• 한국어류학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1997

1996년 11월, 충청남도 보령군 보령화력발전소 내에 있는 실내 부화장에서 점농어의 수정란을 부화, 사육시키면서 절식 1일(부화후 6일째), 2일, 3일, 4일째와 연속 기아시 점농어 자어의 형태 변화 및 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 점농어 자어는 부화 5일째부터 먹이를 먹기 시작하였으며, 무급이구는 부화 9일째 100%사망하였다. 부화 6일째(1일 기아)먹이를 투여하였던 실험구는 급이구와 마찬가지로 정상적인 성장을 하였으며, 7일째(2일 기아) 먹이를 투여한 실험구에서는 부화 후 9일째 5.3%의 생존율을 보였으나, 3~4일 기아구는 부화 10일에 100% 사망하였다. 2. 기아시 점농어 자어의 전장은 정상 먹이급여군보다 감소 성장하였다. 3. 정상 사육 개체와 기아 개체 사이의 체장에 대한 장높이(GH)와 근절높이(MH)의 비값이 다른 형태 형질에 비하여 가장 큰 변화 폭을 나타내었으며, 장높이/근절높이(GH/MH)도 큰 변화폭을 나타내어, 부화 9일 후 정상개체가 0.8, 기아 개체가 0.5이었다. 4. 기아 상태의 자어는 몸통 부분이 가늘어져서 휘어지며, 주둥이가 뾰족해졌고, 쇄골의 아래 끝이 튀어나왔다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2024

나무의 가지 구조와 생리학 사이의 중요한 관계를 고려할 때 가지 구조를 이해하는 것은 수종의 분류나 3D 나무 모델링과 같은 분야에 중요하다. 지상형 라이다는 나무의 구조를 자세히 포착하고 정량적 구조 모델은 지상형 라이다로부터 얻어진 포인트 클라우드에서 가지의 반경과 길이의 계산을 가능하게 한다. 선행 연구에서는 반경 비율이나 길이 비율 등 가지의 구조를 나타내는 인자의 대푯값으로 평균 또는 중앙값에 의존하거나 줄기와 1분기 가지의 관계만을 다루었다. 본 연구는 가시칠엽수, 은행나무, 왕벚나무에서 부모와 자식 가지 사이의 반경 비율, 길이 비율 및 분지각 세 가지 인자에 대해 3분기 가지까지 인자들의 추정 분포를 살펴보고 추정 분포들을 분기별, 종별로 비교하는 것을 목표로 한다. 인자들에 적합한 분포를 알아보기 위해 인자들을 여러 확률 분포로 추정해 보았고, 평균 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 통계량에 의거해 각각 그 수치가 반경의 경우 0.048, 길이의 경우 0.061, 각도의 경우 0.050으로 감마 분포가 최적의 분포로 선택되었다. 추정된 분포 내에서 최빈값과 평균값, 최빈값과 중앙값 사이의 차이를 정규화 한 평균은 반경에 경우 11.2% 및 7.5%, 길이에 경우 17.0% 및 11.5%, 분지각의 경우 8.2% 및 5.5%로 상당한 차이를 보였다. 추정된 분포 사이에서 분기별, 종별 비교 분석을 수행했으며, 그 결과 인자들로부터 추정된 분포는 분기와 종에 따라 다양한 분포 양상을 보였다. 본 연구는 이러한 인자들의 확률 분포를 조사하는 것이 가지 구조에 대해 더 상세한 묘사를 제공할 수 있음 시사한다. 또한 가지 구조의 포괄적인 이해를 위해 더 높은 분기의 가지를 조사하는 것의 중요성을 강조한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.570-579
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• 2015

