• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2024

Purpose: This study compares the deformation of traditional resin dentures to resin dentures printed with digital light processing (DLP). Methods: Eleven edentulous research models were developed. Ten of them were made with traditional resin dentures. The remaining one was prepared for scanning and 3D (three-dimensional) printing. Ten traditional resin dentures were made, with the remaining artificial teeth created using 3D software and a DLP printer. Traditional resin dentures, 3D printed resin denture artificial teeth, and a denture base with artificial teeth were all cleaned simultaneously in an ultrasonic cleaner for 3 minutes. Three groups were assigned four artificial tooth measurement points, which were then measured with digital calipers. The measured data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The significance test was conducted using a nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis test due to the small number of specimens (α=0.05). Results: The traditional resin dentures had the lowest strain rate at -0.04%, while the group that manufactured only artificial teeth had the highest strain rate at -0.09%. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the 3 groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: During ultraviolet-type ultrasonic cleaning, traditional resin dentures (TD group) and denture base with artificial teeth made of DLP (DD group) demonstrated stable durability, whereas the artificial teeth made of DLP (AD group) with only artificial teeth did not show a good deformation rate.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2015

본 연구는 식용 버섯의 조리방법에 따른 항산화 생리활성의 평가를 위해 수행되었으며, 산화적 스트레스에 의한 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 통해 조리방법을 달리한 버섯 추출물의 유전독성학적 방호효과를 살펴보았다. Human lymphocyte에 조리방법을 달리한 3가지 버섯(느타리, 팽이, 표고)의 추출물을 처리하고, hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)로 산화적 손상을 준 후, DNA 감소 효과를 Comet assay로 평가한 결과, 모든 시료군에서 산화적 손상에 의한 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 나타냈다. 3가지 버섯 모두 비조리군이 조리군보다 높은 효과를 나타냈는데, 이는 조리과정에 의한 페놀성 화합물의 감소로 인한 것으로 보이며, 조리군 중에서 볶기와 전이 비교적 낮은 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 나타낸 것은 조리 시 첨가되었던 대두유의 가열 산화에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로, 조리된 버섯은 생버섯에 비해 산화적 스트레스에 의한 DNA 손상 감소효과가 낮으나, 양성 대조군과 비교하였을 때 손상을 유의적으로 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 사용한 네 가지 조리법(굽기, 데치기, 볶기, 전) 중 DNA 손상 감소에 효과적인 조리법은 대두유를 사용하지 않은 굽기와 데치기인 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1233-1242
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• 2011

The in vivo digestibility of mulberry leaves (Morus alba) and the effects of the partial replacement of cotton seed with fresh mulberry leaf in rations on the performance of growing Vietnamese cattle was investigated. For the in vivo digestibility trial, twenty castrated rams of Phanrang breed (a local prolific breed) with an initial weight of 23-25 kg, were first assigned to four groups according to weight and then randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments to determine digestibility of nutrients in mulberry leaves (M. alba), natural Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and buffalo grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58). All forages were cut and chopped daily before being offered (at 120% maintenance) to the sheep. In the feeding trial, 20 Laisind (Vietnam yellow cows${\times}$Red Sindhy bulls) crossbred bulls averaged 18 month old and 184 kg were used to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cottonseed in the diet by mulberry leaves on live weight gain and feed conversion rate. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four levels of fresh mulberry leaves which varied from 0 to 15% of total dietary dry mater and five animals per treatment over an 84 day period. The in vivo digestion trial showed the superior quality of mulberry leaves compared with the grasses. Chemical analysis indicated that mulberry leaves had the highest CP and the lowest NDF contents (22.3 and 31.1% DM, respectively) among the four forages tested. Digestibility of DM and OM of the mulberry leaf (66.4 and 71.8%, respectively) was also the highest but that of CP (58.2%) and NDF (58.4%) was the lowest of the four forages evaluated (p<0.05). Consequently, the ME value and therefore net energy (NE) and unit feed for lactation (UFL) values of the mulberry leaves, which was estimated from chemical composition and digestibility values, were the highest among the forages investigated in the present study. Results of the feeding trial showed no treatment effect on average daily gain (ADG) of the cattle. The values were 554, 583, 565 and 568 g/d for animals in the diets of 0, 5, 10, and 15% mulberry leaves inclusion, respectively. Total DM intake of the animal was not affected by the treatment when expressed as kg/animal/d. However, when adjusted for metabolic weight of the animal the DM intake was reduced (p<0.05) as whole cottonseed was replaced by mulberry leaves in the ration. When the level of mulberry leaves in the ration increased from 5 to 15% of dietary DM at the expense of whole cottonseed, CP and ME intakes of the cattle were significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the feed to gain ratio reduced by 8 to 14% as compared with the control diet (p<0.05). Mulberry leaf is a good feed ingredient for ruminants because of its high level of crude protein and high digestibility of nutrients and energy. Mulberry leaves can be efficiently used as a source of protein supplement to replace cottonseed, a more expensive animal feeds ingredient, in the diet for Vietnamese cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2001

