• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

A CFD benchmark calculation for a steam blowdown test was performed for 30 seconds to develop the methodology of numerical analysis for the thermal mixing between steam and subcooled water. In the CFD analysis, the grid model simulating the sparger and the IRWST pool were developed by the axisymmetric condition and then the steam condensation phenomena by a direct contact was modelled by the so-called condensation region model. Thermal mixing phenomenon in the subcooled water tank was treated as an incompressible flow, a free surface flow between the air and the water, a turbulent flow, and a buoyancy flow. The comparison of the CFD results with the test data showed a good agreement as a whole, but a small temperature difference was locally found at some locations. The commercial CFD code of CFX4.4 together with the condensation region model can simulate the thermal mixing behavior reasonably well when a sufficient number of mesh distribution and a proper numerical method are adopted.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.113-199
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• 2002

In this study, the toughness was evaluated by using the instrumented Charpy impact testing procedures for A15083-O aluminum alloy used in the LNG carrying and storing tank. The specimens were GMAW welded with four different mixing shield gas ratios (Ar100%+He0%, Ar67%+He33%, Ar50%+He50%, and Ar33%+He67%), and tested at four different temperatures(+25, -30, -85, and -196$^{\circ}C$ ) in order to investigate the influence of the mixing shield gas ratio and the low temperature. The specimens were divided into base metal, weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ specimen according to the worked notch position. From experiment, the maximum load increased a little up to -85$^{\circ}C$, and the maximum load and maximum displacement were shown the highest and the lowest at -196$^{\circ}C$ than the other test temperatures. The absorption energy of weld metal notched specimens was not nearly depends on test temperature and mixing shield gas ratio because the casting structure was formed in weld metal zone. In the other hand, the others specimens was shown that the lower temperature, the higher absorption energy slightly up to -85$^{\circ}C$ but the energy was decreased so mush at -196$^{\circ}C$

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2002

In this study, the toughness was evaluated by using the instrumented Charpy impact testing procedures for A15083-O aluminum alloy used in the LNG carrying and storing tank. The specimens were GMAW welded with four different mixing shield gas ratios (Ar100%+He0%, Ar67%+He33%, Ar50%+He50%, and Ar33%+He67%), and tested at four different temperatures(+25, -30, -85, and $-196^{\circ}C$) in order to investigate the influence of the mixing shield gas ratio and the low temperature. The specimens were divided into base metal, weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ specimen according to the worked notch position. From experiment, the maximum load increased a little up to -$85^{\circ}C$ , and the maximum load and maximum displacement were shown the highest and the lowest at -$196^{\circ}C$ than the other test temperatures. The absorption energy of weld metal notched specimens was not nearly depends on test temperature and mixing shield gas ratio because the casting structure was formed in weld metal zone. In the other hand, the other specimens were shown that the lower temperature, the higher absorption energy slightly up to $-85^{\circ}C$ but the energy was decreased so mush at $-196^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2014

본 연구는 PI 개념에 근거한 수처리용 인라인 혼화 및 응집 시스템의 성능특성에 대한 실험적 연구를 목적으로 한다. 3단 인라인 혼화 및 응집 시스템은 처리 원수 저장조, 응집제 주입 정량펌프, 혼화 및 응집관, 침전조 및 제어 판넬로 구성된다. 동일한 응집제와 응집보조제의 주입량 조건에서 응집제의 증가에 따른 탁도 제거율에 비해 응집보조제의 증가에 따른 탁도 제거율이 약 3배 정도 높게 나타났다. 동일한 혼화 및 응집 시간 조건에서 인라인 방식이 기계식에 비해서 평균적으로 약 4.6배 정도 탁도 제거율이 높게 나타났다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

Up-flow multi-layer bioreactor (UMBR) is a hybrid system using dual sludge that consists of an up-flow multi-layer bioreactor as anaerobic/anoxic suspended growth microorganisms followed by an aeration tank. The UMBR acts as a primary settling tank, anaerobic/anoxic reactor, thickener which requires low energy due to mixing by up-flow stream. This study focused on using a pilot UMBR plant with capacity of 20-30 $m^3$/day for domestic wastewater in HCMC. HRTs of UMBR and aeration tank were 4.8 h and 7.2 h, respectively. The average MLSS of UMBR ranged from 10,000-13,600 mg/l SS. Internal recycle rate and sludge return were 200-300% and 150-200%, respectively. The results obtained from this study at flow rate of 20 $m^3$/day showed that removal of COD, SS, TKN, N-$NH_4$, T-N, and color were 91%, 87%, 86%, 80%, 91% and 91%, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2016

