• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2018

Clarification is needed regarding the definitions and classification of groove and hollowness of the infraorbital region depending on the cause, anatomical characteristics, and appearance. Grooves in the infraorbital region can be classified as nasojugal grooves (or folds), tear trough deformities, and palpebromalar grooves; these can be differentiated based on anatomical characteristics. They are caused by the herniation of intraorbital fat, atrophy of the skin and subcutaneous fat, contraction of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle or squinting, and malar bone resorption. Safe and successful treatment requires an optimal choice of filler and treatment method. The choice between a cannula and needle depends on various factors; a needle is better for injections into a subdermal area in a relatively safe plane, while a cannula is recommended for avoiding vascular compromise when injecting filler into a deep fat layer and releasing fibrotic ligamentous structures. The injection of a soft-tissue filler into the subcutaneous fat tissue is recommended for treating mild indentations around the orbital rim and nasojugal region. Reducing the tethering effect of ligamentous structures by undermining using a cannula prior to the filler injection is recommended for treating relatively deep and fine indentations. The treatment of mild prolapse of the intraorbital septal fat or broad flattening of the infraorbital region can be improved by restoring the volume deficiency using a relatively firm filler.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

Anterior knee pain is a major problem among adolescents and young adults especially those who participates in sports. The most common pathogenesis of anterior knee pain can arise from compression and shear forces in the patellofemoral joint. It is also caused by impingement of infrapatellar fat pad. Fat pad impingement can occur when the fat pad becomes swollen and inflamed due to a direct blow or chronic irritation. As a result, the bottom tip (or inferior pole) of the patella can pinch the fat pad. One of the many causes of swollen fat pad can be secondary to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to compare the infrapatellar fat pad volume in patients with acute ACL injury and a group of age-, gender-, and activity- matched controls with intact ligament. Axial magnetic resonance (MR) images have been performed on 32 patients with torn ACL and 40 control patients. The volume of the fat pad was measured digitally from MR image by using a 3d Reconstruction software, ellipsoidal approximation, and a MATLAB code. The results were compared between patients with torn ACL and control group. Patients with a torn ACL had a significantly larger fat pad than the controls (P=0.01). There was no significant difference between the methods used to measure the infrapatellar fat pad volume (P=0.83-0.87). Thus, lesions of the infrapatellar fat pad is often associated with ACL injury.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2005년도 제3차 연수강좌
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• pp.78-93
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• 2005

The posterior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder is a complex problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Increased joint volume by redundant capsular ligament has been regarded as a major pathogenesis of the posterior and multidirectional instability. Distinct from multidirectional hyperlaxity, multidirectional instability has symptoms related with increased translations in more than one direction. Recent report that shoulder symptom originates from labral lesion which was created by excessive rim-loading of the humeral head on the posteroinferior glenoid labrum during repetitive subluxation helps us to understand the pathogenesis of such instability. Painful jerk and Kim tests indicate labral lesion in the multidirectionally loose shoulder, suggesting multidirectional instability. Also, painful jerk test is a prognostic sign of failure of nonoperative treatment. The labral lesion can be an incomplete tear or a concealed lesion which often has been underestimated. Operative treatment is indicated when nonoperative treatment has failed. Arthroscopic capsulolabroplasty is a reliable procedure, which not only provides capsular balance, but also restores the labral height.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2010

