• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2022

Recently, with the development of deep learning technology, a variety of huge models with excellent performance have been devised by pre-training massive amounts of text data. However, in order for such a model to be applied to real-life services, the inference speed must be fast and the amount of computation must be low, so the technology for model compression is attracting attention. Knowledge distillation, a representative model compression, is attracting attention as it can be used in a variety of ways as a method of transferring the knowledge already learned by the teacher model to a relatively small-sized student model. However, knowledge distillation has a limitation in that it is difficult to solve problems with low similarity to previously learned data because only knowledge necessary for solving a given problem is learned in a teacher model and knowledge distillation to a student model is performed from the same point of view. Therefore, we propose a heterogeneous knowledge distillation method in which the teacher model learns a higher-level concept rather than the knowledge required for the task that the student model needs to solve, and the teacher model distills this knowledge to the student model. In addition, through classification experiments on about 18,000 documents, we confirmed that the heterogeneous knowledge distillation method showed superior performance in all aspects of learning efficiency and accuracy compared to the traditional knowledge distillation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2023

Poor indoor acoustic environments negatively affect occupants. Previous research has shown that indoor acoustic environments affect not only task performance and job satisfaction of the occupants, but also their health and well-being. This study aimed for evaluating indoor acoustic environments of open-plan offices located in public buildings in Korea. It also aimed to review the matters that need to be considered in order to improve occupants' acoustic comfort. Indoor noise levels were measured in 13 sites; the measurements were conducted for five consecutive working days from Monday to Friday. The noise levels were evaluated based on the levels recommended by the ISO and the EU ALDREN project. The study found that most of the indoor noise levels measured in the sampled sites during the working hours met the ISO standard. In the case of the levels under unoccupied conditions at night, those at three sites did not meet the recommendation of the ALDREN. In addition, some characteristics of the sites had significant effects on the noise level. Since the exact acoustic performance of the building envelope could not be identified, future research is needed for investigating the relationship between accurate building performance and indoor acoustic environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.16-30
• /
• 2023

As the concept of metaverse has received great attention, interest in metaverse related to landscape architecture is also increasing. The aim of this research is to understand the potential and tasks of applying metaverse in the field of landscape architecture by analyzing the user experience of a metaverse platform. The object of the research is Meta-Everland built in the Roblox platform, which has the most users among landscape architectural metaverses in Korea. NPS of 30 users who have been to Everalnd was investigated after using Meta-Everland with interviews. NPS before the metaverse experience was -16 and NPS after the experience was -24. This result means that the promotion level was lowered after the experience of the metaverse. There were three causes of lowered NPS: lack of users, low-quality graphics and interface, and lack of content. The factor of lack of users was the result of the other two problems. The factor of low technical quality is hard to be improved in a short period of time. Therefore, the main task to improve the metaverse is developing better metaverse content related to landscape architecture. It is more appropriate to develop metaverse-specific content rather than improve reality issues. Applying AR and VR devices, enhancing communication function, and developing potential as a simulation device are needed to be considered.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2023

This study aims to investigate the interaction between inward bias and canonical viewpoint, which are factors known to affect preference for meaningful objects. It also considered the familiarity of each entity in terms of their influence on the existence of a canonical viewpoint and demonstrated whether the relative strength of two preferences varies depending on familiarity. To confirm this, we conducted a behavior experiment using a two-alternative forced-choice task. The experimental stimuli were eight single objects for familiarity level (high/low), whereas the entity's inward bias and canonical viewpoint were observed or violated. Results showed that when inward bias was obeyed, the frequency of being chosen as a preferred option was higher, and the reaction time for preference judgment was shorter. However, the observation of a canonical viewpoint did not affect frequency and reaction time. Moreover, familiarity played an interference role in aesthetic judgment. These results indicate that inward bias is stronger than canonical viewpoint, ultimately implying that a single object's interaction with the visual context is superior to the entity's attribute as regards to preference judgment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.77-92
• /
• 2022

Recently, digital transformation in the financial industry has been accelerated, and it has become an important task to improve the level of utilization of Internet banking by elderly consumers, who are vulnerable to Internet use. Accordingly, this study analyzed 3,101 respondents in their 60s or older from the 11th year of the Media Panel Survey to identify demographic, experiential, and psychological factors that affect the self-efficacy of elderly consumers' usage of Internet banking. The main research findings are as follows. First, gender, education, occupation, and income were identified as demographic variables. Second, the Internet shopping experience was identified as an experiential factor. Also, concerns about information security, digital literacy, and high will for problem-solving were identified as psychological factors. Third, as a result of the moderating effect analysis on whether the experiential and psychological factors have different influences according to the group divided into the 60s and 70s, the effect on self-efficacy in the usage of the Internet was classified by age. The results of this study will be able to enrich the discussions related to the intention to utilize technology among elderly consumers by empirically revealing that there are characteristics that cause differences in financial behavior even within one group called the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2022

In this study, the practical implementation process and performance of cooperation were analyzed by analyzing the cases of collaboration to resolve conflicts related to the installation of military facilities in the cultural heritage protection zone in P city. In addition, through this, factors affecting collaboration were derived. The collaboration case within the cultural heritage protection area of P city, the subject of this study, is an excellent case of collaboration, and in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants in the collaboration. Through these in-depth interviews, the background, collaboration process, performance and success factors of the collaboration task within the P city cultural heritage protection area were examined. The success factors of cooperation related to the installation of military facilities in the cultural heritage protection zone of P city were derived as follows. First, it is important to form a consensus for collaboration, and for this, it is very important to have a common goal of community development. Second, support at the institutional level is essential to successfully induce collaboration. Not only the head of the institution, but also the middle managers need interest in collaboration and various support for it. Third, formal and informal communication between collaboration participants is very important. For collaboration, formal as well as informal communication are important. Through these results of this study, it is judged that it can contribute to inducing collaboration in the local community in the future.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 2018