녹나무과 생강나무속인 털조장나무는 한국 희귀식물 가운데 약관심종(LC), 식물구계학적 특정식물 IV등급 종이며 무등산국립공원 깃대종이다. 무등산, 천봉산 및 조계산 지역에서 털조장나무는 경사도는 $12^{\circ}{\sim}51^{\circ}$, 분포사면은 북서사면에서 북동사면까지, 해발고는 220~533m사이에 분포하였다. 털조장나무를 조사한 방형구에서 확인한 관속식물은 37과 54속 66종 5변종 1품종 총 72분류군이었다. 이중 식물구계학적 특정식물 IV등급종은 털조장나무, III등급 종에는 노각나무와 단풍나무가 있었으며, 한국 고유종은 노각나무와 지리대사초였다. 털조장나무가 분포하는 무등산지역의 식생군집은 신갈나무와 졸참나무-털조장나무, 때죽나무 군집, 천봉산지역은 노각나무-털조장나무, 조릿대군집, 조계산지역의 선암사지역은 서어나무-털조장나무, 조릿대군집 그리고 송광사 지역은 노각나무-털조장나무, 조릿대군집이었다. 조사된 털조장나무는 총 662개체였는데 이중 치수를 포함한 줄기가 1개인 개체는 353개(53.32%)였고, 2~5개의 맹아지를 갖는 개체는 270개(40.79%)였다. 맹아지 수가 가장 많은 개체는 27개로 확인되었다. 전체 662개체에서 맹아지 수는 1,198줄기였다. 또한 수고는 50cm에서 150cm까지의 개체가 699개(58.34%)로 가장 많았고 가장 큰 맹아지는 565cm였다. 맹아지의 근원 직경은 1cm미만이 992개(82.81%)로 가장 많았고 다음은 직경 1.0~1.5cm는 156개(13.2%)였다. 가장 큰 줄기는 근원 직경이 3.2cm이고 키는 565cm이었는데 근원부는 50%가, 흉고부는 25%가 고사된 상태였고, 줄기 한쪽이 세로로 찢어져 있었다. 4m이상인 3개체의 줄기도 정단부의 가지가 일부 고사된 상태였다. 따라서 한국산 털조장나무는 정아우세인 수형을 유지하지만 일정 수고 이상의 줄기는 고사되고 맹아지 수를 증가시킴으로서 개체의 형태적 적응을 보이는 관목이다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1982

The paddy fiels slope located in Kangweon province Hwyongsung gun Gonggeun myon Shinchonri was considerably steep and so it was impossible to economically consolidate the field up to date. But for the porpose of farm mechanization, the field (32. 27ha) was consolidated by the auther under the assitance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery and,;the Administration of Kangweon province. This paddy field consolidation was caused by the treatise on "Land-consolidation methods for farm mechanization in the steep-sloped paddy field", of which the auther is the same. The constrution was carried out from September, 1981 to April, 1982. During the 4esign and construction, some Peculiarities were found and discussed. That is, in design, besides the common condititions for a design, some special conditions were considered and written below; (1) The ranges of field slope in this design were 1/100-1/30. (2) Long sides of the land readjustment blocks must be arranged abreast contour line, and so they make the amount of cutting and banking decreased so as to take the maximum advantage of the configuration of the field. (3) In design, the main principles of dividing blocks were written below; i) First of all, long side of a block should be drawn straight abreast a contour line. ii) Long side of a block should arrange abreast contour line and make its length 100-150m, if not, l)reak the side in order to make a bended rectangle. iii) Length of a short side should be determinded within differences of elevation (0.6 -1. 2m) between the two adjacent blocks toward the normal to a contour line. iv) Length of a short side should be above 15m and the ratio of long and short side should be slso kept 1: (4-6). v) A new field surface leveling was determinded from the elevation which produce the least amount of cuttingand banking within the range of 0.6-1. 2m diffe rences of elevation between the two adjacent blocks. vi) In the course of dividing blocks with the same width along the line which was normal to a contour line, all blocks connot keep their shape in a retangle because of steep slope of the field and so on, and so it was also necessory to make some non-retanglar and small blocks such as a trianglar or trapezoidal shape, which was impossible to use some of farm machinery. But because this non-rectanglar and small blocks were divided, larger and many rectanglar blocks can be divided and construction cost can also be lowered. According to the conditions discussed above, the paddy field consolidation project designed and constructed. And the results of this study were obtained as below; (1) Three-forth of total cost of this paddy field consolidation was not construction cost, and these cost consist of land grading (1/4), road and canal construction cost (1/4) and the other cost (1/4) such as surveying or materials and 56 on. (2) The steeper the land slope, the greater cost was assigned for road and canal construction, and than land grading. (3) Curtailment of the road and canal construction cost depended on simplificating their strutures. (4) In the case of the land slopes were low, the land grading cost was high by 1: 1.4 in comparison with the road and canal construction cost, and conversely when the slops were steep, the road and canal construction cost was high by 1 : 5 in compa- rison with the land grading cost. (5) The densities of irrigation canal, drainage canal and trunk and branch road were 150. Sm/ha, 60. im/ha and 17. 4m/ha respectively. The density of irrigation canal of the area was high by 2 times in comparison with the average one of Kangweon Province, and the others were nearly the same. (6) Most farmers (above 85%) knew the effects of paddy field consolidation. The effects are; 1) Improvement of irrigation 2) Improvement of farm management 3) Improvement of transportarion 4) farm mechanization and 5) grouping of the scattered land. And the more farm modernization was accomplished by these projects, the more farmers wanted to live in their land. (7) In spite of the very steep sloped paddy field, the diminution rate of the net farm land caused by consolidation was 7.7% which was nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain of Kangweon province. Land grading cost was 971, OOOwon/ha which was rather cheap by 13.2% than the one of Ghulweon plain, and unit construction cost was 5, 341, OOOwon/ha (included soil addition) which was also nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain and FNFIA (The federation of national farmland improvement association).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the appearance time of the second polar body for producing Gynogenesis or Triploid which could be obtained by arresting the second polar body by cold shock, and then blastoderm was used to measure fertility that revealed the nature of oogenesis, the effects of water temperature on fertility, hatchability, abnormality, viability and growth rate, and the water temperature and the breeding methods to prevent early death of larvae in Korean loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) ; the results obtained in this study were summarized as follows. The second polar body was observed ont he surface of plasma disc close to micropyle within 10~40 min after fertilization at 29$^{\circ}C$. Artificial inseminatin had to be done immediately after the egg spawning because the spermatozoa of loach their mobility within 2 minutes when they were exposed to water. The amount of time needed to reach at blastoderm stage was 12 hours if fertilized eggs were incubated at 16$^{\circ}C$, 8 hours at 19$^{\circ}C$, 6 hours at 21$^{\circ}C$, 5 hours at 23$^{\circ}C$, 4 hours at 26$^{\circ}C$ and 3 hours 30 min at 29$^{\circ}C$ showing the shorter time for development of eggs at higher temperature. Fertilization rates in water temperatures of 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$, and 26$^{\circ}C$ were higher than those of water temperatures, 16$^{\circ}C$ and 29$^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures at 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, and 23$^{\circ}C$ showed higher hatching rates that those of 16$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, and 29$^{\circ}C$, while abnormal rates in 16$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$ and 23$^{\circ}C$ were lower than that of 26$^{\circ}C$ and 29$^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures at 16$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$ and 26$^{\circ}C$ respectively, were more different than 29$^{\circ}C$ in survival rates. The embryos were hatched at 72 hours after fertilization in 16$^{\circ}C$ water temperature, 48 hours in 19$^{\circ}C$, 40 hours in 21$^{\circ}C$, 32 hours in 23$^{\circ}C$, 25 hours in 26$^{\circ}C$, and 16 hours in 29$^{\circ}C$. Within three days after hatched out, the larvage grew 3mm in total length, the yolk granules were entirely consumed and the head and the trunk became thicker. Within 45 days after hatched out, the larva grew 25mm at 29$^{\circ}C$, 21mm at 26$^{\circ}C$, 16mm at 23$^{\circ}C$, 15mm at 21$^{\circ}C$, 12mm at 16$^{\circ}C$ in a 30 litreglass aquarium.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.329-332
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• 1999

