• Title/Summary/Keyword: Teaching methods

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Technology and Home Economics Teachers' Perception of Participation in School Curriculum Organization and High School Credit System (기술·가정과 교사의 학교교육과정 편성 참여와 고교학점제에 대한 인식)

  • Park, Mi Jeong;Lim, Yunjin;Kwon, Yoojin;Lee, Kwangjae
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the secondary school technology and home economics teachers' perception of the school curriculum organization and high school credit system. For this purpose, the questionnaire data of 345 secondary technology and home economics teachers nationwide were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, and F-test with SPSS 24. The research results were as follows. First, technology and home economics teachers recognized that current schools lacked the time to organize technology and home economics curriculum (61.1%) and the number of teachers (53%). Most of them have participated (62.0%) and were very willing to participate in the school curriculum organization (4.47, 89.9%). Second, technology and home economics teachers were aware of the high school credit system more than the average (3.34), and more negative (52.8%) than positive (37.7%). As a positive influence, students recognized career choices (3.88) and deepened professional content in their major fields (3.81). On the other hand, the negative impact was the decrease in choice due to non-entry subjects (3.90) and the difficulty in moving teachers to school (3.57). Third, in order to stably respond to the introduction of high school credit system, technology and home economics teachers recognized the importance of coordinating career elective courses (4.51), developing and disseminating teaching and learning materials for elective courses (4.46), separating technology and home economics (4.45), and providing training on evaluation methods and applications (4.44). This study would be useful to provide the basic information and data for the future development of technology and home economics curriculum at the national level based on high school credit system.

Development of an accreditation system for dietary and nutrition related education resources (영양.식생활 교육자료의 인증 시스템 개발 연구)

  • Kim, Ji-Myung;Lee, Kyoung Ae;Park, Yoo Kyoung;Lee, Kyung-Hea;Oh, Sang Woo;Lee, Hee Seung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.145-156
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish accreditation systems of reliable educational materials for nutrition and dietary life which could be used in schools, workplace, and health promotion. Methods: The study was conducted from April 2011 to October 2011. Literature reviews, institutional visits, and telephone interviews were conducted. Expert meetings and advisory councils were held in order to receive feedback on development of the accreditation systems. A survey was conducted for the accreditation procedures on 143 professionals, including professors, researchers, health and medical experts, teachers, nutrition teachers, dietitians, and clinical nutritionists. Results: The final procedure of the developed accreditation system was finalized as follows: 1) receiving application twice per year 2) complete desk review (written evaluation) by three reviewers within two months, 3) board review (all board members) and decision, and 4) notification of results. The accreditation system is set for printed materials, web-site, and materials for activities. The certificate and accreditation mark is issued to the final certified educational materials. Expiration date is established only for the web-site form. The accreditation length lasts for two years, and can be extended by renewal application. Conclusion: The dietary and nutrition related materials, which are certificated by this accreditation system, could impart reliable information and knowledge to both learners and educators, and help them in effective selection of educational materials. Therefore, this accreditation system might be expected to increase satisfaction for teaching and learning about nutrition and healthy dietary life.

Chardin's Genre Paintings of Child Education: The Enlightenment Views on Children of the French Bourgeois Class in the 18th Century (샤르댕의 아동 교육 장르화 - 18세기 프랑스 부르주아의 계몽주의적 아동관)

