• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1999

The issue of health and nutritional wellbeing becomes one of the utmost concerns for the welfare of the elderly in a society of increased aging populations. This study was conducted to assess nutritional state and to identify possible dietary factors that might influence health and nutritional state of the free living elderly women. Two hundred sixty two elderly women, aged 60-90 who are actively participating in a continuing education program for the elderly in Seoul area, were interviewed using a dietary habit questionnaire and a 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measurements such as heights, weights, body mass index, and tricep skinfolds and dental status were significantly different between the two age groups, <75 and ${\geq}$ 75 years of age. Sixty eight percent of the subjects were using nutritional supplements regularly, in the descending order of vitamin-mineral supplements(40%), botanicals(27.6%), tonic drinks(16%), and health foods(13.2%). For hot beverages, our study subjects drank coffee (33.6%) and green tea (17.9%) frequently, followed by doongulae, job's tears, citron and kyulmyung tea. With regard to micronutrients, vitamin C intake was found to be lower in the group aged over 75 compared to that below 75 (p<0.05). Calcium intake was significantly higher among the elderly with good dental status followed by the groups with gingivitis, denture, and missed teeth with poor chewing abilities (p<0.05). The amount of personal spending money was found to be a significant contributing factor (p<0.05) to the energy and nutrient intake in an individual. The results of the present study can be applied to the identification of the possible factors that might intervene the aging process, to the planning of the nutrition education program, and to the development of health food products for the promotion of health and nutrition of the elderly women.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

Bacillus subtilis BD0310 isolated from tea leaves was used for the development of a biofungicide against Pestitalotiopsis longiseta causing gray blight of tea plants. After mass culture of the antagonistic bacteria, the biofungicide formulated as a suspension concentrate was evaluated for its control efficacy against the gray blight of tea plant in a greenhouse and a tea plantation, respectively. Spray of the biofungicide 2 days before inoculation of P. longiseta inhibited more efficiently the development of gray blight compared with spray of the biofungicide 2 days after inoculation of the pathogen onto the leaves of tea plants in a greenhouse. In the field investigation under application of the biofungicide in 2005 and 2006, control efficiencies increased according to the number of spray of the biofungicide. Control efficiencies of the biofungicide were 52.4%, 66.7%, 71.4% and 85.7% against gray blight in 4 times spray of the biofungicide alone at 7 days interval, 6 times spray of the biofungicide alone at 7 days interval, 2 times alternate spray of biofungicide and chemical fungicide at 7 days interval and 4 times spray of chemical fungicide alone at 7 days interval, respectively. Therefore, the alternate application of the biofungicide and chemical fungicide at 7 days interval can increase the control efficiency with reduction of the amount of chemical fungicides and the number of spray for the control of gray blight of tea plants in the field.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.372-383
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efforts of Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture on Fall Prevention Activities in Mental Hospital Nurses. This study is a descriptive research study of 153 nurses working in Busan and Gyeongnam mental health hospitals, the data were collected from April 4 to December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/win 24.0 program, which included t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. As a result, The attitude toward falls differed depending on subject's license or qualifications, the higher the education level. The higher the level of perceptions of patient safety culture, and the higher the work experience, the more prevention activities toward falls. The higher the perception of patient safety culture, the higher the attitude toward falls. The higher the prevention activities toward falls, the higher the attitude of falls and the perceptions of safety culture. As a result of multiple regression analysis of factors affecting Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture on Fall Prevention Activities were 12.5%. Therefore, in order to promote fall prevention activities of mental hospital nurses, the knowledge needs to be expanded through continuous education. Education programs should be developed and provided to change attitudes toward falls. and At the hospital organization level, a wide range of support is required, including changes in the overall human and institutional environment for safety.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 1997

As a study on a traditional garden with historical value, the objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the internal meanings of the garden in a designer's personal perspective. Tasanchodangwon was designed Chung Yakyong who is a scholar of Practical Learning in late Chosun Dynasty. Considering the features of him and basic approach of this study, the internal eanings of the Tasanchodangwon was approached with the focus on the view of nature of him, and through general review of physical components of the garden. Additionally the meanings of the garden were also reviewed in his personal situation. The result of the study may be summarized as followings. First, according to the view of nature of Chung Yakyong, his intention to enrich life practically by building separate structures for education for his residence, creating lake by having water supply, and creating vegetable garden relates with the view of nature in Primary confucianistic perspective. In addition, the place served as a ground to support Chung Yakyong's attitude to become a man of virtue, Second, his preference to enjoyu tea culture allowed an opportunity for him to accept circumstance positively and discover the self. Components related to farming reflects his Practical Learning. The man-made rock mountain in the pond is a specific technique for Yi-Jing. And third, literatures authored by Chung Yakyong show that internal meaning of Tasanchodangwon is to pursue an utopia. This is closely related to solving his conflicts felt in reality. In short, Tasanchodangwon is a form reflecting the spiritual world of Chung Yakyong, and through interaction with his life, served as a ground to culture his mind.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.489-500
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• 2018

