• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2022

Objectives: This study analyzes TVOC concentrations in root industry workplaces in order to prevent probable occupational disease among workers. Root industry includes all the infrastructure of manufacturing, such as casting and molding. Methods: Real-time TVOC sensors were deployed in three root industry workplaces. We measured TVOC concentrations with these sensors and analyzed the results using a data-analysis tool developed with Python 3.9. Results: During the study period, the mean of the TVOC concentrations remained in an acceptable range, 0.30, 2.15, and 1.63 ppm across three workplaces. However, TVOC concentrations increased significantly at specific times, with respective maximum values of 4.98, 28.35, and 26.65 ppm for the three workplaces. Moreover, the analysis of hourly TVOC concentrations showed that during working hours or night shifts TVOC concentrations increased significantly to higher than twice the daily mean values. These results were scrutinized through classical decomposition results and autocorrelation indices, where seasonal graphs of the corresponding classical decomposition results showed that TVOC concentrations increased at a specific time. Trend graphs showed that TVOC concentrations vary by day. Conclusions: Deploying a real-time TVOC sensor should be considered to reflect irregularly high TVOC concentrations in workplaces in the root industry. It is expected that the real-time TVOC sensor with the presented data analysis methodology can eradicate probable occupational diseases caused by detrimental gases.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 실내오염관리와 관련하여, 주분석 대상의 하나로 간주되는 총휘발성유기화합물 (total volatile organic compounds: TVOC)의 검출에 개입된 분석화학적 오차의 발생소지를 여러 가지 관점에서 비교검토하였다. 이를 위하여 톨루엔 검량선을 이용한 TVOC의 산출방법과 개별 VOC 성분들의 검량선들로부터 TVOC를 산출하는 방법을 이질적인 공기 시료에 동시에 적용하는 방식으로 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 톨루엔 중심의 검량방법에는 여러 가지 오차발생요인이 근원적으로 내재되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과, 궁극적으로 TVOC란 개념을 활용하기 위해서는 앞으로 여러 가지 관점에서 보완이 이루어져야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The main sources of the new house syndrome(sometimes it called sick building syndrome) are a concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO) and a concentration of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC). I had field measurements of indoor air quality in the apartment unit at medium-size cities(Y city, C city). I measured indoor air temperature, HCHO concentration in 16 units, TVOC concentration in 6 units and air tightness in 7 units. And I measured outdoor air quality, HCHO concentration and TVOC concentration. Mean concentration of HCHO was $357{\mu}g/m^3$(2006 standard=$120{\mu}g/m^3$), mean concentration of TVOC was $3,092{\mu}g/m^3$ and mean effective air leakage area was 193 cm2. There was a close relation between the indoor air temperature and HCHO concentration, between the indoor air temperature and TVOC concentration. Air tightness also had relation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2020

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating indoor air quality on public transportation (subway, train, and bus) according to changes in season and time. Methods: We evaluated TVOC and HCHO on public transportation based on the un-controlled parameters of the Ministry of Environment. We also measured temperature and humidity since they affect the concentration of TVOC and HCHO. For public transportation classification, subway lines were classified into Lines 1 to 4. Additionally, trains were classified as ITX and KTX. Results: When comparing summer and winter on public transportation, the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO did not show any particular tendency. However, the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO during traffic congestion was higher than levels during times of non-congestion on most public transportation. In summer and winter, the measurement results for temperature and humidity showed a normal range, so temperature and humidity did not affect the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO. In the case of TVOC, TVOC concentrations on new trains were found to be relatively higher than on older ones, but there was no statistically correlation. Conclusions: A survey was conducted on the indoor air quality on public transportation. This study also analyzed data based on TVOC and HCHO for designing policies and managing indoor air quality.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of living factors on TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) concentrations and personal factors to reduce the Sick House Syndrome for newly-built apartments. The field measurements of TVOC concentrations were made totally 30 times(5 times per one subject house) in six apartment units in which residents recently moved. Those apartments authorized its business approval before May 2004, the Act of Indoor Air Quality Management for multi-use facilities. The Questionnaire surveys of residents' subjective responses on the Sick House Syndrome were carried out in 2nd measurement of each house. Respondents consisted of 20 residents living in the measured houses. The findings were as follows: The TVOC concentrations of the measured subject apartments ranged from about 1/10 of the recommended standard for multi-use facilities($400{\mu}g/m^3$) to up to 90 times as high as the standard. Since then, the Recommended Standard of Indoor Air Quality Management for newly-built apartment house was announced in December 2005. In accordance with this standard($2390{\mu}g/m^3$) it ranged from about 1/100 to up to 15 times as high as the standard. The subject house whose TVOC concentrations reduced below the recommendation standard in the shortest period had the largest amount of ventilation (all the windows were open for ventilation in the past three months) among all measured houses. The reason of another house whose TVOC concentrations were much higher than the rest was fronted with new furniture in the room. There turned out to be no apparent relations between the TVOC concentrations and the residents' individual responses of Sick House Syndrome. The responses were serious in those who stayed in their new houses for a long period or had disease like allergy. It's recommended that they should open all the windows for at least three months for ventilation in newly-built houses, and it would be better to avoid remodeling than needs be.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2006

