (240 hours).

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide a basic research data for increasing the satisfaction by analyzing perception of middle school beginning technology teachers 'technology home economics' class for free semester program. In order to investigate the class operation status, the survey questionnaires from 100 teachers were collected from middle school beginning teachers who teach technology home economics subject currently and analyzed by statistical program(SPSS ver.18). The main results of this study were as follows: First, there was no statistically significant difference to contents and satisfaction of lesson between teachers who experienced free semester program and not. In comparison of male teachers and female teachers, male teachers thought that free semester program was more helpful for student's 'career exploration' than female teachers, and there was statistically significant difference. Second, in the teacher's response according to have practice space and not, the satisfaction average of teachers who have practice space was higher(M=3.64) than those who have not at 'career exploration' and there was statistically significant difference satisfaction. Third, among the teachers who have experienced free semester program, male teachers were having more difficulty 'determining the assessment criteria' than the female teachers and there was statistically significant difference. Fourth, to improve the satisfaction of technical lesson, technology teachers asked to solve lack of practice material, increase of lesson-time, lack of practice space and lesson contents etc. Fifth, technology teachers asked free semester program seminars and information because free semester program lesson contents was given by internet and research groups of technology education.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2013

In this paper, a new system requirement management tool and its application on the Urban Transit Maglev Project were introduced. In most R&D projects on complexity system such as transportation system, Systems Engineering(SE) activities are included on each project, and SE teams are using commercial computer-based tools to perform the SE activities. Even though SE tools help to manage huge data and documents on engineering efficiently, but well-designed functions of SE tools which support SE activities are not sufficiently used on the whole process of system engineering. In order to computer-based SE tools are to be effectively used on project management, most engineers who takes engineering and coordination roles, at least sub-project managers should be familiar to the tool and could be easily use it, but usability of commercial SE tools are very difficult for normal engineers with no experience on SE activities and SE tools. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a new system requirement management tool considering each user's scenario on using engineering tools. The developed tool could not cover whole SE processes, but designed to perform requirement engineering such as system requirements(SRs) management, specification management, traceability management, SRs' verification activity management and so on. All the entities on SR database are inter-connected by pre-recognized traceabilities, so even non-specialists on SE can easily browse the database and find entities concern, and linked information such as interacted entities, legal or engineering constraints, coordination documents, status of development and verification and so on. Also functions for SR verification tools, TPM(Technical Performance Measure) tools, DB searching tools with traceability, and report generation tools are included on the system.