• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2023

Objective : Stroke caused from large vessel occlusion (LVO) has emerged as the most common stroke subtype worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration (IV-tPA) and additional intraarterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx) is regarded as standard treatment. In this study, the authors try to find the early recanalization rate of IV-tPA in LVO stroke patients. Methods : Total 300 patients undertook IA-Tx with confirmed anterior circulation LVO, were analyzed retrospectively. Brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) was the initial imaging study and acute stroke magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) followed after finished IV-tPA. Early recanalization rate was evaluated by acute stroke MRA within 2 hours after the IV-tPA. In 167 patients undertook IV-tPA only and 133 non-recanalized patients by IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx tried (IV-tPA + IA-Tx group). And 131 patients, non-recanalized by IV-tPA (IV-tPA group) additional IA-Tx recommend and tried according to the patient condition and compliance. Results : Early recanalization rate of LVO after IV-tPA was 12.0% (36/300). In recanalized patients, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2) was 69.4% (25/36) while it was 32.1% (42/131, p<0.001) in non-recanalized patients. Among 133 patients, non-recanalized after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and undertook additional IA-Tx, the clinical outcome was better than not undertaken additional IA-Tx (favorable outcome was 42.9% vs. 32.1%, p=0.046). Analysis according to the perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatching or not, in patient with IV-tPA with IA-Tx (133 patients), favorable outcome was higher in P/D-mismatching patient (52/104; 50.0%) than P/D-matching patients (5/29; 17.2%; p=0.001). Which treatment tired, P/D-mismatching was favored in clinical outcome (iv-tPA only, p=0.008 and IV-tPA with IA-Tx, p=0.001). Conclusion : The P/D-mismatching influences on the recanalization and clinical outcomes of IV-tPA and IA-Tx. The authors would like to propose that we had better prepare IA-Tx when LVO is diagnosed on initial diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, if the patient shows P/D-mismatching on MRA after IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx improves treatment results and lessen the futile recanalization.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1998

본 실험은 참흩파래 추출물의 항고지혈증 효과의 조사를 위해 시행된 것으로 ICR 생쥐에Triton WR-1339(TX) 복강주사로 고지혈증을 유발시킨 후 참흩파래 추출물(30mg/kg)를 복강주사하여 시간의 경과에 따른 신장조직의 일반적인 형태변화와 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방입자 축적양상 변화를 관찰하였다. TX 주사 후 신장조직에서 나타나는 일반적인 형태변화는 콩팥소체의 혈관극과 요세관극 모두에서 단층편평상피인 보우만주머니의 외벽이 비후되어 단층입방상피의 형태로 바뀌었으며 요세관 공간도 확장되었다. 지방입자는 사구체 전지역, 근위곱슬세관, 원위곱슬세관 그리고 헨레고리에서 침착이 증가된 것으로 나타났으며, 지방입자의 크기도 증가하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤 입자도 전 지역에서 월등하게 증가한 분포양상을 보였다. 그러나 TX 주사 후 참흩파래 추출물 처리군에서는 보우만주머니 외벽세포의 비후와 요세관공간의 확장을 일부 콩팥소체에서만 관찰할 수 있었으며, 대부분은 정상적인 신장형태를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 지방입자는 TX 주사군에 비해 그 분포와 크기가 감소한 것 나타났으며. 또한 콜레스테롤입자도 일부 지역에서 나타나 그 분포가 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 참흩파래 추출물은 TX 주사로 고지혈증이 유발된 생쥐에 대해 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방축적을 억제하는 항고지혈증 효과을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

고속 저전력 모바일 응용분야를 위한 1.8V 2-Gb/s scalable low voltage signaling (SLVS) 송신단을 제안한다. 제안하는 송신단은 데이터 전송을 위한 4-lane 송신단, 소스 동기 클록 방식을 위한 1-lane 송신단, 그리고 8-phase 클록 발생기로 구성된다. 제안하는 SLVS 송신단은 50 mV에서 650 mV의 출력 전압 범위를 가지며 고속 동작 모드와 저전력 모드를 제공한다. 또한, signal integrity를 개선하기 위한 출력 드라이버의 임피던스 교정 기법이 제안된다. 제안하는 SLVS 송신단은 1.8 V의 공급 전압을 가지는 0.18-${\mu}m$ 1-poly 6-metal CMOS 공정을 이용하여 구현된다. 구현된 SLVS 송신단의 데이터 jitter의 시뮬레이션 결과는 2-Gb/s의 데이터 전송속도에서 8.04 ps이다. 1-lane을 위한 SLVS 송신단의 면적과 전력소모는 각각 $422{\times}474{\mu}m^2$와 5.35 mW/Gb/s이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.386-390
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• 2005

Based on the reported cDNA sequences of $BmK{\alpha}Txs$, the genes encoding toxin $BmK{\alpha}Tx11$ and $BmK{\alpha}Tx15$ were amplified by PCR from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch genomic DNA employing synthetic oligonucleotides. Sequences analysis of nucleotide showed that an intron about 500 bp length interrupts signal peptide coding regions of $BmK{\alpha}Tx11$ and $BmK{\alpha}Tx15$. Using cDNA sequence of $BmK{\alpha}Tx11$ as probe, southern hybridization of BmK genome total DNA was performed. The result indicates that $BmK{\alpha}Tx11$ is multicopy genes or belongs to multiple gene family with high homology genes. The similarity of $BmK{\alpha}$-toxin gene sequences and southern hybridization revealed the evolution trace of $BmK{\alpha}$-toxins: $BmK{\alpha}$-toxin genes evolve from a common progenitor, and the genes diversity is associated with a process of locus duplication and gene divergence.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.357-360
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• 2013