Among many hacking attempts carried out in the past few years, the cyber-attacks that could have caused a national-level disaster were the attacks against nuclear facilities including nuclear power plants. The most typical one was the Stuxnet attack against Iranian nuclear facility and the cyber threat targeting one of the facilities operated by Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea; ROK). Although the latter was just a threat, it made many Korean people anxious while the former showed that the operation of nuclear plant can be actually stopped by direct cyber-attacks. After these incidents, the possibility of cyber-attacks against industrial control systems has become a reality and the security for these systems has been tightened based on the idea that the operations by network-isolated systems are no longer safe from the cyber terrorism. The ROK government has established a realistic control systems defense concept and in the US, the relevant authorities have set up several security frameworks to prepare for the threats. This paper presented various cyber security attack cases and their scenarios against control systems, along with the analysis of countermeasures for them. Though this task, we attempt to identify the items that need to be considered when designing a domestic security framework to improve security and secure stability.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2023

Aircraft are representative of human-machine systems. There is a delay between the human operation and the completion of the machine operation such as when the machine starts to operate and when the force is transmitted to the machine and completed. Time perception is an important component of timing tasks and is known to be affected by the anxiety associated with high arousal. This research verified the impact of weather, flight, and time conditions on the anxiety and time perception of in-service pilots in a virtual reality area. Weather conditions were divided into visual flight weather conditions and very low visibility conditions. Experiments 1 and 2 were performed with different flight and time conditions. In Experiment 1, time perception was measured by employing a button added to the control rod in the scenario of hovering and level flight with relatively little transformed in momentum and little delay. In Experiment 2, time perception was measured in the procedure of naturally taking off the helicopter by employing only the control stick in a takeoff scenario where there was a lot of transformation in momentum and a lot of delays. As a result of the experiment, it was reported that anxiety and heart rate increased in very low visibility conditions In particular, among all flight conditions in Experiments 1 and 2, it was reported that time was overestimated in the scenario of increased anxiety. This outcome can lead to overestimation of time under the impact of anxiety and failure of the timing task, which may lead to challenges in maneuvering and possibly lead to accidents.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.32
• /
• pp.192-221
• /
• 2013

In order to deal with the current economic crisis, the U.S. government, as a part of its austerity fiscal policy, implemented a budget sequester. The sequester will hit the U.S. defense budget the hardest, and as a result will most likely put the security of the international community in jeopardy. The U.S. will have to cut 46 billion dollars from its original 525 billon defense spending in 2013. And by the year 2022, will have to cut 486.9 billion dollars. Such an astronomical decrease in the U.S. defense spending will inevitably burden the friendly nations. According to recent studies, pirate related incidents in Somalia, where piracy is most active, has declined from its 226 incidents to 76 incidents per year in 2012, a 66% drop from previous years'. However, piracy threats as well as those related to firearms still remain and thus participants of anti-piracy operations, namely the U.S., U.K., France, Canada, NCC, EUNAVFOR, and NATO, are facing a problem of declining forces. Considering the current situation as well as rising expectations from the international community, Republic of Korea, a supporter of NCC's maritime security operation, not to mention its foremost duty of securing its sea, is at a stage to re-examine its operational picture. Such action will be a good opportunity for Republic of Korea to build the trust and live up to the international community's expectation. To quote from the network theory, although in relation to other friendly nations participating in the anti-piracy operation, Republic of Korea currently remains at a single cell level, this opportunity will certainly develop Korea to a 'node' nation in which power and information would flow into. Through this expansion of operational capability, Republic of Korea will be able to exert more influence as a more developed nation. Currently however, not only is the single 4,500 ton class destroyer deployed in Somalia a limited unit to further expand the scale and amount of force projection in the area, but also the total of six 4,500 ton class destroyers ROK feet possess is at a high fatigue degree due to standard patrolling operations, midshipman cruise and the RIMPAC exercise. ROK fleet therefore must consider expanding the number of ships deployed along with either deploying combat support ships or constructing logistics support site in the African region. Thus, by expanding its operational capabilities and furthermore by abiding to the rightful responsibilities of a middle power nation, Republic of Korea will surely earn its respect among the members of the international community.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.299-313
• /
• 2014

Recently, an interest on parenting stress and depression of grandparents raising grandchildren is rising according to the increase of working couple and divorce. Discussing around developmental task of elderly, one of the influencing factors on increase of grandparents' parenting stress and depression is leisure restriction. However, this factor has received far less rigorous analysis. Thus, the purpose of this article is to offer an analysis of the effect of leisure activities on depression in grandparents raising grandchildren. The data was collected from 172 grandparents raising their grandchildren in 2011 national survey results on the elderly life conditions. Their analyses were composed of descriptive statistic and multiple regression analysis. The study generated several findings. First, grandparents participated in activities for exercise and religion at a high rate and their mean score of depression was 7.1 of 15 what suggests middle level of depression. second, multiple regression analysis showed that the factor of exercise, travel experience, leisure activities satisfaction and other special leisure activities were statistically significant predictors of depression. Implication for social welfare services and programs to improve the mental health of grandparents raising their grandchildren to have positive self-awareness and attitude about life in their position and living condition for help prevent depression were discussed.