For determining the relative genetic effects of Duroc (D) and Taoyuan (T) breeds on the economic traits of their hybrids, 72 litters of pigs, from four mating types, namely TT (T♂$\times$T♀), DD (D♂$\times$D♀) and D-T hybrids (TD, T♂$\times$D♀ and DT, D♂$\times$T♀) were used in this study. The various crossbreeding parameters were estimated by comparisons among mating types using linear contrasts of least-square analysis. The results of reproductive traits analysis showed that T breed had contributed superior genetic effects on the total number of piglets at birth (TBN) (p<0.10) and number of live piglets at 21 days (LP21) (p<0.05) to the D-T hybrids. Estimates of maternal genetic effects showed that the T females were superior in TBN (p<0.05), but inferior in average birth weight (ABW) and average litter birth weight (LBW) (p<0.01) to the D females. Direct heterosis effects were significant for LBW, LP21 and LWT21 (p<0.01). Least-squares analysis of other economic traits showed that T breed had relative negative effects on all growth traits, withers height (WH), body type index (BTI), average backfat thickness (ABF), carcass length (LENG), loin eye area (longissimus) (LEARA), and lean percentage (LEAN) of D-T hybrids (p<0.05). Estimates of direct genetic effects showed that the D breed was superior to the T breed in all growth and carcass traits except the average backfat (BF). Estimates of maternal genetic effects showed that average body weight at 180 days (WT180) of progenies from T sows were lighter than from D sows. Progenies from D females had larger and leaner carcass than those from T females. Direct heterosis effects were significant for average daily weight gains from 150 to 180 days ($ADG_{150-180}$) (p<0.05) and for average body weights at 150 (WT150), and 180 days (WT180), average daily weight gains from birth to 150 and 180 days ($ADG_{150}$ and $ADG_{180}$, respectively), WH, body length (BL), ABF, BTI, and LENG (p<0.01). The results showed that D-T hybrids tended to have superior TBN and LP21 than D breed, and to be superior in all growth and most conformation and carcass traits to the T breed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4777-4781
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the efficacy and safety of different doses of thalidomide (Thal) plus dexamethasone (Dex) as the initial therapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: Clinical data of 28 elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM who underwent the TD regimen as the initial therapy were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the maximal sustained dose of Thal: lower dose (group A) and higher dose (group B). The overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AES) were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 28 patients were followed up with a median of 18 months. The ORR was 60.1%. The median response time and PFS were 2.0 and 17.0 months, respectively. The mean sustained dose of Thal in group B was significantly higher than group A (292.9 mg v 180.4 mg, P=0.01). There was no significantly difference in ORR (57.1% v 64.3%, P=1.00) and PFS (9.63months v 17.66 months, P=0.73) between groups A and B. During the follow up, only five patients died (<40%) and, therefore, median OS values were not available. It is estimated, however, that the mean survival time in the two groups was 35.6 and 33.4 months (P>0.05), respectively. All of the patients tolerated the treatment well. The incidence of AES in patients with a grading above 3 in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P=0.033). Conclusions: The TD regimen results in a high response rate and manageable AES as the initial therapy in elderly patients with MM. TD should be considered as the front line regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with MM in areas with financial constraints. The clinical response can be achieved at a low dose Thal with minimal toxicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.896-900
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• 2007