대목재식 후 2년차에 측지가 10개 이상 발생 된 우량묘를 생산하기 위하여 삭아접시기 및 대목 절단시기에 따른 수체생육 특성과 측지발생에 미치는 적엽 및 promalin 처리 효과를 시험한 결과, 대목재식 후 약 90일 정도 경과한 6월중순경에 삭아접을 실시하는 것이 4월 중순에 삭아접을 하는 것보다 재식 1년차의 수체생육은 떨어지지만 접아고사주율이 평균 8% 정도 낮았다. 또한 M.9 대목 절단시기에 있어서는 삭아접전절단(ECCB)을 실시하는 것보다 삭아 접후절단을 할 경우, 접아고사율이 14% 정도 낮아 수체 생장의 균일도가 높으면서 접목효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 재식 2년차인 1998 년도에 접목시기 및 M.9 대목 절단시기에 따른 적엽(3회) 및 promalin(3회) 처리효과를 조사한 결과, 6월 중순 삭아접후절단(LCCB) 처리 구에서 측지발생 효과 및 화아형성 정도가 다른 처리에 비하여 가장 좋았다. 묘목 특성으로는 수고 209cm, 측지수 13.8개, 화아형성수 9.0개로 우량한 측지묘 조건에 부합한 묘목이 생산되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

감성돔 아가미에 기생하는 Alella의 형태 및 조직학적 구조를 관찰하고, 삼투압 충격에 의한 기생충의 구제 가능성을 조사하였다. 숙주당 Alella의 기생수는 평균 5개체였으며, 모든 개체가 암컷이었다. 이들은 아가미 연골조직에 bulla를 삽입하여 몸을 고정하고 있었다. 이 기생충의 몸은 두흉부$(1825.0{\pm}495.8{\mu}m)$, 몸통$(1822.1{\pm}521.5{\mu}m)$ 부착기인 bulla $(134.2{\pm}43.1{\mu}m)$ 구성되어져 있었다. 기생충은 아가미 2차새변을 섭취하였으며, 이로 인해 감성돔은 출혈과 빈혈이 발생하였고, 숙주의 폐사는 빈혈에 의한 것으로 추정된다. 감성돔에 기생한 Alella성체는 염분농도 $0{\sim}15\%_{\circ}$에서 48시간 이내에 100% 폐사하여, 삼투압 충격에 의하여 구제할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.127-145
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• 1997