  • Ko, Yu-Kyoung
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.8
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    • pp.33-58
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    • 2009
  • This paper examines four genre paintings on the subject of child education by Jean-Baptiste-Sim${\'{e}}$on Chardin(1699-1779). The Governess, The Diligent Mother, Saying Grace, and The Morning Toilette garnered critical attention after they were exhibited in the Salon from 1739 to 1741. After the exhibition, the paintings were made into prints and frequently sold to members of the bourgeois class in Paris. The iconographical details of Chardin's genre paintings have, thus far, been compared to Dutch genre pictures of the seventeenth century. Further, most studies conducted on Chardin's paintings focus on formal analysis rather than the historical and social contexts. Through attempting social-contextual readings of Chardin's educational series, this paper argues that the significance of Chardin's painting series of child education lies in his representation of the ideal French bourgeois family and the standard of early childhood education in the eighteenth-century French Enlightenment period. In each of the four child education paintings, Chardin depicted a mother with children in a domestic space. Even though this theme derives from traditional Dutch genre paintings in the seventeenth century, the visual motifs, the pictorial atmosphere and the painting techniques of Chardin all project the social culture of eighteenth century France. Each painting in the child education series exemplifies respectively the attire of a French gentlemen, the social view on womanhood and the education of girls, newly established table manners, and the dressing up culture in a 'toilette' in eighteenth century France. Distinct from other educational scenes in previous genre paintings, Chardin accentuated the naive and innocent characteristics of a child and exemplified the mother's warmth toward that child in her tender facial expressions and gesturing. These kinds of expressions illustrate the newly structured standard of education in the French Enlightenment period. Whereas medieval people viewed children as immature and useless, people in the eighteenth century began to recognize children for their more positive features. They compared children to a blank piece of paper (tabula rasa), which signified children's innocence, and suggested that children possess neither good nor bad virtues. This positive perspective on children slowly transformed the pedagogical methods. Teaching manuals instructed governesses and mothers to respect each child's personality rather than be strict and harsh to them. Children were also allotted more playtimes, which explains the display of various toys in the backgrounds of Chardin's series of four paintings. Concurrently, the interior, where this exemplary education was executed, alludes to the virtue of the bourgeois's moderate and thrifty daily life in eighteenth century France. While other contemporary painters preferred to depict the extravagant living space of a French bourgeoisie, Chardin portrayed a rather modest and cozy home interior. In contrast to the highly decorated living space of aristocrats, he presented the realistic, humble domestic space of a bourgeois, filled with modern household objects. In addition, the mother is exceptionally clad in working clothes instead of fashionable dresses of the moment. Fit to take care of household affairs and children, the mother represents the ideal virtues of a bourgeois family. It can be concluded that the four genre paintings of child education by Chardin articulate the new standards of juvenile education in eighteenth century France as well as the highly recognized social virtues between French bourgeois families. Thus, Chardin's series of child education would have functioned as a demonstration of the ideal living standards of the bourgeois class and their emphasis on early childhood education in the French Enlightenment period.

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A Inquiry of the Perception of Death in School Age (학령기 아동의 죽음인식에 관한 탐색적 연구)

  • Joun, Young-Ran
    • Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.13-28
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: This paper aims to examine the subjective structures and types of school age children's perception of death through an investigative study on their perception of death in order to provide a basic material for them to understand death, and develop and carry out an effective death education program. Methods: The study method used the Q Methodology which can investigate the subjective structures and types of school age children's perception of death. For Q-population, 20 school age children were used as subjects for neutral interviews and open surveys, and through documentary research, a total of 132 statements were collected, For Q-samples, 23 statements (Q-samples) were derived through a non-structural method. P-samples were 31 school age children (8-13 year olds), Q-sorting was carried out using Q-cards, and the collected data was analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Results: As a result of the study, children's perception of death was divided into five types. The first type was functional type, characterized by prominent subjective perception regarding the elements of death, such as non-reversibility, universality, non-functionality, and causality. The second was after-life type, characterized by a strong, focus on life after death in one's perception of death, and it included children with Christian background and those who had experienced death in their immediate family. The third was religious type, characterized by a strong belief in being able to still watch over one's family and friends after one's death, resulting in a positive faith in the after-life. The fourth was fearful type, characterized by a deeper fear of death in comparison to other types. The fifth was realistic type, characterized by a strong and positive assent to the perception of good death. Conclusion: The significance of the results of this paper's study to Nursing is as follows. In terms of understanding the subjectivity of school age children's perception of death in nursing practice, and understanding the compositional elements of death presented with strong emphasis in existing literature and studies, the results will expand these understandings and allow us to understand the level of perception in school age children regarding the definition of death, after-life, and good death, be utilized as useful material in developing an effective death education program for them according to their type characteristics, and become the fertilizer for enabling the children to live a proper life and preventing the tendency to make light of death that occur in adolescence and the spread of suicides. In terms of nursing theory, the description and examination of the subjective structures and the characteristics of the different, types of school age children's perception of death can be utilized as useful material for building a model of school age children's perception of death, and be further used for teaching respect for life. In terms of nursing research, the results can contribute to research describing the effects of nursing intervention strategies and developing tools for providing psychosocial nursing in terms of giving school age children a positive perception of death according to their types as well respect for life.