Purpose: Many causes for triggering or locking of the fingers have been discussed in other literatures. The most common one is known stenosing tenosynovitis, which causes, a mismatch between the volume of the flexor tendon sheath and its contents. However, repeated trauma to the hand is uncommon cause of trigger finger. Therefore, we present a case of a rare condition of stenosing tenosynovitis which developed from a repeated relatively weak superficial flexor tendon injury. Methods: The patient was a 62-year-old woman who showed a painless, fixed and round mass on her right hand with no particular cause. Active and passive range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of long finger was limited in flexion and extension. Ultrasonographic finding showed injured flexor digitorum superficialis tendon had fibrillar architecture with swelling between hyperechoic synovial membrane and hypoechoic surrounding area. Surgical exploration revealed that a bunched portion of the flexor digitorum superficialis and A1 pulley cause triggering during operation after adhesiolysis of scar tissue. Results: After releasing the A1 pulley, the range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of long finger showed no limitation and histological examination of the subcutaneous tissue revealed fibrous fatty degeneration. In this case, releasing the A1 pulley with adhesiolysis of the subcutaneous scar tissue was successful and we obtained good functional outcome. Conclusion: We examined a patient in whom a repetitive impact forces to the palm caused longitudinal tear of the flexor tendon, leading to trigger finger. We experienced a rare case of stenosing tenosynovitis and trigger finger caused after close injury to flexor digitorum superficialis and its degenerative changes that caused mass like effect. To the best of authors' knowledge, our case of close injury to the flexor digitorum superficialis and unique morphologic change before rupture of tendon is rarely to be reported.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on tendon healing and fatty degeneration in a chronic rotator cuff model. Methods: Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into two groups: Saline+repair (SR) and PCA+repair (PR). The right shoulder was used for experimental interventions, and the left served as a control. PCA (30 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally at the site of infraspinatus tendon detachment in rats in the PR group, and the same volume of saline was administered to the same site in the SR group. The torn tendon was repaired 4 weeks after infraspinatus detachment. Four weeks after repair, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), S100, and CD68 stains were performed to evaluate the degree of fatty degeneration and H&E and Masson trichrome stains were performed to assess tendon healing. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured to test the efficacy of PCA as an antioxidant. Results: Results from histological evaluation indicated that SOD and CD68 levels at the musculotendinous region and collagen fiber parallel to the orientation at the tendon-to-bone junction were not significantly different between the SR and PR groups. The mean load-to-failure of the PR group (20.32±9.37 N) was higher than that of the SR group (16.44±6.90 N), although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.395). The SOD activity in the operative side infraspinatus muscle of the PR group was higher than that of the SR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.053). Conclusions: The use of PCA could improve tendon healing and decrease fatty degeneration after rotator cuff repair.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구에서는 RGP렌즈의 제조과정 중 연마에 의하여 유발되는 렌즈의 물성 변화를 조사하고 이에 따른 실제 착용감과 착용자의 눈물막 파괴시간은 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: RGP렌즈(fluorosilicone acrylate재질) 제조 시 연마시간을 각각 0초, 25초, 50초 및 100초로 달리하여 제조한 4개의 렌즈두께, 렌즈 표면 및 렌즈 접촉각을 비교하였다. 또한 이들 렌즈를 눈물량이 정상인 피검안에 착용시키고 피검자들이 느끼는 착용감을 설문조사하였으며, 피검자들의 비침습성 눈물막 파괴시간을 측정하였다. 결과: 연마시간을 달리한 4개의 RGP렌즈 두께는 유의한 차이는 없었으나 연마 후에는 렌즈 표면이 매끄러워짐을 주사전자현미경으로 확인하였다. RGP렌즈의 접촉각은 연마시간의 증가에 따라 유의하게 감소하여 연마시간이 0초인 렌즈와 100초인 렌즈 간의 접촉각 차이는 약 $16^{\circ}$ 정도이었으며 이는 통계적으로도 유의한 차이이었다. RGP렌즈의 실제 착용감은 렌즈의 습윤성이 증대할수록 좋아지는 경향을 보였으나 비례적으로 좋아지는 것은 아니었다. 연마조건에 따른 착용자의 눈물막 파괴시간변화는 습윤성이나 착용감의 변화와는 다른 양상을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 RGP렌즈 제조 시 물리적인 자극에 의한 습윤성의 증대나 렌즈두께의 얇아짐, 렌즈조도의 향상이 실제 착용 시 타각적 및 자각적 만족도의 증가와 일치하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 RGP렌즈 제조 시 렌즈의 물성뿐만 아니라 착용자의 생리적인 요인 또한 고려되어야 할 것을 제안할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2005