Since the late 19 century, the Choseon dynasty forcibly opened the door to western countries, including Japan. In addition, cultural propagation called 'modernity' caused subtle changes in dietary life. Based on the theory of colonial dual society, this study examined the dietary modernity in Kyungsung (mid 1930s~early 1940s) when 50 years had passed since the Open-Door policy. Three films, (1934), (1936) and (1941) (those made in 1930s~1940s) were analyzed. Twenty six scenes [14 scenes from , five scenes from , and seven scenes from ] related to the dietary life from films were chosen and classified according three criteria (degree of modernization, main influential countries, and benefit groups from modernization). The degree of modernization of all films was more than 80%. The average proportion of the countries that affected modernization were western (35%), western-Japan (28%) and Japan (20%). Approximately 33, 53 and 14% of the upper, middle, lower classes, respectively, benefited from diet modernization. The main places where modernized dietary culture could be enjoyed were cafes, western restaurants, tea rooms, and hotels. The main food or beverages that were considered as modernized dietary culture were liquor (especially beer), coffee, and western meals. People in Kyungsung in the mid 1930s~early 1940s experienced modernity in dietary life differently according to the social classes and these culture changes were generally accepted as a symbol of modernity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the factors that affect start-up activities at the national level. Unlike most existing research about entrepreneurship at the individual level, this empirical analysis makes use of the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity(TEA) index at national level. This was developed by the Global Entrepreneur Monitor (GEM) as the measure for the degree of entrepreneurship of the countries. Based on the previous studies, not only national income level and unemployment rate, but also other factors including the cultural characteristics of the countries were included in our regression model. Using GEM's panel data, we found that the effectiveness of the factors depends on the stage of economic development. In particular, we found 'U-shape' relationship between the level of per capita income and entrepreneurship activity by the panel regression analysis using quadratic function. This analysis result can explicitly confirm what the existing literature have explained descriptively. Furthermore, the governmental support programs are shown to have significantly positive effects on the entrepreneurship or start-up activities in the factor-driven and efficiency-driven economies. On the contrary, those programs were not very helpful in the innovative economies. Lastly, this research suggests that the 'education and training' and the 'entrepreneurial culture' be the supportive norm for new business regardless of the economic development level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate bone density and food behavior of middle-aged (<65-years-of-age) and oldaged women (${\geq}$65-years-of-age) in the Seoul area of Korea. Average height and weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist-hip ration (WHR) of the middle-aged participants were 158.0 cm, 58.4 kg, 23.3, 29.7%, and 0.88. Corresponding measurements for old-aged participants were 152.6 cm, 56.3 kg, 24.1, 33.1%, and 0.93. T- and Z-scores for middle-aged women were -1.20 and -0.21, and those of old-aged women were -2.02 and -0.49. Osteopenia and osteoporosis percentage of middle- and old-aged women were 41.2% and 14.7%, and 45.2% and 37.1%, respectively. Significant differences were evident concerning between-meal, overeating, exercise, and nutritional supplementation among the two groups. Middle-aged women displayed a positive relationships between bone density and the parameters of height (p<0.05), weight (p<0.05), exercise (p<0.05), consumption of soybean and soybean-processed food (p<0.05), and negative relationships between bone density and the parameters of WHR (p<0.001), consumption of meat and meatprocessed food (p<0.05), and tea drinking (p<0.05). In old-aged women group, positive relationships were evident for bone density and the parameters of height (p<0.05), weight (p<0.05), exercise (p<0.05), nutritional supplementation (p<0.05), and consumption of soybean and soybean-processed food (p<0.05). The results reveal a link between healthy bones and desirable food behavior, indicating the importance of a practical and systematically organized food behavior education program for middle- and old-aged Korean women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-143
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of lifestyle and dietary habits of the colorectal cancer patients in Daegu and Kyungpook areas and to collect the data useful for nutrition education for the prevention of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects of the study were 123 patients diagnosed recently as colorectal cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 182 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases, including the patients from the department of orthopedic surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey covering general characteristics, life style, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and food intake frequency was administered by individual interviews using questionnaires. The results of the study suggest that high BMI, daily life stress, pessimistic personality, lack of physical activities, and familial cancer history might be the possible risk factors for the incidence of colorectal cancer. Dietary factors suspected as risk factors for colorectal cancer in the present study included strong preferences to meats, salty and fatty taste foods, low intake of water, alcohol drinking, smoking, coffee intake and irregular eating habits. A high consumption of seaweeds, green-yellow vegetables, light-colored vegetables, and green tea was suggested as a preventive factor for colorectal cancer. It is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic surveys in the near future to reconfirm the risk factors of colorectal cancer in consideration of the characteristic food culture in this community. The results of the present study may be applied to nutritional education for the prevention of colorectal cancer for the local residents. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 125～143, 2005)