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Focus Group Interview for the Development of an In-service Educational Program on the Practical Problem Focused Home Economics Curriculum (포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통한 실천적 문제 중심 가정과 교육과정 연수 프로그램에 대한 요구 분석)

  • Lee, Soo-Hee;Yoo, Tae-Myung
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.107-129
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to get insights and data from home economics teachers for the development of an in-service educational program on practical problem focused home economics program, which was planned to be held from January 21st and to 29th, 2008. For this, focus group interview, one of qualitative research methods, was used. One session of pilot and three sessions of main focus group interview in which total of 18 from October 31st, 2007 to November 14, 2007. Home economics teachers that participated were carried out. Participants requested the followings contents of an in-service educational program regarding the practical problem focused home economics curriculum. First, most of participants strongly desired to participate in an in-service educational program when a program provided. The participants wanted to be a professional, who is able to explain logically with philosophical background and knowledge about the practical problem focused home economics curriculum. Second, participants requested the followings regarding practical problem focused home economics curriculum for the contents of an in-service educational program: philosophy of home economics, setting a perspective on each content areas, development of practical problem, watching a sample class unit, developing teaching materials and motivation stimulating questions, designing of instruction and lesson plans, class presentation and peer evaluation, constructing paper and pencil test items, and feedback from expects on the practical problem focused home economics curriculum. Third, participants wanted an in-service educational program to be a combination of theory and practice, and at least 50% of it allotted to practice. Participants thought that both peer participants and experts from university would evaluate them whether they achieved the objectives of the in-service educational program if an in-service program has to evaluate participants. Participants would evaluate an in-service educational program excellent when they become empowered to teach other home economics teachers the theoretical aspects of the practical problem focused home economics curriculum and the practical aspects as well. Based on the results of this study a framework of the 30 hours practical problem focused home economics curriculum was proposed.

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Middle Schooler's Perception of the Unit "Housing Education" of the 9th Grade Technology and Home Economics (주생활 영역 학습에 대한 중학생의 인식)

  • Choi, Hyun-Suk;Jang, Sang-Ock
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of middle schooler's lesson of 9th grade "Housing Education" Questionnaire survey was conducted with 394 middle school students in Gyeongnam in 2006 and the dada analyzed by the descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS 14. program. The result of this study were as follows. The unit 'Use of dwelling space' was perceived useful in real life, interesting in explanation & visual materials of the text, taught easily to understand the students and ranked highest in class satisfaction compared with the rest two units. The unit 'Indoor environment & equipment' was least interesting, most difficult and ranked lowest in class satisfaction. The unit 'House management & repair' was relatively interesting and easy, but not useful in real life, not much interesting in explanation & visual materials in text, taught difficult by teachers. The class satisfaction ranked second of the units. Female students perceived that the unit 'Use of dwelling space' was easy, but male students perceived that all the units were interesting in the explanation & visual materials in textbook, various teaching-learning methods, interesting experiment & practice, and was satisfied with the unit 'House management & repair'. As their academic achievement of "Technology & Home Economics" was lower, they perceived that the education contents and various experiment & practice were more difficult. The class satisfaction of middle schoolers about the unit "Housing Education" were affected by how easily the teacher taught the subject, making it more understandable, the level of difficulty of the contents and the level of interest of explanation & visual materials of text.

