• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.882-887
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• 2014

In this paper, the water cooling method among the forced coolant cooling methods is considered to be applied to the 110kW-class IPMSM for railway vehicles. First, basic thermal property analysis of the IPMSM is conducted using the three-dimensional thermal equivalent network method. Then, based on the results of the basic thermal property analysis, some design requirements for the water cooling jacket are deduced and a basic design of the water cooling jacket is carried out. Finally, thermal equivalent circuit of the water cooling jacket is attached to the IPMSM's 3D thermal equivalent network and then, the basic thermal and effectiveness analysis are conducted for the case of applying the water cooling jacket to the IPMSM. In the future, the thermal variation trends inside the IPMSM by the application of the water cooling jacket is expected to be quickly and easily predicted even at the design step of the railway traction motor.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.4-12
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• 2003

Software process improvement has been one of the most important ways to improve the quality of software and the effectiveness and efficiency of software development organization. During the past 10 years, more than 5,000 organizations have adopted the SW-CMM and many other organizations have adopted similar process models. IEEE and international standards are evolving to encourage and support continued process improvement. The Software Engineering Institute is committed to broadening the benefits of software process improvement to the entire engineering organization through a new model called CMM Integration and to enable faster improvement through the Personal Software Process and the Team Software Process. The SEI is also committed to working with its colleagues in Korea so that industry can reap the benefits from this important and exciting work.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.177-186
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• 2023

Background: Inner Mongolia, desertification is happening due to climate change and land use alterations. In order to evaluate desert restoration effectiveness, this study compares number of species and species diversity in restored (with planted trees), unrestored area, and the reference ecosystem (Ref-E, typical steppe and woody steppe). Results: The Ref-E had the most plant species (64 taxa), while the unrestored area had the fewest (5 taxa). Among restored areas (restored in 2012, 2008, 2005), older restoration sites had more species (18-42). Similarly, species richness (3.93-0.41) and diversity (1.99-0.40) were highest in the Ref-E and lowest in unrestored areas, with older restored sites having higher values. Conclusions: More plant species and diversity in older restoration areas suggest progress toward ecosystem stabilization, approaching the Ref-E. Therefore, tree planting in Inner Mongolia's Hulunbuir semi-arid desert is a successful restoration effort.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.156-171
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• 1996

Background: Nosocomial infection control is one of important means to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital, however, it has been neglected by most of the hospital personnels. Of nosocomial infections, urinary tract infection is the highest incidence, which is related to the indwelling catheter. It is, therefore, necessary to pay primary attention to the patients with the indwelling catheter in intensive care unit in order to control nosocomial Infection and to improve the quality of medical care in the hospital. Methods : The subjects of this study were patients with indwelling catheter who were admitted to the ICU of Pusan Paik Hospital from March 1994 to May 1995. The author calculated UTI rate among the subjects through the cultivation of the urine, identified the related factors of the UTI through brain storming of study team and head nurses working at ICU, and analized the effectiveness of the proposed approaches through comparing the infection rates of before and after activities. Results : The major activities carried out by the study team were to conduct in-service education programs for the staffs working at ICU about the importance of the nosocomial infection control in QA, and nursing intervention to reduce the UTI rate among the patients with indwelling catether. 1. The major nursing interventions that the study team had implemented were as follows ; 1) Drainage system was changed from partial open system to completely closed system. 2) Bladder irrigation which was routinely practised in all patients stopped among the noninfected patients. 3) Bladder irrigation set was changed to the disposable one. 4) Catheter was inserted under the anesthesia for patients to be operated. 5) Male patient receiving wrapped with gauze after perineal care was not wrapped. 6) Clamp which had not been before was newly attached to drainage tube. 7) Urine bag which had been packed into a lot of pieces was done into each piece. 8) The interval of change of indwelling catheter had regularly been four weeks, however it was used continously until it worked well. 9) Catheter was attached well at the defined site. 10) Paper towel was used instead of cotton towel. 11) Mats at the entrance were removed and cleansing of wards was enhanced. 2. The UTI rate by month was 34.4% in maximum and 9.8% in minimum during the period of this study, however it had gradually decreased. After 6 months from initiating infection control activities, the trend of rates was relatively stable. It was identified that UTI rate was different by season 12.5% in winter and 27.2% in summer. 3. Utilization rate of indwelling catheter was maintained at under 50%, but it was increased above 57% from April 1995. 4. The number of bladder irrigation sets used per day was 33.3 sets in maximum and 2.8 sets in minimum. The number used per day were also remarkably deceased. Conclusion : It was found that a program to control UTI could contribute to nosocomial infection control, and it was, in turn, a mean to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital. The nursing interventions which this study team had implemented were effective in the reduce of UTI rates.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

Convergence of information technology (IT) and medical devices enables people to measure health-related information ubiquitously, such as measuring blood glucose at home and checking cardiac signals during exercise and it allows us to access to medical care anywhere and anytime. Nowadays, the market for U-healthcare medical devices is growing rapidly, but guidelines for the evaluation of safety and effectiveness of such devices remain to be formulated. We performed a study on the development of safety and performance evaluation method for portable, hand-held, U-healthcare medical devices. We reviewed current guidelines and standards for home-health devices from the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) and related international committees such as the ISO/IEEE and CE. We summarized the test methods and items for the evaluation of safety and performance related to U-healthcare medical devices from the above guidelines and standards. We defined requirements for a U-healthcare medical device to demonstrate good performance. In conclusion, we propose an evaluation method for U-healthcare medical devices, which will help improve the safety and reliability of these devices.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 2003