Number of aerosol, CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC after one-, two-, three-cigarettes smoking were monitored with time every 10 minute for 180 minutes in the seminar room (volume $51.1m^3$) when poorly-ventilated. IAQ monitor (IAQRAE, model PGM-5210) and PortCount (TSI, model 8020) were used for monitoring. Aerosol was decreased with exponential decay equation and it was estimated that number of aerosol would be long suspended (one cigarette 75/cc. two cigarettes 66/cc, three cigarettes 141/cc by 8hrs after smoking). While CO was also decreased with exponential or linear decay equation and correlated with number of aerosol strongly, TVOC and $CO_2$ were increased with linear equation in accordance with time lag. Most of TVOC and $CO_2$ were above standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality (Ministry of Environment) without regarding number of cigarettes. When naturally ventilated, all of CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were dramatically decreased below standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1363-1374
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the actual state of the indoor air quality in newly built or remodeled kindergartens by TVOC and HCHO concentration and teachers' responses. The field measurements on the levels of TVOC and HCHO were carried out in six classrooms of newly built or remodeled kindergartens before their opening. The interviews with teachers of subject kindergartens were carried out at the end of the first semester. The contents of the interviews were teachers' subjective responses and symptoms of the kindergarten pupils on the Sick New-School Syndrome. The results are as follows; the mean value of TVOC concentration in the classrooms of kindergartens ranged from 0.10ppm to 0.42ppm, which can theoretically exert a harmful influence on residents. The mean value of HCHO concentration ranged from 0.00ppm to 0.03ppm, which does not exceed the standard. The TVOC concentrations of the more ventilated kindergartens were lower than the others. Also, the classrooms with high concentrations of TVOC showed negative responses or symptoms in teachers and kindergarten pupils.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

The environment draws attention in the global community and a growing number of Koreans have interest in improving the quality of life, the importance of house environment has attracted the attention of the public. Against this backdrop, constructors have unveiled environmentally -friendly projects. However, they failed to establish people-oriented environment by being occupied with maximizing profitability through the improvement of brand image and caused sick house syndrome that has recently made controversy. In this regard, the study analyzed the mechanism of discharge of TVOC, one of the sick house syndrome-causing materials, that affects IAQ and its characteristics and examined the effect that granodiorite has on reduction of the discharge of TVOC in order to minimize damage. Experimental sample consisted of interior finishing materials frequently used in ceiling, wall and floor and adhesives used at a time of construction, and the TVOC of building materials was measured through the use of septum bottle unlike In the existing chamber method. Measures to counter the sick house syndrome were suggested by reducing the possible damage from the stage of selection of building material and by figuring out the effect that the granodiorite has on reduction of the discharge of TVOC.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 headspace-solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)-GC/MS법을 이용하여 PVC 벽지의 원자재에서 방출되는 TVOC를 분석하여 기여도를 평가하였다. 시료로 사용한 원자재는 6종으로 희석제, 안정제, 가소제, 충전제, 발포제와 PVC 레진이다. 각 원자재 시료를 22 mL 바이알에 9 mL씩 취한뒤 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1시간동안 평형을 이룬 다음 $75{\mu}m$ Carboxen-PDMS 화이버로 $25^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 흡착하여 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 정성결과 toluene, ethylbenzene 그리고 xylene과 같은 방향족 화합물과 acetone, methoxyacetone, 2-butanone 등의 케톤류와 nonane, decane, undecane 등의 알켄류가 검출되었다. 그 밖에도 ethanol, butanol 등의 알콜류와 알데히드류 등이 검출되었다. TVOC 방출량은 희석제 $54.20{\mu}g/g$, 안정제 $32.88{\mu}g/g$, 가소제 $0.50{\mu}g/g$, PVC 레진 $0.88{\mu}g/g$, 발포제 $0.22{\mu}g/g$, 충전제가 $0.11{\mu}g/g$로 나타났다. 각 원자재의 TVOC 방출량과 배합비를 고려한 TVOC 기여도는 희석제 0.708, 안정제 0.129, PVC 레진 0.115 순으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 희석제와 안정제, PVC레진의 질적인 개선을 통해 TVOC 방출량을 줄이는 노력이 필요하다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발한 HS-SPME-GC/MS 방법은 원자재의 TVOC 분석에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 생각된다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

Purpose: The study is to measure indoor air pollutants concentration of existing housing and to analyze the causes and assess in accordance with the government's criteria. The research result could be used as data for public health through indoor air quality management of existing housing and more as a reference for new housing. Method: It was investigated 24 middle class housings of metropolitan area in summer which have been built for the past 30 years. Concentration of HCHO, TVOC was investigated in living room at morning and night and concentration of $CO_2$ was investigated in living room and master bedroom at morning and night. SKT100-X5 was used for concentration of HCHO, TVOC and ZGm053UK for concentration of $CO_2$. Result: Average concentration of TVOC was 1.31 times more than that of HCHO and standard deviation of that was 1.73 times higher. Average concentration of $CO_2$ was almost nearly close to 1,000ppm being criteria of the Ministry of Environment.