• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of nutrient removal due to rapid hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation in small size private sewage treatment facility and to have better effluent quality by using natural zeolite as a coagulant aid. The experiments were conducted by applying different conditions of HRT, coagulant, and zeolite dosages. As an experimental result, $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP removal efficiencies were 64.9%, 94.5%, and 98.8% at co-injection with zeolite. Overall removal efficiencies of $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP have improved 15.7, 28.7, 6.1%, respectively. This result shows that zeolite addition could improve flocculation, increase setting velocity, and thus have better treatment. Therefore the use of zeolite as a coagulant aid can be useful in small size private sewage treatment facility, where especially extra nutrient removal is required to meet the legal standard for discharge.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.761-768
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• 2013

Removal of COD and TSS from rice mill wastewater was investigated using continuous electrocoagulation method (CEC). The electrical energy consumption (EEC) of the process was also examined in order to evaluate the economic viability. The Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to investigate the effects of major operating variables. Initial pH, current density, electrode distance and flow rate were selected as independent variables in BBD while COD removal, TSS removal and EEC were considered as the response functions. The predicted values of responses obtained using the response function was in good agreement with the experimental data. Optimum operating conditions were found to be pH of 7, current density of 15 mA $cm^{-2}$, electrode distance of 5 cm and flow rate of 70 ml/min. Under these conditions, greater than 89% removal of COD and TSS were obtained with EEC value of 7 KWh.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2015

Non-point source pollution associated with suspended solids in stormwater has been known to often adversely affect surface water ecosystems. Various methods of treating stormwater in the basin area before the stormwater reaches the receiving body of water have been developed. However, these treatment methods tend to be costly to install and also to maintain. In this study, an economical way of removing TSS (total suspended solids) from stormwater runoff with a fabric filter system was developed. Polyester was chosen as a fabric-filter material, because it was found to be economical in cost and relatively resistant to various chemicals. An experimental device was developed and used to determine filtration rates through polyester fabric samples of a series of several pore-opening sizes ($20{\mu}m$ to $94{\mu}m$) under a series of water-heads (0.25 to 1 m). It was found that the filtration rate increased as the size of water head increased. It was also found that the smaller the pore size of the fiber filter was, the higher the TSS removal efficiency was. However, the TSS removal efficiency was not found to be much different among the filters with different sizes of pore opening due to the fact that most mass of TSS was associated with large particles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.705-714
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• 2008

Three Mesh Screenning Reactors (MSRs) were operated in three different modes to investigate the effect of the mesh opening size and the filtrate flux on the removal of particulate matters and the production of soluble organic matters. The mesh opening size was $82{\mu}m$ (Mode 1), $61{\mu}m$ (Mode 2) and $38{\mu}m$ (Mode 3), respectively, and each mode has three different filtrate flux; $0.47m^3/m^2/d$, $0.95m^3/m^2/d$ and $1.42m^3/m^2/d$, respectively. TSS removal efficiency of mode 1, 2, and 3 fed with 191 mgTSS/L was 27%, 36%, and 60%, respectively. The SCOD concentration of 91mg/L in influent for the mode 1, 2, and 3 increased to 117 mg/L, 127 mg/L, and 155 mg/L, respectively. For the all MSRs, there was no significant effect of filtrate flux on the removal of particulate matters and the production of soluble organic matters. However, the mesh opening size greatly affected the removal of particulate matters and the production of soluble organic matters in wastewater. Three parallel A2O processes consisting of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactors maintaining mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of 3,000 mg/L were operated to investigate the effectiveness of MSR on the removal efficiencies of the organic matters, nitrogen, and phosphorus; MSR influent was introduced to System 1 (183 mgTSS/L, 324 mgTCOD/L, 87 mgSCOD/L, 45.2 mgTKN/L, and 6.6 mgTP/L) and MSR efluent was introduced to System 2 and 3(72 mgTSS/L, 289 mgTCOD/L, 141 mgSCOD/L, 40.2 mgTKN/L, and 4.2 mgTP/L). HRTs of the anaerobic reactors in systems 1, 2 and 3 were 1 h, 1 h and 0.6 h, respectively and anoxic reactors were 2 h in all systems. HRTs of the aerobic reactors in systems 1, 2 and 3 were 5 h, 3 h and 3 h, respectively. TSS concentration in effluent of both system 2 and 3 is about 8 mg/L and lower than that of system 1 effluent. Despite higher TCOD loading and SCOD loading, both Systems 2 and 3 had a greater TCOD and SCOD removal efficiency at 91% and 92% than System 1 was at 88% and 82%, respectively. The nitrification efficiency for system 2 was greater than observed for System 1 (99% verses 97%). The denitrification efficiency for systems 1, 2 and 3 was 78%, 88% and 87%, respectively. System 2 and 3 showed about 12% higher TN removal efficiency than system 1 (85% verses 73%). The effluent TP concentration for system 2 was less than observed for system 1 and 3.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 1997

