• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

To investigate seasonal (summer and fall) daily movement of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis that inhabit in upper part of the Nakdong River, we attached radio tags to seven individuals (summer: BL1-2; fall: BL3-7) and monitored them at an interval of 2 h. The survey results revealed that the average movement distance per day (m) (${\pm}SD$) of B. l. tsinlingensis was $182.4{\pm}79.2m$, and most of the individuals migrated within 1 km as their habitat boundary. The maximum movement distance per day (m) and the home range (m) during summer season were $550.5{\pm}75.5m$ and $649{\pm}53m$, respectively, compared to $283.8{\pm}55.1m$ and $186{\pm}32m$ during fall season. From these findings, it can be inferred that B. l. tsinlingensis exhibits seasonal changes in the distance of daily movement; however, it generally covers short distances without leaving the habitat boundaries during both seasons. The seasonal daily movement of B. l. tsinlingensis established in this study is expected to be useful in preserving their population.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2009

The telemetry of eight adult manchurian trouts (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis) in the upper part of the Nakdong River, which is the southern limit of distribution of manchurian trout on the Korean peninsula, was used to examine migration patterns and evaluate characteristics of over-wintering and the spawning season between December, 2007 and May, 2008. Based on the tracking data, the tagged fish showed a limited migration between adjacent pools, moving only up to $8.6m\;day^{-1}$ during the winter season (December to February). Hydraulic conditions of over-wintering pool areas were, ca. 1m depth, slow moving surface water with areas of sand and gravel. The migration of tagged individuals was successful, moving up to $96.2m\;day^{-1}$ during the spawning season. Two tagged individuals (BL4, BL6) exhibited upstream migration, whereas others showed downstream movements. The timing of upstream migration of the two individuals was consistent with an increasing phases of water level and discharge. The fishes migrating toward the down stream moved to the wide pool areas downstream, where they spent the summer season for the growth.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2000

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate dentin bonding by two different dentin bonding systems(DBS) using acetone based primer or adhesive [All Bond 2(AB2), One Step(OS)] when they were applied by wet or dry bonding technique. Morphology of resin-dentin interface and hybrid layer thickness(HLT) were investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope(CLSM) and compared to shear bond strength(SBS). 72 extracted sound human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 18 teeth each - Group 1.(AW); AB2 by wet bonding. Group 2(AD); AB2 by dry bonding. Group 3.(OW); OS by wet bonding, Group 4.(OD); OS by dry bonding. In 6 teeth of each group, notch-shaped class V cavities(depth 2mm) were prepared on buccal and lingual surface at the cementoenamel juction(12 cavities per group). To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, bonding resins of each DBS were mixed with rhodamine B and primer of AB2 was mixed with sodium fluorescein. Prepared teeth of each group were treated with AB2, OS, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions except for dentin surface moisture treatment after acid etching. In group 1 and 3, after acid etching, excess water was removed with wet tissue(Kimwipes), leaving consistently shiny, visibly hydrated dentin surface. In group 2 and 4, dentin surface was dried for 10 seconds at 1 inch distance. The treated teeth were then packed with composite resin(${\AE}$litefil) and light-cured. 12 microscopic samples($60{\sim}80{\mu}m$ thickness) of each group were obtained after longitudinal section and grinding(Exakt cutting and grinding system). Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and HLT measurement using CLSM were done. For measurement of SBS, remaining 12 teeth of each group were flattened occlusally to remove all enamel and grinded to 500 grit SiC(Pedemet Specimen Preparation Equipment). After applying DBS on the exposed dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder, which has 5mm diameter, 1.5mm thickness, and light cured. SBS was measured using Instron with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. It was concluded as follows, 1. HLT of AW(mean: $2.59{\mu}m$) was thicker than any other group, and followed by AD, OW, OD in descending order(mean; 2.37, 2.28, $1.92{\mu}m$). Only OD had statistically significant differences(p<0.05) to AW and AD. 2. There were intimate contact of resin and dentin at the interface in wet bonding groups, but gaps or irregular interfaces were observed in dry bonding groups. 3. The length, diameter, density of resin tags were various even in the same group without significant differences between groups and lots of adhesive lateral branches were observed. 4. There were no statistically significant difference of SBS between AB2 and OS, but SBS of wet bonding groups were significantly higher(p<0.05) than dry bonding groups. 5. There were no consistent relationships between HLT and SBS.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.197-212
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride application on the aspect of shear bond strength of three aesthetic restorative materials to dentin. One light-cured composite resin(Palfique Esterite) and two light-cured glass ionomer cements(Fuji II LC and Compoglass)were used in this study. 120 permanent molars were used for this study. The teeth were extracted due to the origin of periodontal disease. The crowns of all teeth were removed, and the remaining roots were embedded in epoxy resin. The mesial or distal surfaces of roots were ground flat to expose dentin and polished on wet 320-, 400-, and 600 grit SIC papers for a total of 120 prepared flat root dentin surfaces. The prepared samples were divided into six groups. Group 1, 3, and 5 were control groups and group 2, 4, and 6 were experimental groups. Sixty samples for experimental groups were treated with 2% NaF solution for 5 minutes. Group 1 and 2 were bonded with Plafique Esterite, group 3 and 4 were bonded with Fuji II LC, and group 5 and 6 were bonded with Compoglass. After 24 hours water storage at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, all samples were subjected to a shear to fracture with Instron universal testing machine(No.4467) at 1.0 mm/min displacement rate. Dentin surfaces treated with each conditioners before bonding and interfacial layers between dentin and aesthetic restorative materials were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope(Hitachi S-2300) at 20Kvp. The data were evaluated statistically at the 95% confidence level with ANOVA test. The result were as follows; 1. Among the control groups, group 1 showed strongest bond strength and group 3 showed weakest. 2. Among the experimental groups, group 2 showed strongest bond strength and group 6 showed weakest. 3. Statistical analysis of the data showed that pretreatment of dentin with 2% NaF solution significantly decreased the bond strength of three aesthetic restorative materials to dentin(P<0.05). 4. SEM findings of fluoride treated dentin surfaces (2, 4, 6 group) demonstrated dentin surfaces covered with fluoridated reaction products. 5. Except group 4 and 6, resin tags were formed in all groups.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12B
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• pp.1444-1451
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• 2009