In this paper, we are proposing a robust tool which is capable of measuring the size and elemental composition of submicron particles from twenty to several hundreds nanometers at the same time, i.e., named Single Particle Mass Spectrometer (SPMS). The home-made SPMS employs a laser ablation/multi-photon ionization method to tear a nanoparticle into the constituent elemental ions. One thing different from the conventional Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) is the power of the ionization laser. Much strong laser used in this work makes it possible to generate elemental ions rather than molecular ions from a nanoparticle. Also the use of high power laser may guarantee a complete ionization of a particle, which was confirmed by the existence of multiple charged ions. If a particle is evaporated/ionized completely and detected through electric field-free TOF tube without any loss, we can extract the original particle volume from the measured total ion numbers. Collecting a number of particles mass spectra, we get a database of size and elemental composition of nanoparticles, with which we may take a took into any kinds of chemical reaction occurring at nanoscale. Several issues related to size estimation by SPMS will be discussed.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.725-734
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• 2021

타이어 사고를 방지하기 위해 앱 인벤터와 블루투스 통신을 이용한 타이어 안전을 확인할 수 있는 애플리케이션을 개발하였다. 온도 센서로 외부 온도를 측정하여 계절의 변화를 알고 압력센서로 타이어의 공기압을 측정하여 외부 온도에 맞는 공기압을 알려주며 레이저 센서의 거리를 50mm이상과 각도를 45°로 해야 최적화된 타이어의 마모도를 측정할 수 있었다. 마모도 측정된 수치에 따라 타이어의 상태를 판단하여 앱 인벤터를 사용하여 블루투스 모듈을 통해 연동한 후 사용자의 핸드폰으로 타이어의 상태와 예상교체를 알 수 안전을 확인할 수 있는 애플리케이션을 개발하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2015

As FK506 binding proteins (FK506BPs) are known to play an important role in the regulation of a variety of biological processes related to cell survival, this study was designed to examined the protective effects of FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) on low humidity air flow induced dry eye in a rat model using transduced PEP-1-FK506BP. After the topical application of PEP-1-FK506BP, tear volumes were markedly increased and significant prevention of cornea damage was observed compared with dry eye rats. Further, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PEP-1-FK506BP markedly prevented damage to the cornea, the bulbar conjunctiva, and the palpebral conjunctiva epithelial lining compared with dry eye rats. In addition, caspase-3 and PARP expression levels were found to be decreased. These results demonstrated that topical application of PEP-1-FK506BP significantly ameliorates dry eye injury in an animal model. Thus, we suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP can be developed as a new ophthalmic drop to treat dry eye diseases.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, involves the destabilization of the normal balance between the degradation and the synthesis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone within a joint. As articular cartilage degrades over time, its smooth surface roughens and bone-against-bone contact ensues, producing the inflammation response symptomatic of this 'wear and tear' disease. Although a variety of genetic, developmental, metabolic, and traumatic factors may initiate the development of osteoarthritis, its symptoms (joint pain, stiffness, and curtailed function) typically evolve slowly, and patients experience periods of relative calm alternation with episodes of inflammation and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic synovitis and cartilage destruction, affect 1% of the total population. Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue in which the chondrocytes occupy only 5% of the volume. Cartilage is particularly rich in extracellular matrix, with matrix making up 90% of the dry weight of the tissue chondrocytes have cell processes that extend a short distance into the matrix, but do not touch other cells thus in cartilage, cell-matrix interactions are essential for the maintenance of the extracellular matrix. In this study, subtractive hybridization method was utilized to detect genes differentially expressed in chondrocytes treated with methylprednisolone. We have isolated 57 genes that expressed differentially in the chondreocytes by methylprednisolone. 13 clones of them were analyzed with sequencing and their homologies were searched. 8 cDNAS included KIAA 0368, upregulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 (usmg 5), ribosomal protein S 18 (RPS 18), skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor, radial spoke protein 3 (RSP 3), ribosomal protein QM, ribosomal protein L37a (RPL37A), cytochrome coxidase subunit VIII (COX8).