A continuous foam separator has been used to remove TSS, $NH_3\;and\;NO_2^-$ from the recirculating water in aquaculture. Experimental runs were carried out to determine the foam separation variables, such as, hydraulic retention time, superficial air velocity and foam .height. The removal efficiency of TSS, $NH_3\;and\;NO_2^-$ was increased with hydraulic retention time and superficial air velocity, and removal efficiency of $NH_3$ was increased steadily with foam height. As DO concentration was increased with superficial air velocity and foam height, foam separator is also used for oxygen addition. It was concluded that foam separator might offer better perspective for removal of harmful components in fish culture water.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2023

In this study, the removal efficiency of road sweeping and sand filter facility for removing total suspended solid (TSS) as nonpoint source pollution from expressway was evaluated for the last 10 years (2012~2021) using ROADMOD. ROADMOD is a screening level model and was calibrated for runoff rate and TSS loading both at the inlet, which is the loading from the drainage area, and the outlet, from the sand filter facility. The drainage area is 715 m² and the dimensions of sand filter facility are 1.5 m (wide) × 3.8 m (length) × 1.5 m (depth). The monitoring period for model calibration was the rainfall event during Aug. 31~Sep. 1, 2021 and the amount of rainfall was 74.5 mm. As a result of calibration, the determination coefficients (R²) of the flow rate were 0.66 and 0.86, for the inlet and outlet, respectively, and those of TSS loading were 0.50 and 0.84, for the inlet and outlet, respectively. Considering that ROADMOD is a screening level model, the calibration results were reasonable to evaluate the best management practices (BMPs) on the expressway. Using ROADMOD simulation results for 2012~2021, the average yearly runoff rate from the expressway was 82% and removal efficiency was 9% for road sweeping, 35% for sand filter facility, and 39% for both road sweeping and sand filter facility.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2003

The performance of a foam fractionator to remove TAN, $NO_2,\;NO_3$, TSS, protein, and $PO_4-P$ at different superficial air velocities and foam overflow heights was evaluated in a lab-scale seawater recirculating system for culture of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The foam overflow rates increased with the increase of superficial air velocities, but decreased with the increase of foam overflow heights. Concentrations of all the water quality variables in the foam condensates increased with the increase of foam overflow height, but decreased with the increase of superficial air velocities. TSS, protein, and phosphate enrichment factors were within the range of 6.4-39.4, 1.6-7.3 and 1.2-3.9, respectively. Low values of TAN, $NO_2,\;and\;NO_3$ enrichment factors were obtained and they indicate that foam fractionation is rot an effective way to remove dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The calculated maximum daily removal values for TSS and protein were 10.9 and 1.4g, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

This research was conducted to analyze removal efficiencies of non-point pollution source (NPS) in low impact development (LID) facilities with vegetation. In this research, removal efficiencies of NPS were calculated using rainfall monitoring data for 5 years in grassed swale (GS) and vegetative filter strip (VFS). TSS was greater than other pollutants, and it ranged 11.9 ~ 351.7 mg/L in GS and 12.8 ~ 350.7 mg/L in VFS. Outflow EMCs were reduced than inflow EMCs, overall removal efficiencies of NPS were 67 ~ 86% in GS and 63 ~ 91% in VFS. 50 % reduction efficiency of rainfall runoff was observed between inflow and outflow in each LID facility. TSS removal efficiency in GS and VFS was correlated with rainfall characteristics. The rainfall for TSS removal efficiency over 50% was determined about 31 mm, 34 mm and average rainfall intensity was 3.0 mm/hr, 3.9 mm/hr in GS and VFS. Therefore, GS and VFS were regarded effective LID facilities as removal of pollutants and rainfall runoff. Also, this research result can be used as an important data for management of NPS.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 2009

This study examined the separation characteristics of particles in the rainfall runoff from paved roads using a ${\varphi}7.5$ cm hydrocyclone. The volume fraction and total suspended solids concentrations in the overflow and underflow from the hydrocyclone, as well as the separation efficiency were determined. The results indicated that the overflow volume increased with increasing operational pressure, but decreased with decreasing ratio of underflow outlet to inlet sizes ($D_u/D_i$), while the underflow to overflow volumes showed contrary behavior. The total suspended solid (TSS) concentration ratio between the overflow and inflow ($TSS_{over/in}$) decreased as a function of the operational pressure, while the corresponding ratio of underflow to inflow ($TSS_{under/in}$) increased. There was no visible difference in the $TSS_{over/in}$ with increasing $D_u/D_i$ ratio, but the $TSS_{under/in}$ decreased sharply. The particle removal efficiency was mainly affected by the particle size.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2004

Effect of initial protein concentration on the protein removal rate was assessed for seawater aquarium using a foam separator. Protein removal rate was increased and removal efficiency was decreased with the increase of initial protein concentration. Enrichment ratio was decreased and foam generation rate was increased with the increase of initial protein concentration. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal rate was increased with the increase of initial protein concentration, and TSS removal efficiency was decreased with the increase of initial protein concentration. Turbidity removal rate and removal efficiency were increased with the increase of initial protein concentration.