목 적 : 정량적인 분석으로 양성 로란딕 간질환자의 간질파 발생위치에 따른 음성 언어적 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 항경련제를 사용한 적이 없고, 임상 증상과 검사 소견으로 양성 로란딕 간질 증후군에 합당한 초진 환자 23명을 대상으로 음성 언어 분석을 하였다. 음성언어평가는 Computerized Speech Lab을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 간질파 위치가 좌뇌인 환자군에서 치환에 의한 조음 오류가 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 환자군의 VOT는 정상아동($46.7{\pm}10.2ms$)과 비교해 훨씬 길게 나타났으며 특히 간질파 발생위치가 좌뇌인 환자군에서($74.3{\pm}36.6ms$) 더욱 길게 나타났다. 억양형태를 비교분석한 결과, 간질파 발생위치가 우뇌인 환자군에서 간질파 발생위치가 좌뇌인 환자군 보다 억양변화가 적어 운율 변동 폭이 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 숫자세기의 자발화 길이측정에서 간질파 발생위치가 좌뇌인 환자군이 간질파 발생위치가 우뇌인 환자군 보다 길게 측정되었다. 결 론 : 양성 경과를 보이는 양성 로란딕 간질 환자에서도 조음오류 및 유창성 등 음성 언어적 문제점을 정량적으로 확인하였다. 따라서 양성 로란딕 간질환자의 진단과 치료 과정 중 언어음성학적인 평가를 포함시킬 것을 추천하고자 한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2009

The apoptotic effect of bacteria-derived $\beta$-glucan was investigated in human colon cancer cells SNU-C4 using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 genes, and assay of caspase-3 enzyme activity. $\beta$-Glucan of 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g$/mL decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with typical apoptotic characteristics, such as morphological changes of chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation from TUNEL assay. In addition, $\beta$-glucan ($100{\mu}g$/mL) decreased the expression of Bc1-2 by 0.6 times, whereas the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 were increased by 3.1 and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to untreated control group. Furthermore, the caspase-3 activity in the $\beta$-glucan-treated group was significantly increased compared to those in control group (P < 0.05). Bacterial derived $\beta$-glucan could be used as an effective compound inducing apoptosis in human colon cancer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and validity of subgingival bacterial sampling using a retraction cord, and to evaluate how well this sampling method reflected changes in periodontal conditions after periodontal therapy. Methods: Based on clinical examinations, 87 subjects were divided into a healthy group (n=40) and a periodontitis group (n=47). Clinical measurements were obtained from all subjects including periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the plaque index. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a subgingival bacterial sample were sampled before and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The salivary and subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify the following 11 periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythus (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Pavimonas micra (Pm), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), and Eubacterium nodatum (En). Results: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant decreases in PD (P<0.01), CAL (P<0.01), and BOP (P<0.05) after 3 months. Four species (Pg, Tf, Pi, and Pm) were significantly more abundant in both types of samples in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group. After periodontal therapy, Cr was the only bacterium that showed a statistically significant decrease in saliva, whereas statistically significant decreases in Cr, Pg, and Pn were found in GCF. Conclusions: Salivary and subgingival bacterial sampling with a gingival retraction cord were found to be equivalent in terms of their accuracy for differentiating periodontitis, but GCF reflected changes in bacterial abundance after periodontal therapy more sensitively than saliva.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.57.3-58
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• 2021

We performed three-dimensional Monte Carlo dust scattering radiative transfer simulations for FUV light to obtain dust scattered FUV images and compared them with the observed FUV image obtained by FIMS/SPEAR and GALEX. From this, we find the scattering properties of interstellar dust in our Galaxy and suggest the intensity of extragalactic background light (EBL) at FUV wavelength. The best-fit values of the scattering properties of interstellar dust are albedo = 0.38^-0.04_+0.04, g-factor = 0.55^-0.15_+0.10, and EBL = 138^-23₊₂₁ CU for the allsky which are consistent well with the Milky Way dust model of Draine and direct measurements of Gardner et al., respectively. At the high Galactic latitude of |b|>10°, the observation is well fitted with the model of lower albedo = 0.35^-0.04_+0.06 and g-factor = 0.50^-0.20_+0.15. On the contrary, the scattering properties of interstellar dust show higher albedo = 0.43^-0.02_+0.02 and g-factor = 0.65^-0.15_+0.05 near the Galactic plane of |b|<10°. In the present simulation, recent three-dimensional distribution maps of interstellar dust in our Galaxy, stellar distances in the catalog of GAIA DR2, and FUV fluxes and/or spectral types in the TD-1 and Hipparcos star catalogs were used.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.395-406
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• 2002