The purpose of this study wa9 to analyse the gait patterns of two female children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy by using the three-dimensional video motion analysis technique. Case 1 has mild spastic hemiplegia on the right side while Case 3 has moderate spastic hemiplegia on the left side. A group of 10, normal female children of the same age(7-8 years old) were selected as the control group for comparison. Time and distance variables as well as the Center of Mass displacement, and the pelvic and joint motions in three anatomical planes were analysed for this purpose. The following observations were made through the analysis : Case 1 revealed an asymmetrical gait pattern in which the step length of the unaffected side was shorter than that of the affected side, which wan a result of the effort to minimize loading on the affected leg by shortening the swing phase of the unaffected leg. Case 1 scored similar phase ratios, cadence and walking velocity to the normal group. A slight posterior tilt of the pelvis was observed throughout the gait cycle. Less hip and knee flexion than the normal group was observed, and demonstrated hyperextension of the knee in the terminal stance phase. The main problem in case 1 originated from the insufficient dorsiflexion of the affected foot during the swing phase. Therefore, Case 1 has difficulty with foot clearance in the swing phase. Usually, this is compensated for by using exessive hip abduction and medial rotation in conjuction with trunk elevation as well as increased vortical displacement of the center of mass. Case 1 revealed a foot-flat initial contact pattern. Case 2 was characterized by a consistent retraction ef the affected aide of the body througout the gait cycle, As a result, an asymmetrical gait pattern with increased stance phase ratios of the unaffected side was observed. In spite of this the step lengths of both sieds were similar. Case 2 scored lower cadence and walking speed than the normal group with lower gait stability. The main problem in Case 2 originated from an excessive plantaflexion of the affected foot which, in turn, rebutted in high hip and knee flexion. Hyperextension of the knee was observed at mid-stance, and execessive anterior tilt of the pelvis throughout the gait cycle was noticed. A gait pattern with high hip abduction and medial circumduction was maintained for the stability in the stance phase and foot clearance in the swing phase. Case 2 revealed a forefoot-contact initial contact pattern.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2003

1999년부터 2002년까지 경남 진주의 소나무재선충에 의한 피해임지 내에서 고사목을 대상으로 솔수염하늘소 유충침입공과 성충탈출공 및 번데기방의 크기와 갱도길이 등을 측정하고, 소나무 내 분포를 분석하였다. 소나무 내 솔수염하늘소의 유충 침입공수는 1$m^2$당 수관부가 56.2 개인데 비해 수간부는 27.7개로서 수관부가 훨씬 많았다. 직경이 8-l0 cm인 공시목에 침입공의 27.5%와 우화공의 22.4%가 분포하였고 이보다 굵거나 가는 공시목에는 적었다. 침입공의 형태는 타원형으로 입구의 표면적은 평균 65.8$\textrm{mm}^2$ 이었다. 성충탈출공은 원형으로서 직경은 평균 7.0mm 이었다. 공시목의 표면에서 번데기방까지의 깊이는 평균 24.8 mm이었고 번데기 방의 부피는 200-2,000 ㎣이었다 성충의 탈출공은 수관부가 수간부보다 많았으며, 공시목의 직경이 8-10cm에서 22.4%로 가장 많이 분포하였다. 유충 침입공과 성충 탈출공까지의 목질부 표면에서 직선거리는 평균 3.3 cm이었으며, 침입공에서 탈출공까지의 갱도 길이는 평균 46.2 nm이었다.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2004

A precise understanding of the human form in static pose serves as the basis of designing clothing. When the human body is in motion, however, even an article of clothing designed to fit the human form in static pose can pull and change, thus restricting the body. In order to increase the fit of the clothing, which may be termed the second skin, its form and measurements therefore must be determined in correlation not only with the formal characteristics of the human body, in static pose but also with its functional characteristics in motion, as caused by the movements of the human body. In this study, the motion factor was selected as the primary basis for designing slacks with good fit in both static and moving states. By indentifying the areas in which lower limb movement cause significant changes in body surface lines, we suggest several application methods for designing slacks. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Body parts whose measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. The results of this study are as follows. First, changes in body surface lines caused by lower limb movements were significant in all body surface lines of the lower trunk, both horizontal and vertical, with the exception of abdomen girth, midway thigh girth, ankle girth, hip length, and posterior knee girth. Second, significantly expanded 10 body surface lines in moving pose were detected and illustrated in table 4. These body parts should be studied in designing or pattern designing, especially for close-fitting pants, in using stretch fabric, and in sensory evaluation of good fit during movement.