This paper first proposes diverse C determining models in the Q algorithm which is proposed in the EPCglobal C1 Gen 2 standard and then compares and analyzes its performance. EPCglobal C1 Gen 2 standard proposes the slot-count (Q) selection algorithm for multiple tag identification environment, but there is no such definition for the C value which modifies the Q value depending on collision or no reply. During the tag anti-collision process, the Q algorithm adds C to the Q when there is a collision and reduces the Q by C when there is no reply. The modified Q value updates new slot-counts for tags which determines the tag identification speed, so the C value is an important factor. However, many researches only intend to increase the tag identification speed by proposing a new method or modifying the Q algorithm without any research about the C value. This paper suggests diverse C models which satisfies the EPCglobal C1 Gen 2 and analyzes their performance in the multi tag identification environment. The result of this paper can be used as an index for future researches on EPCglobal C1 Gen 2 C models and multiple tag identification performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2153-2158
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• 2008

XML is one of standard web languages. XML has a syntax architecture consisted of tags, which are used to descript contents and structures of a XML document. In XML documents, missing of markup tag is one of common factors generating incomplete inputs. Usually, editors will recognize incomplete inputs as syntax errors. And so, when editors find them, they will highlight lines in which syntax errors happened, and execute appropriate error handling routines. But, there are no more parsing actions. In this paper, we propose a method to recognize incomplete input strings and keep parsing phases going. To recognize pars missed grammatically in incomplete inputs and create them newly, we use an expanding parsing table. It includes additional parsing actions for newly generated input symbols. Through the information, incomplete inputs will be completed and parsing steps will be finished successively. Therefore, users can be assured that they make always correct XML documents, even if inputs are incomplete, and can not be nervous about input faults.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

In Instant message service, the server should process instant messages and request messages which include many presence resources for users. And it also precesses massive notification messages generating from the subscribed presence resources. In this paper a new architecture of instant message service with multiple servers which can distribute loads efficiently as the number of users increases has been suggested. It also provides various functions to users using extended call processing language. The user subscribes presence information and call processing language script which describes user's functions. The server processes instant messages, presence services and call processing language scripts. New extended presence information data structure has been suggested and new call processing language operation tags have been added. Therefore extendability of the system can be increased and various services which combine presence service and call processing can be provided in this system. Furthermore instant message processing module has been integrated in the server to decrease the amount of SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) messages, and it also improves system efficiency, The performance of our proposed system has been analysed by experiments.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2008

Over 7 individual rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants per a line were sowed and sampled by pooled sampling method for genomic DNA extraction. The 5,400 flanking sequence tags (FSTs) were analysed by adaptor PCR and direct sequencing. FST analysis showed that the intragenic FSTs, the intergenic FSTs, and the original insertional sequences including hot spot covered 48.1% (2,597), 25.6% (1,383), and 25% (1,350), respectively. The 2,597 intragenic FSTs were used for genotyping to determine whether they are heterozygous or homozygous, and 1,393 core lines were selected. Among them, 422 knockout genes were distributed on chromosome 3, while 56 - 157 intragenic FSTs scattered on other chromosomes. Among 1,393 FSTs, known genes such as transcription factor covered 59.4% (827), while unknown genes such as expressed protein covered 40.6% (566). RT-PCR indicated that some core lines had no expression or decreased expression level in their knockout genes. It means that core lines are very useful knockout lines for functional genomic studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.284-295
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• 2019

In the recent times, a personalized travel path recommendation based on both travelogues and community contributed photos and the heterogeneous meta-data (tags, geographical locations, and date taken) which are associated with photos have been studied. The travellers using social media leave their location history, in the form of paths. These paths can be bridged for acquiring information, required, for future recommendation, for the future travellers, who are new to that location, providing all sort of information. In this paper, we propose a personalized travel path recommendation scheme, based on social life log. By taking advantage, of two kinds of social media, such as travelogue and community contributed photos, the proposed scheme, can not only be personalized to user's travel interest, but also be able to recommend, a travel path rather than individual Points of Interest (POIs). The proposed personalized travel route recommendation method consists of two steps, which are: pruning POI pruning step and creating travel path step. In the POI pruning step, candidate paths are created by the POI derived. In the creating travel path step, the proposed scheme creates the paths considering the user's interest, cost, time, season of the topic for more meaningful recommendation.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, the location and history information of the cavity identified in the cavity exploration, such as repacking of the pavement, is not known. Therefore, it is to review the field applicability of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) systems that enable anyone to accurately identify information. Method: Basic experiments were conducted for field applicability for cavity recognition distance, recognition and recognition rate, tag performance and tag type, reader interference, communication, underground burial impact, and duplicate recognition by RFID system. Results: As a result of the depth of tag and reader recognition, the electronic tag chips and readers applied in the basic experiment are judged to be effectively applicable in the field environment where the road cavity is located. Conclusion: The RFID tags for field application of the pavement management system store various information such as location and size of cavity, identification date, cause of occurrence, and surrounding underground facilities to maximize cavity management effect with a system that can be computerized and mobile utilization.