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A hybrid algorithm for the synthesis of computer-generated holograms

  • Nguyen The Anh;An Jun Won;Choe Jae Gwang;Kim Nam
    • Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.60-61
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    • 2003
  • A new approach to reduce the computation time of genetic algorithm (GA) for making binary phase holograms is described. Synthesized holograms having diffraction efficiency of 75.8% and uniformity of 5.8% are proven in computer simulation and experimentally demonstrated. Recently, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) having high diffraction efficiency and flexibility of design have been widely developed in many applications such as optical information processing, optical computing, optical interconnection, etc. Among proposed optimization methods, GA has become popular due to its capability of reaching nearly global. However, there exits a drawback to consider when we use the genetic algorithm. It is the large amount of computation time to construct desired holograms. One of the major reasons that the GA' s operation may be time intensive results from the expense of computing the cost function that must Fourier transform the parameters encoded on the hologram into the fitness value. In trying to remedy this drawback, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been put forward, allowing CGHs to be created easily and quickly (1), but the quality of reconstructed images is not high enough to use in applications of high preciseness. For that, we are in attempt to find a new approach of combiningthe good properties and performance of both the GA and ANN to make CGHs of high diffraction efficiency in a short time. The optimization of CGH using the genetic algorithm is merely a process of iteration, including selection, crossover, and mutation operators [2]. It is worth noting that the evaluation of the cost function with the aim of selecting better holograms plays an important role in the implementation of the GA. However, this evaluation process wastes much time for Fourier transforming the encoded parameters on the hologram into the value to be solved. Depending on the speed of computer, this process can even last up to ten minutes. It will be more effective if instead of merely generating random holograms in the initial process, a set of approximately desired holograms is employed. By doing so, the initial population will contain less trial holograms equivalent to the reduction of the computation time of GA's. Accordingly, a hybrid algorithm that utilizes a trained neural network to initiate the GA's procedure is proposed. Consequently, the initial population contains less random holograms and is compensated by approximately desired holograms. Figure 1 is the flowchart of the hybrid algorithm in comparison with the classical GA. The procedure of synthesizing a hologram on computer is divided into two steps. First the simulation of holograms based on ANN method [1] to acquire approximately desired holograms is carried. With a teaching data set of 9 characters obtained from the classical GA, the number of layer is 3, the number of hidden node is 100, learning rate is 0.3, and momentum is 0.5, the artificial neural network trained enables us to attain the approximately desired holograms, which are fairly good agreement with what we suggested in the theory. The second step, effect of several parameters on the operation of the hybrid algorithm is investigated. In principle, the operation of the hybrid algorithm and GA are the same except the modification of the initial step. Hence, the verified results in Ref [2] of the parameters such as the probability of crossover and mutation, the tournament size, and the crossover block size are remained unchanged, beside of the reduced population size. The reconstructed image of 76.4% diffraction efficiency and 5.4% uniformity is achieved when the population size is 30, the iteration number is 2000, the probability of crossover is 0.75, and the probability of mutation is 0.001. A comparison between the hybrid algorithm and GA in term of diffraction efficiency and computation time is also evaluated as shown in Fig. 2. With a 66.7% reduction in computation time and a 2% increase in diffraction efficiency compared to the GA method, the hybrid algorithm demonstrates its efficient performance. In the optical experiment, the phase holograms were displayed on a programmable phase modulator (model XGA). Figures 3 are pictures of diffracted patterns of the letter "0" from the holograms generated using the hybrid algorithm. Diffraction efficiency of 75.8% and uniformity of 5.8% are measured. We see that the simulation and experiment results are fairly good agreement with each other. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network have been successfully combined in designing CGHs. This method gives a significant reduction in computation time compared to the GA method while still allowing holograms of high diffraction efficiency and uniformity to be achieved. This work was supported by No.mOl-2001-000-00324-0 (2002)) from the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.

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Analysis of Polar Region-Related Topics in Domestic and Foreign Textbooks (국내외 교과서에 수록된 극지 관련 내용 분석)

  • Chung, Sueim;Choi, Haneul;Choi, Youngjin;Kang, Hyeonji;Jeon, Jooyoung;Shin, Donghee
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.201-220
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    • 2021
  • The objective of this study is to increase awareness and interest regarding polar science and thereby aid in establishing the concept and future direction of polar literacy. To analyze the current status, textbooks based on the common school curriculum pertaining to polar topics were reviewed. Six countries that actively conduct polar science, namely Korea, France, Japan, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom, were chosen. Subsequently, 402 cases in 110 science and social studies (geography) textbooks of these countries were analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the obtained results, the importance of polar research in geoscience education and the need for spreading awareness regarding polar research as an indicator of global environmental changes were examined. It was found that the primary polar topics described in the textbooks are polar glaciers, polar volcanism, solid geophysics, polar infrastructure, and preservation of geological resources and heritage. This demonstrates that the polar region is a field of research with important clues to Earth's past, present, and future environments and is also a good teaching subject for geological education. However, an educational approach is needed for systematically laying emphasis on polar research. The implications of this study are manifold, such as the establishment of a cooperative system between polar scientists and educators, extraction of core concepts for polar literacy and content reconstruction, discovery of new polar topics associated with the curriculum, diversification of forms of presentation in textbooks, and development of an affective image that is based on correct cognitive understanding. Furthermore, through the continuance of polar topics in textbooks, students can improve their awareness regarding polar literacy and polar science culture, which in turn will serve as the driving force for sustainable polar research in the future.