본 연구는 가압식 마이크로버블 발생장치를 이용하여 공기를 마이크로화 시켜 공급하면서 pilot-scale 규모의 폭기조내 DO 농도 및 ORP 변화를 살펴보았다. 마이크로버블에 의한 폭기조 내 교반 및 산소전달 능력을 확인한 결과, 폭기조 횡(橫)방향으로 마이크로버블 공급위치에 따라 폭기조 내액의 순환으로 인하여 단일반응조 내에서 측정위치별 DO 농도가 다르게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 마이크로버블 공급위치에 따른 교반현상을 파악하고 마이크로버블 공급위치의 적정성을 확인하고자 유체유동해석을 한 결과, 마이크로버블 공급위치가 폭기조 횡(橫)방향으로 1/2지점일 경우, 좌측면에서 공급될 때보다 폭기조 내부의 교반이 잘 이루어져 사영역이 적게 발생되는 것을 확인되었다. 실험 및 유체유동해석 결과를 바탕으로 마이크로버블 공급위치에 따라 단일반응조에서 DO 농도를 변화시켜 격벽이 없는 영역분리가 가능하므로 혐기, 무산소, 호기를 한 공간에서 운영할 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 마이크로버블을 공급했을 경우, 산기관을 사용할 때와는 다르게 MLSS가 부상농축되는 고액분리 현상이 발생하였는데 마이크로버블이 생물학적 처리를 위하여 부상의 목적이 아닌, MLSS의 혼합과 적절한 DO 농도 유지를 목적으로 사용되기 위해서는 폐수 종류에 따른 적절한 크기의 버블선택이 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.303-308
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• 2001

Recently, concrete structures have become larger and higher and are demanding high performance concrete with lower heat to prevent thermal cracking, far greater workability, high strength and durability, Application of low heat portland(Type IV) cement for the high performance concrete is the best solution to satisfied those requirements. Here are explained the effect on the properties of high flowing concrete using low heat portland cement by material and mixing variations. Variables for sensitivity test were selected items like finess modulus of aggregates, particle size of limestone powder, unit water, superplasticizer, viscosity agent and concrete temperature. The results of this study were be applied to slurry wall of #215 and #216 of underground LNG tank in Inchon.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2003

Simultaneous measurements of turbulent velocity and concentration field in a stirred mixer tank are carried out by using PIV/LIF technique. Instantaneous velocity fields are measured with a 1K$\times$1K CCD camera adopting the frame straddle method while the concentration fields are obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B tracer excited by the second pulse of Nd:Yag laser light. Image distortion due to the camera view-angle is compensated by a mapping function. It is found that the general features of the mixing pattern are quite dependent on the local flow characteristics during the rapid decay of mean concentration. However, the small scale mixing seems to be independent on the local turbulent velocity fluctuation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.717-726
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• 2007

Fully-grown flocs in a mixing tank of membrane filtration with dead-end membrane are ruptured while passing through a pump and the ruptured flocs are aggregated again in a Membrane-Feed-Pipe (MFP). To look at more details, this study tries to relate the reaggregation to a parameter of mixing intensity in MFP, i.e., G-value. The G-value is a function of Reynolds number, pipe diameter, friction factor and average velocity in MFP. To deal with polydispersity condition, we develop a representative particle size called in this study EDPD (Effective Diameter for Polydispersity condition in Dead-end filtration). The experimental results show that as the G-value increases, the EDPD decreases and also the cake resistance increases. Through comparison between EDPD and cake resistance, these results show that cake resistances are controlled by reaggregation phenomenon in MFP. The effect of detention time in MFP, however, does not affect the reaggregation of the broken flocs as G-values are increased.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2004년도 Proceedings of 2004 Korea-Japan Joint Seminar on Particle Image Velocimetry
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• pp.15-23
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• 2004

The present study is aimed to achieve dynamic visualization from the in-house 3-D stereoscopic PIV to represent quantitative flow information such as time-resolved 3-D velocity distribution, vorticity, turbulent intensity or Reynolds stresses and so on. One of the application of the present study is Leading edge extension(LEX) flow appearing on modern delta wing aircraft. The other is mixing flow in stirring tank used in industry field. LEX in a highly swept shape applied to a delta wing features the modern air-fighters. The LEX vortices generated upon the upper surface of the wing at high angle of attack enhance the lift force of the delta wing by way of increased negative suction pressure over the surfaces. The present method resolves also the complicated flow patterns of two type impellers rotating in stirring vessel. Flow quantities such as three velocity vector components, vorticity and other flow information can be easily visualized via the 3D time-resolved post-processing visualization. And it makes the easy understanding of the unsteady flow characteristics of the typical industrial mixers.