고속 저전력 모바일 응용분야를 위한 1.8V 2-Gb/s SLVS 송신단을 제안한다. 제안하는 송신단은 데이터 전송을 위한 4-lane 송신단, 소스 동기 클럭 방식을 위한 1-lane 송신단, 그리고 8-phase 클럭 발생기로 구성된다. 제안하는 SLVS 송신단은 50 mV에서 650 mV의 출력 전압 범위를 가지며 고속 동작 모드와 저전력 모드를 제공한다. 또한, signal integrity를 개선하기 위한 출력 드라이버의 임피던스 교정 기법이 제안된다. 제안하는 SLVS 송신단은 1.8V의 공급 전압을 가지는 $0.18-{\mu}m$ 1-poly 6-metal CMOS 공정을 이용하여 구현된다. 구현된 SLVS 송신단의 데이터 jitter의 시뮬레이션 결과는 2-Gb/s의 데이터 전송속도에서 8.04 ps이다. 1-lane을 위한 SLVS 송신단의 면적과 전력소모는 각각 $422{\times}474{\mu}m^2$와 5.35 mW/Gb/s이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

The measured attenuation correction with transmission (Tx) scans produced quantitatively accurate images. However, it was not clear for optimal emission (Ex) and Tx scan time in PET imaging. This study was to evaluate acceptable Ex and Tx scan time by simulating clinical situations using various phantoms. Cylindrical and NEMA phantom were used for $^{18}$ F-PET scan using 2D protocol in GE Advance PETTM scanner. Cylindrical phantom was filled with 136 MBq 18F, and five regions of interests (ROI) were drawn on 23 slices. NEMA phantom had three inserts containing water, air and polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE). Outside of these inserts were filled with 309 MBq of $^{18}$ F, and total 12 ROIs were drawn on 23 slices. Scans were carried out according to five Ex scan times: 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min, and nine Tx scan times: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min. Images were reconstructed using measured attenuation correction, and ROI analyses were performed for all images, and mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation and percent errors were calculated. For cylindrical phantom study, ROI mean and SD were decreased as Ex and Tx time increased. Coefficients of variation were kept constant, when Tx was greater than 10 min. The amount of error decreased for the increment of Ex time from 10 min to 15 min was almost the same to that from 15 min to 30 min. In NEMA phantom Tx 15 min showed the lowest er개r level when the percent errors for three inserts were summed for all of the Ex times. This study suggested that Ex 15 min and Tx 15 min were acceptable as optimal scan time for the scanning protocol and the dose of radiopharmaceuticals used in these phantom study.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2008

This paper describes a $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS RF switch for $3{\sim}5$ GHz UWB band(mode 1). It can improve isolation characteristics between ports by using deep n-well RF devices while their source and body terminals are separated. From the measurement results, the proposed T/R switch is comparative to the on-wafer probing measurement results of the series-shunt T/R switches. When the proposed T/R switch operates as Tx mode, measured insertion loss from Tx to output port is less than 1.5 dB and isolation between Tx and Rx is more than 27 dB for $3{\sim}5$ GHz. Return loss for the Tx port is more than -10 dB and input P1dB is +10 dBm.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2017년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.131-132
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 차세대 ATSC 3.0 표준 기반 단일주파수망 (Single frequency network, SFN) 지상파 방송시스템에서의 송신기 식별 (Transmitter identification, TxID) 기술을 살펴보고 그 성능을 분석한다. SFN 기반 지상파 방송은 복수의 송신기를 동일한 주파수 대역에서 운용하는 것에서 발생하는 간섭으로 인한 영향을 최소화하기 위해 적절한 망 설계를 필요로 한다. 용이한 망 설계를 위해, ATSC 3.0 물리계층 표준은 TxID 기술을 통해 개별 송신기에서 전송된 신호를 판별할 수 있도록 지원한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 ATSC 3.0 표준에서 지원하는 TxID 신호 생성 및 검출 기술을 소개한다. 더불어, 전산 실험을 통해 해당 TxID 기술의 식별 성능이 TxID 신호의 삽입 준위가 매우 낮은 환경에서도 보장됨을 확인한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigate the D2D Transmitter(Tx) and Receiver(Rx) pair assignment problem in the cellular system where D2D users share the uplink resource of the cellular system. Sharing the uplink resource of the cellular system may cause interference to the cellular system, though it is beneficial to improve the D2D user Capacity. Therefore, to protect the cellular users, D2D transmit power should be carefully controlled. In this work, we focus on optimal Tx-Rx assignment in such a way that the total transmit power of users is minimized. First, we consider the optimum Tx-Rx assignment in general and the corresponding complexity. Then, we propose an iterative D2D Tx-Rx assignment algorithm with low complexity that can minimize total transmit power of users. Finally, we present the numerical examples that show the complexity and the convergence to the unique transmit power level.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an antenna module with high isolation between Tx and Rx in RFID reader module. The proposed module consists of a quadrafilar antenna and a directional coupler with a switchable dummy load to improve the directivity. The proposed module achieves the isolation higher than 20 dB between Tx and Rx. To show the validity of the proposed scheme, we have performed the measurement of tagging range and multi-tagging ability. The experiment results show that the detecting range and multi-tagging ability are enhanced by 81% and 200%, respectively.