• Clean Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2005

This paper is about a new method of synthesis organic tanning agent (polymer, polyphenol, polyresin) and discusses their tanning property. It was found that properties of the leather manufactured with application of organic tanning agent were similar to those applied with conventional chrome tanning agent and reducing effects of Cr, T-N, COD, SS concentrations in the effluent.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.741-746
• /
• 2011

Tanning ability is important, because it represents the ability of the skin to protect itself against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we sought to determine genetic regions associated with tanning ability. Skin pigmentation was measured at the outer forearm and buttock areas to represent facultative and constitutive skin color, respectively. In our study population consisting of isolated Mongolian subjects, with common histories of environmental UV exposure during their nomadic life, facultative skin color adjusted by constitutive skin color was used to indicate tanning ability. Through linkage analysis and family-based association tests of 345 Mongolian subjects, we identified 2 potential linkage regions regulating tanning ability on 5q35.3 and 12q13.2, having 6 and 7 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Those significant SNPs were located in or adjacent to potential candidate genes related to tanning ability: GRM6, ATF1, WNT1, and SILV/Pmel17.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2005

In this paper we prepared dextrin dialdehyde (DAS) of a different oxidation ratio (aldehyde content) and examined their properties and discussed their tanning mechanism. DAS was produced by reacting dextrin in aqueous medium with periodate ion used in a molar ratio between periodate and glucose of 0.3 to 1.0 at a temperature of 20 to $45^{\circ}C$. Since DAS reacts with amino group, DAS may have tanning property of aldehyde tanning agent (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2009

Design of experiments (DoE) concept was successfully applied to determine the optimum processing conditions that yield maximum % exhaustion for berberine interaction with synthetic tanning agent pretreated polyamide substrates. The potential of synthetic tanning agent to provide anionic sites on the polyamide for berberine interaction which is cationic in nature was tested to increase the % exhaustion of berberine in this article. Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The three factors for synthetic tanning agent pretreatment and two factors for berberine interaction each at five different levels, including central and axial points were considered. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale infra-red treatment instrument according to CCRD. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis incorporating linear, interactions and squared effects of all variables and then optimized. The significance of the mathematical model developed was ascertained using Excel regression (solver) analysis module. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models. The response surfaces and contour maps showing the interaction of process variables were constructed. Applying Monte Carlo simulation, response surface and contour plots, optimum operating conditions were found and at this optimum point, % exhaustion of 81% and 74% respectively for synthetic tanning agent pretreatment and berberine interaction were observed and subsequently the results were experimentally investigated.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2017

Chromium(III) recovery from tanning wastewater by means of adsorption on activated carbon and elution with sulfuric acid was studied. Tests were carried out at laboratory scale on an effluent of industrial origin. Initially, proteinaceous materials and fats were separated via sieving followed by ultrafiltration. The chemical composition of the sample thus precleansed was (in g/L): 1.09 chromium(III); 10.36 sulfate; 11.10 sodium; 9.57 chloride; 0.40 proteinaceous materials; and 0.20 fats. Adsorptions were made at 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$, establishing what temperature favored chromium(III) uptake. At $40^{\circ}C$, the maximum cation fixation was 40.2 mg/g, and the lowest content in an equilibrium solution was 3.9 mg/L. As regards sodium, chloride, and sulfate, the concentrations before and after the treatment were similar. Likewise, it was found that protons were also retained, modifying the pH of the liquid medium. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models. Finally, the extraction of the adsorbed tanning agent with sulfuric acid was evaluated. A recovery of 96.5% was achieved with 0.9 N at $70^{\circ}C$ (13.23 g/L $Cr^{3+}$; 42.98 g/L sulfate; and 0.40 g/L NaCl).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.82-85
• /
• 1997

To develop an active material for skin darkening, we examined the effect of 300 plants on tyrosinase activity and found only Caesalpinia sappan has an ability to increase tyrosinase activity highly and melanin contents in B-16 melanoma cells. A compound increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin production was isolated from Caesalpinia sappan Lignum. Brazilin was identified as a new active agent. Brazilin increases the tyrosinase activity and malanin production of B-16 melanoma cells. In conclusion, it seems that brazilin cal be used as a new sunless tanning agent.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2004

Domestic leather company is working hard to solve present environmental problem. Leather industry is realized by representative pollution industry. An advanced nation is trying to develop clean technology by collaborating research institute with the chemical company, and tannery. This research introduced information that is gained through technical transfer in leather processing. This project started to solve environmental problem of leather industry. Specially the environment and economic problem is caused from chrome which exists in the waste water or solid waste. Representative technologies, reduced chrome tanning, non-chrome tanning method, are being introduced through transfer. Also lightweight leather development advances the research which uses non-metal tanning agent.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.19 no.1 s.92
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2007

Exhaustion increase using cationic dyes on polyamide fibers are not easy work due to the limited amounts of the functional end groups(-COOH) in the substrates. Therefore, to enhance dye exhaustion, polyamide fibers are required to be modified onto desired surface properties of the fibers using anionic bridging agent. In this study, synthetic tanning agent for pre-treatment finishing and cationic dye(berberine chloride) for dyeing of polyamide fibers were used. For surface modification, polyamide fibers were pre-treated with synthetic tanning agent at various concentrations and temperatures. The increased concentration and temperatures of synthetic tanning agents had resulted in exhaustion increase. The modified polyamide substrates skewed increased cationic dyeing exhaustions and the corresponding dyeing results from treated samples represented higher exhaustion properties than those of non-treated counterpart. The increased dyeing effects of cationic dye can be attributed to the supplied ionic interaction and electrostatic attraction sites on the surface of polyamide substrates.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the whitening effect of Angelicae dahuricae Radix water extract (ADWE) by its application on artificial tanning spots which were induced by 1,500 $mJ/cm^2$ of UVB radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs weighing approximately 450~500 g. Thirty ${\mu}l$ of ADWE, at each application, were applied twice a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks to the guinea pigs. The artificial tanning spots were divided into 3 groups which were vehicle control group [propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5:3:2)], positive control group (2% hydroquinone) and experimental group (2% ADWE). The visible whitening effect and changes in melanin index were evaluated once a week. On completion of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization, and the artificial tanning spots were excised by biopsy punch and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to observe histological change and also stained with Fontana-Masson's silver (F-M) and S-100 to observe melanin pigmentation and melanocytes. In the gross observation, the experimental group showed higher pigmentation than the positive control group but lower pigmentation than the vehicle control group. Histological observation confirmed that ADWE had a positive whitening effect by showing a lower distribution of melanin and melanocytes in the epidermis of experimental group than in the vehicle control group.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2003

Nylon 6.6 was treated with anionic synthetic tanning agent at different pH values, temperatures and liquor ratios to determine exhaustion properties. Treatments using syntan were conducted to the undyed nylon 6.6 fiber and three acid dyeings and then samples of the bath solution were subjected to HPLC analysis. Mass analysis was considered to determine the syntan components. In addition, the effect of applications using syntan and syntan/cation in improving the stain resistance was observed. The optimum treatment condition of syntan was achieved and the major component of syntan, being exhausted to the nylon substrates, was determined. In terms of stain blocking effect, a significant improvement was achieved by the syntan and syntan/cation treatments.