Exploring the Possibilities of Character Education in Various Interaction-based Mentor Program: Focusing on "Becoming a Science Teacher" Activity (다양한 상호작용 기반의 멘토멘티 프로그램에서 나타난 인성 교육 가능성 탐색 -"과학 선생님 되어보기" 활동을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Sunhee;Shin, Donghee
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.13-33
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to clarify the possibility of the character education and the concrete implementation process in the field of science education in accordance with the social demand for character education. Based on this purpose, the researchers tried to understand the specific character elements appearing in various science learning situations and to understand the qualities of each specific character elements that can be emphasized through science learning and the aspect of expression process in related learning situations. The researchers selected 11 students from the 7th and 8th graders in Seoul and developed and applied the 'Become a Science Teacher' mentor program in 2014 and 2015. Data collection was conducted through class recordings, mentor teachers' and assistant teacher's journal, artifacts, student journals, student portfolios, class listeners' essays for science class and analyzed qualitative data collected through constant comparison method. According to the result, we extracted 11 character elements and reorganized them into 16 specific character elements revealed in various learning situations based on the relationship between each character elements. The results of the study are eight specific character elements that can be emphasized through science learning and related learning situations. The eight specific character elements are 'responsibility for teaching behavior due to hierarchy of scientific knowledge structure, communication for forming scientific concept, empathic concern based on science learning experience, cooperation for promoting rationality of inquiry method, positive perception of scientific endeavor, respect for scientists' attitudes toward research, confidence in future scientific research, persistence in trial and error'. Based on the results of this study, we proposed the research methods of character in the field of science education in the future.

A Study on the Method of Educational Ministry for the Religious Life of the Christian Elders during the Corona Period (코로나 시대 기독 노인의 신앙생활을 위한 교육목회 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Jung Hee;Park, Eunhye
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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    • v.66
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    • pp.243-272
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    • 2021
  • Corona 19 brought about a major shift in the Korean church's pastoral style. Contact and non-contact ministry styles using the Internet and media devices are being held together. The elderly, who have been classified as digital vulnerable, need to see whether they are properly adapting to these changes and they have any difficulties in their religious lives. This study is to organize the current status of Corona 19 related to Korean churches, look at the current state of church programs for Christian elderly people, look at how important the religious life is to their lives, and to suggest educational pastoral methods for their religious lives based on the theory of Maria Harris' educational ministry. First, in terms of Koinonia, it was suggested that the heritage, beliefs, values and ways of life held by the Christian elderly be shared with people inside and outside the church in order to entertain and embrace everyone without alienation. Second, from the perspective of Leiturgia, educational ministry was proposed to expand prayer life from a personal area to a public area to become a life of practicing prayer and justice by providing public prayer content with media that can be used by the elderly to perform spirituality. Third, it was suggested that in terms of Didache, it should be required that the elderly should be educated to be familiar with the changing technologies, that teaching environment should be extended from church to online, and that the educational content of tradition and new forms should be dealt with extensively. Fourth, from the perspective of Kerigma, Christian elderly people who have suffered in various life environments, both personally and socially, should listen to the words again and gain the power to overcome the corona crisis through the God's words, so that they can be melted into the curriculum of koinonia, leiturgia, didache, and diakonia. Fifth, it was suggested that senior citizens should switch their consciousness to become subjects of service, not objects of service, and that digital literacy education should be provided individually at eye level to narrow the digital gap for Diakonia curriculum.