도시지역에는 소위 약수라고 지칭되는 먹는 물 공동시설이 지정되어 있다. 먹는 물 공동시설은 도시외곽의 자연녹지나 공원의 등산로를 따라서 자연적으로 솟아나는 샘의 형태와 인위적으로 굴착하여 개발한 우물지하수로 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 대전지역 60개 지역 먹는 물 공동시설에 대한 1999년~2000년 동안의 수질자료를 보건환경연구원으로부터 협조 받아 통계분석과 수질오염의 원인을 해석하였다. 음용수 부적합 율은 1999년에 28%, 2000년에 24.5%를 각각 보였다. 부적합 요인은 대장균류가 대부분이고 일반세균, 여시니아균, 탁도, 색도, 철, 불소 둥의 초과가 확인되었다. 월별 강수량과 부적합 율과의 관계를 비교해 볼 때 강수량이 집중되는 6월~9월 사이에 부적합율이 현저하게 높다. 세균류에 의한 오염은 먹는 물 시설주변에 서식하는 야생동물들의 배설물이 주요 오염원으로 추정된다. 그리고 대부분의 먹는 물 공동시설은 물의 순환 주기가 짧은 천부지하수(자연샘)이므로 강수직후에 지표부의 세균류가 빠르게 물을 오염시키는 것으로 보인다. 먹는 물 공동시설중 31곳에서 물 시료를 채취하여 물리화학성분을 분석하였다. 그들의 전기전도도는 63~357 $\mu\textrm{S}$/cm 범위를 보이며, 평균 107 $\mu\textrm{S}$/cm으로 대전지역 일반지하수에 비해 훨씬 낮다. pH는 대부분이 7이하로 약산성의 특성을 보인다. 수리화학적 유형은 TDS가 낮은 물의 경우 Na(Ca)-HCO$_3$형이고 TDS가 높아질수록 Ca-HCO$_3$형인 특성을 보인다. 먹는 물 공동시설의 효율적 관리를 위해서는 시설 입구에 들짐승들의 접근을 막을 수 있는 방호벽을 설치하고 주변의 청결상태를 유지하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 강우가 집중되는 장마철에는 시설을 잠정적으로 폐쇄하는 것이 바람직 할 것이다.원 이하인 사람보다 200만원 이상인 사람이(P=0.001), 방송이나 친구를 통해서 지식을 얻은 사람보다 신문이나 책을 통해서 지식을 얻은 사람이(P=0.01), 과거 병력상 성병에 걸린 경험이 있는 사람보다 경험이 없는 사람이(P=0.002) 각각 지식이 높았다. 태도와 지식 관계에서는 후천성 면역 결핍증 환자는 다른 사람으로부터 격리시킬 필요가 있다는 사람보다 없다는 사람이(P=0.012), 후천성 면역 결핍증 환자가 직업을 가지면 안된다는 사람보다 된다는 사람이(P<0.001), 각각 지식이 높았다. 결론 : 지식이 높을수록 성병에 걸릴 가능성이 낮고, 태도에서도 긍정적인 결과를 보였다. 그러므로 그러므로 가능하면 중고교 시절에 이 질환에 대한 정규교육 프로그램을 만들어 학생들을 효과적으로 가르치는 것이 필요하다.와 활동성 정도(r=0.378, P<.05), 평균 통증정도와 활동성 정도가(r=.330, P<.05)가 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타난 반면, 여성에서는 활동성 정도와 통증의 중증도는 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 남성은 관계를 제외한 모든 항목의 통증으로 인한 지장정도와 활동성 정도가 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타난 반만 여성에서는 보행 능력, 통상적인 일, 인생을 즐김 항목과 활동성 정도간 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 암환자의 통증정도 및 지장정도는 여성이 남성보다 높았으며, 통증과 우울 및 활동도와의 상관관계에서 차이를 보였다. 앞으로 암성통증 관리 대책 수립시 여성과 남성의 이러한 차이를 고려하여야 한다.로 6시간 공배양시키는 것이 바람직하며, HEPES buffered NCSU-23 배양배지에서 배양하는 것이 좋다는 결과를 얻었다. and those a having sufficient sleep were found to be subject to less stress. Those interested in their health were