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.261-273
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to prepare the basic data of the teeth color by measuring tooth mode using the color of the maxillary central incisor of the college students in their twenties as the dental colorimeter, and oral health and eating habit characteristics were examined. Methods : The maxillary central incisor(1 teeth) of the subjects of study as 467 students(male 89, female 378) was measured during the period from November 14, December 2 2011, so the color of total 467 teeth were examined, and oral health and eating habit characteristics were researched. Results : 1. As the results of measurement of the shade, value, hue of maxillary central incisor by the general characteristics of the subject, the major(shipbuilding information, special rehabilitation for young children) was higher at 3.3 of the shade, and the grade(1), age($$\geq_-20$$), major(beauty culture & cosmetic, occupational therapy) showed higher at +2 of the value, and the grade(1) and all major showed higher at R3 of the hue. 2. As the results of measurement of the shade, value, hue of maxillary central incisor by the oral health characteristics, the subjective teeth color(yellow) and the education of oral health(no) showed higher at 2.5 of the shade. 3. As the results of measurement of the shade, value, hue of maxillary central incisor by the eating habit characteristics of the subjects, the chocolate showed higher at 3.0 and 2.0 of the shade, and the red pepper paste showed higher at +2 and STD of the value, and the green tea showed higher at $R_3$ of the hue. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that the color of the maxillary central incisor showed differences various tendency according to the oral health and eating habit characteristics.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.505-530
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of learning methods for education to transmit the items designated as intangible cultural heritages focusing on Seoul-gut. Recently, as the Act on the Preservation and Promotion of Intangible Cultural Heritages was promulgated, 'the archetype' instead of 'the prototype' has become highlighted as a crucial axis for transmission. Although there are some controversies over the definition of the archetype among scholars, it is now possible for transmitters to make use of transformations rather freely being freed from strict orientation to the prototype to follow some fixed frame. Examining learning methods used in education to transmit mudang-gut, one of the items designated as intangible cultural heritages, however, this author has found that the prototype is still emphasized or in the center of learning instead. Presenting learning methods employed for Hwanghaedopyeongsansonoreum-gut of a national intangible cultural heritage, Namijanggunsadang-gut of Seoul Special City's intangible cultural heritage, and Bonghwasandodang-gut as examples, this researcher intends to reveal the reality. In the recent situation that education centering around academies is being widely spread to transmit mudang-gut, setting forth the designation of some of the items as intangible cultural heritages, they are publishing articles on newspaper as an advertisement to encourage learning about mudang-gut. Responding to the advertisement, there are more and more shamans intending to learn mudang-gut coming to the society for preserving items designated as intangible cultural heritages. They can, of course, perform mudang-gut on their own but come to learn it as there is no fixed or definite system for it. Even though the concept of the archetype was introduced, as now it is possible to learn the fixed frame through learning about the prototype regarding the item of mudang-gut as an intangible cultural heritage, those involved in shamanism are coming to it more and more. As transmitting the prototype rather deteriorated the liveliness of gut, those involved in shamanism are coming to it to learn about gut thinking that it is where they can learn the basic frame and also acquire more detailed knowledge about shamanism. Therefore, it is needed for the item of mudang-gut designated as an intangible cultural heritage to accept the aspects of change and develop new methods of education to transmit intangible cultural heritages.