Changran jeotkal, a Korean traditional fermented seafood, was prepared as a pilot scale using a commercial method and irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 kGy by gamma ray to investigate possibilities for further industrial application. To see the effectiveness and rapid industrialization, hot pepper powder was irradiated at 10 kGy and manufactured the changran jeotkal (HP-10 kGy) as same method since the hot pepper powder was approved legally for gamma irradiation in Korea. The content of volatile basic nitrogen and amino nitrogen was significantly reduced by gamma irradiation in all storage periods. Amino nitrogen contents of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 kGy and HP-10 kGy were 98.9, 98.5, 92.4, 88.0 and 93.1mg%, respectively after 12 week of storage at $10^{\circ}C$. In total, 8 kinds of biogenic amines were found from the samples, and the contents in the gamma irradiated changran Jeotkal were lower than those of the control during storage. The sample of HP-10 kGy showed similar physicochemical characteristics to the sample irradiated as $2.5{\sim}5.0\;kGy$. Results indicated that gamma irradiation of fermented seafood products such as seasoned changran jeotkal improved quality stability, thus, we recommend gamma irradiation for industrial application.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

The nuclear power industry in the world has recognized the importance of integrating non-technical and team skills training with the technical training given to its control room operators to reduce human errors since the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Korea has been also making efforts to reduce the human errors which largely have contributed to 120 nuclear reactor trips from the year 2001 to 2006. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was one of the efforts to reduce the human errors in the nuclear power industry. The CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight recorders and cockpit voice recorders into modern jet aircraft. The CRM first became widely used in the commercial airline industry, but military aviation, shipboard crews, medical and surgical teams, offshore oil crews, and other high-consequence, high-risk, time-critical industry teams soon followed. This study aims to develop a CRM training program that helps to improve plant performance by reducing the number of reactor trips caused by the operators' errors in Korean NPP. The program is; firstly, based on the work we conducted to develop a human factors training from the applications to the Nuclear Power Plant; secondly, based on a number of guidelines from the current practicable literature; thirdly, focused on team skills, such as leadership, situational awareness, teamwork, and communication, which have been widely known to be critical for improving the operational performance and reducing human errors in Korean NPPs; lastly, similar to the event-based training approach that many researchers have applied in other domains: aircraft, medical operations, railroads, and offshore oilrigs. We conducted an experiment to test effectiveness of the CRM training program in a condition of simulated control room also. We found that the program made the operators' attitudes and behaviors be improved positively from the experimental results. The more implications of the finding were discussed further in detail.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.48-53
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• 2017

Liquid rocket engines (LREs) are very complex systems that include combustion chambers, turbopumps, gas generators, ducts and tubes, valves and etc. Most components of the LREs require higher than or equal to level 6 IT (ISO Tolerance). The components along with pipe line and/or tubing must dispose not to interfere each other. In addition, effectiveness of maintenance and service after assembling should be considered when the allocation of the components are determined. Especially at the stage of the development, tolerance accumulations or unpredictable errors may result in misalignment and/or mismatches at interfaces of the parts. Namely, it is the engine assembling process that many inherent risks are realized and crises or incidents occur. Therefore, a rapid reaction system should be prepared. In this research, 7 tonf class liquid rocket assembling process was studied and actual building steps were introduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.160-166
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• 2021

In this study, we aim to develop a scenario for educational utilization of disaster response robots that can be used at fire sites and analyze the effectiveness of scenarios according to robot utilization education. Our scenarios were developed based on direction, reality, and rationality determined through the use of a questionnaire survey distributed to current firefighters. In addition, the educational utilization of disaster response robots and training effectiveness were analyzed through repetitive robot control training by a robot development team, current firefighters, and college students. Robot control was divided into direct control, monitor control, and simulation control, and tests were carried out five times. As a result of the analysis of the robot control test, the average time spent for each group was 28 seconds for college students, followed by development teams (30second) and incumbent firefighters (38second). According to the individual analysis results, firefighters (maximum 35second) in direct control, the development team (maximum 14second) in monitor control, and firefighters (maximum 22second) in simulation control showed the effect of shortening control time. These results show that robot control education and training is necessary for robots to be used more effectively at disaster sites.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial reduction effect of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite in Korean chive. Korean chive inoculated with foodborne pathogens at the level of approximately 7~8 log CFU/g was treated with various concentration of chlorine dioxide (3, 4, 10, 25 and 100 ppm and sodium hypochlorite (100, 150 and 200 ppm) for 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes. The treatment of 150 ppm sodium hypochlorite and 50 ppm chlorine dioxide for 30 min reduced the number of total bacteria in Korean chive up to 2.0 log CFU/g. Reduction of microbial levels was observed for all concentrations of sanitizers but their effectiveness did not correspond to their concentration. Due to the quality degradation, 50 ppm chlorine dioxide was not appropriate for Korean chive. Most effective reduction of microbial levels was observed when Korean chive were treated with 9 times more sanitizer in volume. For field application, the treatment of 150 ppm sodium hypochlorite showed 2.7 and 4.0 log CFU/g reductions for numbers of total bacteria and coliforms, respectively. Therefore, washing with sodium hypochlorite of a ratio of 1:9 (Korean chive : 150 ppm sodium hypochlorite (w/v)) for 30 minutes can reduce the number of foodborne pathogen in Korean chive.